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174 lines
6.2 KiB
Markdown
174 lines
6.2 KiB
Markdown
实用的Linux SHELL面试问题及答案
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================================================================================
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随着之前有关面试的系列文章,读者的反应比较强烈,所以我决定出一篇有关Linux Shell相关的面试文章,如果对本文有什么意见或意见的话,欢迎反馈到我的邮箱里。
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如果想要阅读已发表在Tecmint.com的文章,可以点击链接,链接到[访谈系列] [1],在这里我们已经介绍很多题目即文章。,FTP,MySQL和Apache的,脚本,Linux命令等。
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![Practical Interview Question on Shell Scripting](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Interview-Questions-on-Shell-Scripting.png)
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> 实用的shell脚本面试问题
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这边提到的5个面试问题,延续之前的有关Linux面试问题和答案。如果你是Tecmint.com的读者,你的支持我非常感谢。
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### 1. 写一个shell脚本来得到当前的日期,时间,用户名和当前工作目录。 ###
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> **答案** : 输出用户名,当前日期和时间,以及当前工作目录的命令就是logname,date,who i am和pwd。
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现在,创建一个名为**`userstats.sh`**文件,将下面的代码添加到它。
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#!/bin/bash
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echo "Hello, $LOGNAME"
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echo "Current date is `date`"
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echo "User is `who i am`"
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echo "Current directory `pwd`"
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给它添加执行权限,并且执行他。
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# chmod 755 userstats.sh
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# ./userstats.sh
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#### 样例输出 ####
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Hello, avi
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Current date is Sat Jun 7 13:05:29 IST 2014
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User is avi pts/0 2014-06-07 11:59 (:0)
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Current directory /home/avi/Desktop
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### 2.写一个shell脚本,进行两个数字的相加,如果没有输入参数就输出错误信息和一行使用说明###
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> **答案** : 下面是简单的shell脚本以及描述,如果没有命令行参数,它会抛出错误与如何使用脚本的说明。
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再创建一个名为**`twonumbers.sh`**文件和下面的内容添加到文件里。
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#!/bin/bash
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# The Shebang
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if [ $# -ne 2 ]
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# If two Inputs are not received from Standard Input
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then
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# then execute the below statements
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echo "Usage - $0 x y"
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# print on standard output, how-to use the script (Usage - ./1.sh x y )
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echo " Where x and y are two nos for which I will print sum"
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# print on standard output, “Where x and y are two nos for which I will print sum ”
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exit 1
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# Leave shell in Error Stage and before the task was successfully carried out.
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fi
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# End of the if Statement.
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echo "Sum of $1 and $2 is `expr $1 + $2`"
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# If the above condition was false and user Entered two numbers as a command Line Argument,
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it will show the sum of the entered numbers.
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给他添加可执行权限,并且执行。
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# chmod 755 two-numbers.sh
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**情形一**: 未输入两个数字作为命令行参数运行脚本,你将得到下面的输出。
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#### 样例输出 ####
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# ./two-numbers.sh
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Usage - ./two-numbers.sh x y
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Where x and y are two nos for which I will print sum
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**情形二**: 当数字存在时,你会得到如图所示的结果。
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$ ./two-numbers.sh 4 5
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Sum of 4 and 5 is 9
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因此,上述shell脚本满足了问题的要求。
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### 3.你需要打印一个给定的数字的反序,如输入10572,输出27501,如果没有输入数据,应该抛出错误和使用脚本说明。在此之前,告诉我你需要在这里使用的算法。 ###
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#### 算法 ####
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1. 输入的数字为n
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2. 赋值 rev=0, sd=0 (反向和单个数字设置为0)
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3. n % 10, 将得到最左边的数字
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4. 反向数字可以用这个方法生成 rev * 10 + sd
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5. 对输入数字进行右位移操作(除以10)
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6. 如果n > 0, 进入第三步,否则进行第七步
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7. 输出rev
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现在,创建一个名为**`numbers.sh**`文件,并添加以下代码。
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#!/bin/bash
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if [ $# -ne 1 ]
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then
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echo "Usage: $0 number"
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echo " I will find reverse of given number"
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echo " For eg. $0 0123, I will print 3210"
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exit 1
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fi
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n=$1
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rev=0
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sd=0
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while [ $n -gt 0 ]
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do
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sd=`expr $n % 10`
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rev=`expr $rev \* 10 + $sd`
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n=`expr $n / 10`
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done
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echo "Reverse number is $rev"
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授予对文件的执行权限,并运行如下所示的脚本。
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# chmod 755 numbers.h
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**情形一**: 当输入不包含命令行参数,你将得到下面的输出。
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#### 样例输出 ####
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./numbers.sh
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Usage: ./numbers.sh number
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I will find reverse of given number
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For eg. ./2.sh 123, I will print 321
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**情形二**: 正常输入
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$ ./numbers.sh 10572
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Reverse number is 27501
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上面的脚本非常完美,输出正是我们需要的。
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### 4. 你应该直接用终端,而不是依靠任何shell脚本来进行实数计算。你会怎么做(比如实数7.56+2.453)? ###
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> **答案** : 我们需要用如下所述的特殊方式使用bc命令。将7.56+2.453作为输入通过管道进入bc中。
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$ echo 7.56 + 2.453 | bc
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10.013
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### 5. 你需要给出圆周率的值,精度为小数点后100位,什么是最简单的方法。 ###
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> **答案** : 找圆周率的值最简单的方法,我们只是需要发出以下命令。
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# pi 100
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3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307816406286208998628034825342117067
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很明显!安装我们必须有包**`pi`**。只用一个**apt**或**yum**命令,就能获得所需的软件包,同时用最简单方法来实现这个需求。
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就是这样。我会很快在Tecmint.com发表另一个有趣的文章。至此敬请关注。别忘了向我们提供您在的评论和反馈。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.tecmint.com/practical-interview-questions-on-linux-shell-scripting/
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译者:[MikeCoder](https://github.com/MikeCoder) 校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/category/interview-questions/ |