TranslateProject/sources/Top Things To Do After Installing Ubuntu 13.10 ‘Saucy Salamander’.md
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安装Ubuntu13.10 - Saucy Salamander(活泼的蝾螈)后的首要事情

将于10月17日发布的Ubuntu 13.10 Saucy Salamander有着许多新的显着特点较大的更新及明显的性能改进。这篇简短的操作手册how-to将会讨论在日常的使用中怎么样进一步提升Ubuntu 13.10的性能。

如果你已经装有Ubuntu以前的版本想升级到最新的13.10的话,请参照着我们的指南一步一步操作。升级到Ubuntu 13.10 Saucy Salamander

首先在全新安装Ubuntu 13.10 Saucy后第一步就是检查如下的几件事情。

A. 它能正常的跑起来吗,如果不能,查看我们以前发表的文章来解决相应的问题

B. wifi连接速度是否正常如果太慢查看我们以前发表的文章来解决相应的问题

1. 更新系统

安装完Ubuntu 13.10 Saucy后首要的事情就是更新或升级软件源库确保你的系统中的所有软件都能更新到最新版本。

$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

2. 安装Ubuntu Tweak软件

在Ubuntu系统或它的衍生发行版系统上Ubuntu Tweak是必须有的。它是一个应用程序使用它任何人都能很容易的配置Ubuntu系统。它提供了很多有用的桌面和系统选项这些都是默认的桌面环境没有提供的。使用Ubuntu Tweak只需要一个简单的点击就可以安装所有需要的应用程序还可以改变默认的从左到右的窗口按钮排列方式等等……。

阅读专访Ubuntu Tweak的作者周鼎

通过PPA安装Ubuntu Tweak

注意 稳定的 Ubuntu-Tweak PPA还没有准备好但有一个来源于讨论组并可用的PPA可以安装Ubutun-Tweak。

打开终端,输入如下命令:

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tualatrix/next
$ sudo apt-get update 
$ sudo apt-get install ubuntu-tweak

这篇文章里提到的大部分应用程序都可以在Ubuntu Tweak中心找到并且通过点击就可安装。

如果你想学习怎么样使用Ubuntu Tweak请阅读我们以前的帖子文章

3. 桌面环境

不喜欢Ubuntu 13.10默认的Unity为什么不试试Cinnamon或者Gnome呢

Cinnamon是GNOME 3的一个分支它提供了一个有经典菜单的底部面板这对于想使用经典底部菜单的Ubuntu用户来说相当有用。Ubuntu 13.10的默认源库里已经提供了Cinnamon因此输入下面的命令就能安装。

sudo apt-get install cinnamon译者注原文缺失

如果你想安装最新版本的cinnamon就增加如下步骤

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gwendal-lebihan-dev/cinnamon-nightly
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install cinnamon

注销当前登陆会话然后在登陆提示窗口选择Cinnamon作为桌面会话。现在就可以进入Cinnamon的桌面环境。

警告 最新版本的Cinnamon会破坏原来的Unity这在Ubuntu 13.04版本和13.10版本上都发现了同样的问题。希望在 Ubuntu 13.10稳定版本发布前会修复这个bug。欲了解更多信息请参阅此链接

在Ubuntu 13.10上安装GNOME 3

要在Ubuntu 13.10上安装GNOME 3输入如下命令

sudo apt-get install gnome-shell ubuntu-gnome-desktop

在安装期间安装程序会让你选择登陆显示管理器LightDM是Unity桌面默认的标准GDM是GNOME桌面默认的标准任一个都可以

4. 账户配置

配置UbuntuOne账户

UbuntuOne让用户在线存储文件,然后在电脑和移动设备之间同步,也可以从云端获取音频和音乐到移动设备。如果你已经有一个帐号,你需要在顶部登陆,然后在您的电脑上设置一个文件夹,并开始同步你的数据,通讯录,照片等。

你也可以从左为的unity启动器里运行UbuntuOne

配置网上帐户

你需要做的首要事情之一就是设置你的网上帐户Facebooktwitter……。要做到这一点直接点击右上角齿轮形状的按钮,并选择系统设置

然后选择网上帐户(如下所示)。

现在设置您的网上帐户并在Ubuntu可以得到通知。

5. 系统监控和外观糖果工具##

为Ubuntu 13.10安装Conky工具

**[Conky] 8**是一款免费的轻量级的X窗口系统监控软件能在您的桌面上显示任何的信息。有许多漂亮的主题可以选择用来显示时钟、CPU使用率、内存使用率、交换空间信息磁盘信息、网络信息或更多的系统信息。查看我们以前发表的关于在Ubuntu 12.04, 12.10,13.04或Ubuntu 13.10环境中安装及配置conky的相关文章

不喜欢默认的图标,想尝试一些很酷的图标?

试试下面很酷的图标集。

需要更改默认的图标,以符合您的口味?查看这个漂亮的Ubuntu的图标集 (包含PPA)。

6. 多媒体软件选择

  • 播放器

1-VLC 媒体播放器:

在Linux平台上VLC是最好的媒体播放器它几乎能播放所有的媒体文件而且还具有其它多媒体播放器所没有的特性。如果你想知道VLC有些什么功能请读读这篇文章VLC媒体播放器能做的25件事

通过Ubuntu软件中心或者在终端中使用下面的命令就能安装VLC

sudo apt-get install vlc

或者使用下面的PPA来安装最新的2.1.1版本。

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:videolan/stable-daily
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install vlc

2- XMBC

**XBMC**是一个屡获殊荣的免费和开源GPL媒体播放器软件及数字媒体娱乐中心。XBMC可以运行在Linux、OSX、windows及原来的Xbox平台上。XBMC做为一个标准的计算机媒体播放器应用程序功能十分强大它已经被设计为您的HTPC的最佳伴侣。因为它支持几乎是无限的远程控制并配有漂亮的界面和强大的皮肤引擎坐在沙发上操作非常舒适所以XBMC是您的家庭影院的理想解决方案。

打开终端,拷贝下面的命令执行:

sudo apt-get install xbmc
  • 视频编辑

Openshot视频编辑器

我喜欢的视频编辑器是OpenshotLinux平台专用的最好软件。可以直接从Ubuntu软件中心进行安装但想安装最新发行版本的话你得把下面的源库添加上

注释 在写这篇文章的时候13.10版本下PPA还不可用。希望不久就会更新可用。

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:openshot.developers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install openshot openshot-doc

也可以读读采访乔纳森·托马斯这文章。他是Openshot的主要开发者。

  • 视频编码器

Handbrake:

查看我们以前的文章来了解这款叫做“Handbrake”的强大视频编码器软件。

使用Handbrake对电影和视频编码

7. 安装常用编解码器以便能播放DVD

也许安装几个常见的编解码器,可能会提升您的系统的可用性:

sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg libxine1-ffmpeg gxine mencoder libdvdread4 totem-mozilla icedax tagtool easytag id3tool lame nautilus-script-audio-convert libmad0 mpg321 gstreamer1.0-libav

要播放加密的DVDlibdvdcss 2包是必不可少的。libdvdcss是一个简单的专门设计来访问DVD的库就像访问块设备一样轻松而不用考虑是否需要解密。

sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/./install-css.sh

8. 让浏览器支持Flash

在32位或64位的Ubuntu系统上 为了能用浏览器Firefox/Chrome观看视频及浏览flash网站你需要安装flash插件。打开Ubuntu软件中心搜索"flash",然后安装。

另外也可以输入下面的命令来安装flash插件。

sudo apt-get install flashplugin-installer

9. BT软件

uTorrent

uTorrent是一款轻量级和高效能的BT客户端软件它可以运行在Linux系统、windows系统和Mac系统上。uTorrent在Linux系统上的安装与在windows系统和Max系统上安装大不相同。在Linux中uTorrent是做为网页服务端web server来运行的但你可以在浏览器中访问。为了能在浏览器上访问你应该先开启他的服务。

查看我们以前的文章来了解更多的uTorrent信息。

在Ubuntu/Debian/Linux Mint中怎样安装uTorrent客户端

Deluge

Deluge应用程序是一个全功能的BT客户端。它后端使用libtorrent库用户界面UI使用PyGTK并且在目前POSIX兼容的操作系统也可运行。它的目的是给像GNOME和Xfce等GTK桌面环境带来原生的、全功能客户端应用程序。官方的windows端口也开放可用。

打开终端,输入如下命令:

sudo apt-get install deluge

10. 即使消息软件

这里是为您的系统推荐的消息软件列表。不要所有的都安装。一个一个的装,找出最合你的一款,然后删除其它的。

Pidgin最好的即时消息客户软件有30个插件你能和朋友进行语音或视频聊天。

要安装Pidgin键入如下命令

$ sudo apt-get install pidgin

aMSN是一款免费的windows Live Messenger的克隆版本软件。aMSN在外观和感觉上很像windows Live Messenger并且支持windows Live Messenger的很多功能。

aMSN具有Windows Live Messenger没有的功能。用户可以设置报警器能够查看把自己从他们的联系人删除的用户的信息能够一次打开多个人个介绍页面。它也具有可定制功能在主页面上可以自定义主题及定义扩展。

要安装aMSN在你的终端中键入如下命令

$ sudo apt-get install amsn

Skype

如果你想安装Skype查看我们以前的文章Ubuntu 13.04 Raring Ringtail中如何安装Skype

Jitsi:

Jitsi是用Java编写的开源多平台的音频/视频网络电话和即时通讯软件。它支持一些最流行的像SIP、Jabber/ XMPP协议有 hence Facebook和Google Talk、AIM、ICQ、MSN、雅虎通等即时通讯和电话协议。

For details about Jitsi please check our previous article in the following link.至于详细的Jitsi介绍请点击下面的连接来查看我们以前的文章。

在Ubuntu中安装Jitsi即时通讯软件

11. 游戏或模拟器

有了Playdeb游戏变得容易了

如果你是游戏发烧友添加PlayDeb源到你的开机上就很有必要了。PlayDeb是一个Ubuntu的游戏源库。在getdeb.net网站上已经提供了一个简单的安装和更新格式标题你只要通过简单的点击就能安装很多游戏。

点击安装PlayDeb源库

Wine

Wine enables Linux, Mac, FreeBSD, and Solaris users to run Windows applications without a copy of Microsoft Windows. Wine is free software under constant development. Other platforms may benefit as well.

sudo apt-get install wine

Or

Please follow instructions in our previous post : How to install and configure games on WINE

12. Sharing Files/Folders

Samba:

In order to share folders in Raring Ringtail with other Linux and windows machines in your network, you will need to install and configure Samba share, for instructions how to configure Samba in Ubuntu check our previous post : Install and Configure Samba share in Ubuntu 13.04 Raring Ringtail

Gigola:

Gigola is an another option to share files between Linux and Windows systems. Unlike Samba, we can use Gigola to send files between Linux-to-Linux and Linux-to-Windows systems.

Learn more about Gigola from the below link.

How to Access Remote Linux and Windows Shares with Gigolo

13. Extras & Miscellaneous

- Install Archive Management Apps:

Install the following packages will allow you to deal with almost all and any zip formated files.

sudo apt-get install unace unrar zip unzip p7zip-full p7zip-rar sharutils rar uudeview mpack arj cabextract file-roller

- Y PPA Manager:

Y PPA Manager is a GUI tool to easily add PPAs, search a package in all Launchpad PPAs, remove duplicate PPAs (only works with separate .list files), backup PPAs and other PPA-related tasks. Check out the Launchpad page for a complete features list.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/y-ppa-manager
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install y-ppa-manager

Y-PPA-Manager can be launched either from Dash or Menu.

Install Java 7

Java is fast, secure, and reliable programming and computing platform. There are lots of applications and websites that will not work unless you have Java installed, and more are created every day. To install java simply run the following command from your terminal.

sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk

If you want to try oracle-java 7, try the following steps.

First you need to remove OpenJDK for this run the following command from your terminal:

sudo apt-get purge openjdk*

Now you can install Java 7 by adding the following repository:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-installer

To remove Java 7, run this in terminal:

sudo apt-get remove oracle-java7-installer

FileZilla:

Filezilla is one of the best ftp client for Linux.

Install it via command line:

sudo apt-get install filezilla

Dropbox:

Dropbox is a free service that lets you bring all your photos, docs, and videos anywhere. This means that any file you save to your Dropbox will automatically save to all your computers, phones and even the Dropbox website. Dropbox also makes it super easy to share with others, whether youre a student or professional, parent or grandparent.

Download the Dropbox package

Oracle VirtualBox:

If you want to run another OS in a virtual machine, install Virtualbox.

For installation, follow the instructions in our previous post.

Cheese: Web Cam Software

Cheese uses your webcam to take photos and videos, applies fancy special effects and lets you share the fun with others. To install cheese on your Ubuntu desktop, enter the following command:

sudo apt-get install cheese

digikam

digiKam is an advanced digital photo management application for Linux, Windows, and Mac-OSX. It can be used by Photographers to view, manage, edit, enhance, organize, tag, and share photographs under Linux systems.

You can easily install it using command:

sudo apt-get install digikam

Gimp:

Regardless of whether you need to edit images daily on a professional level or just a hobbyist, GIMP is an essential tool for all.

sudo apt-get install gimp gimp-data gimp-plugin-registry gimp-data-extras

Install Compiz

To install Compiz use the following command:

sudo apt-get install compiz compizconfig-settings-manager compiz-plugins

14. 桌面特效

Want to spice-up your desktop with awesome wallpapers, well you can use the following two programs to change your desktop wallpapers in a particular interval.

a- Variety:

Variety is a wallpaper changer for Ubuntu which is feature-full, yet slim and very easy to use. It can automatically download wallpapers from various online sources such as Flickr, Wallbase.cc, World sunlight map (a live wallpaper that changes as the day progresses), Wallpapers.net, NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day, Desktoppr.co etc. It allows rotating them on a regular interval or on demand, and provides easy to use ways to separate the great images from the junk.

To install it under Ubuntu follow our previous post instructions.

Automatically Change the Desktop Wallpaper Using Variety on Ubuntu/Linux Mint

b- Wallch:

Wallch is an application that can be used to change your Ubuntu (Ubuntu derivatives) desktop wallpapers automatically at a particular period of time. It supports Gnome and Unity. It also let you to stop/start wallch, change to next/previous wallpaper. You can adjust/change the wallpaper changing interval. Wallch supports live Earth wallpapers which updates automatically every half an hour, therefore you can set the live Earth wallpapers as your desktop background.

To install it under Ubuntu follow our previous post instructions.

Change Ubuntu Systems Wallpaper Automatically With Wallch

15. Other worth trying applications

a- App Grid:

App Grid is a light weight alternative for Ubuntu Software Center. It allows you to filter applications by installed, pending, categories, name and rating. It is released under proprietary license and is available for Ubuntu 12.04, 12.10, 13.04 and 13.10.

For more details about App Grid, check our previous article in the following link.

App Grid: A New Alternative For Ubuntu Software Center

b- Boot UP Manager(BUM):

Boot-Up Manager is a Perl-Gtk2 application to manage runlevels configuration of any Ubuntu/Debian derivative systems. Using this program we can easily start and stop boot-up scripts, without the necessity to handle through complex symbolic links and permissions.

For more details about BUM, check our previous article in the following link.

Manage Startup Services With BUM (Boot-Up Manager) On Ubuntu/Debian

c- TLP: Improve Battery performance

TLP is an advanced power management tool for Linux that gives the settings and tweaks to enhance your existing power management automatically without the need to know every technical details. It is purely a command-line tool and doesnt have a GUI. It should work on almost all laptops.

For more details about TLP, check our previous article in the following link.

How to Improve Laptop Battery Life and Usage in Linux Using TLP

d- BleachBit: Clean up your system

BleachBit deletes the unnecessary files, free up cache, delete cookies, clear internet history, shred temporary files, delete logs, and discard junk you didnt know was there. This tool can be used in both Windows OS and Linux systems. And it will support the following applications such as Firefox, Internet Explorer, Adobe Flash, Google Chrome, Opera, Safari and more. It not only deletes the files, but it includes some advanced features such as shredding files to prevent recovery, wiping free disk space to hide traces of files deleted by other applications, and vacuuming Firefox to make it faster.

For more details about BleachBit, check our previous article in the following link.

Clean up your systems using BleachBit

Also install the following useful softwares if you like. This is gonna help you some time.

Opera The fastest browser on Earth is even faster. But that is not all. Use Opera Turbo to double your page-download speed on slow connections.

Google Chrome Web browser from Google

Google Earth Travel to cities across the globe, dive into the depths of the ocean, explore remote islands or even fly to faraway galaxies.

Now youve reached the end of the article. At this stage, youll have a perfect and full fledged Ubuntu 13.10 Desktop. Cheers!!


via: http://www.unixmen.com/top-things-installing-ubuntu-13-10/

本文由 LCTT 原创翻译,Linux中国 荣誉推出

译者:runningwater 校对:校对者ID