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Linux id 命令 - 显示用户id和组id信息
================================================================================
要登入一台计算机我们需要一个用户名。用户名是一个可以被计算机识别的身份。基于此计算机会对使用这个用户名的登陆的人应用一系列的规则。在Linux系统下我们可以使用 **id** 命令。
### 什么是 id 命令 ###
**id** 命令可以显示真实有效的用户 ID(UID) 和组 ID(GID)。UID 是对一个用户的单一身份标识。组 IDGID则对应多个UID。
### 如何使用 id 命令 ###
**id** 命令已经默认预装在大多数 Linux 系统中。要使用它只需要在你的控制台输入id。不带选项输入 id 会显示如下。结果会使用活跃用户。
$ id
![id默认输出](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/id_default.png)
#### 如何读取输出: ####
- 用户 **pungki****UID** 号码= **1000**, **GID** 号码= **1000**
- 用户 **pungki ** 是下面的组成员 :
**pungki** 的 GID 号码= **1000**
**adm** 的 GID 号码= **4**
**cdrom** 的 GID 号码= **24**
**sudo** 的 GID 号码= **27**
**dip** 的 GID 号码= **30**
**plugdev** 的 GID 号码= **46**
**lpadmin** 的 GID 号码= **108**
**sambashare** 的 GID 号码= **124**
### 带选项使用id ###
id 命令可以使用一些选项。下面有一些在日常使用中有用的选项。
#### 打印用户名、UID 和该用户所属的所有组 ####
要这么做,我们可以使用 **-a** 选项
$ id -a
![-a 选项](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/id_a.png)
#### 输出所有不同的组ID (有效的,真实的和补充的) ####
我们可以使用 **-G** 选项来实现。
$ id -G
![-G 选项](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/id_G.png)
结果只会显示 GID 号。你可以和 **/etc/group** 文件比较。下面是 **/etc/group** 文件的示例内容:
root:x:0:
daemon:x:1:
bin:x:2:
sys:x:3:
adm:x:4:pungki
fax:x:21:
voice:x:22:
cdrom:x:24:pungki
floppy:x:25:
tape:x:26:
sudo:x:27:pungki
audio:x:29:pulse
dip:x:30:pungki
www-data:x:33:
backup:x:34:
operator:x:37:
sasl:x:45:
plugdev:x:46:pungki
ssl-cert:x:107:
lpadmin:x:108:pungki
saned:x:123:
sambashare:x:124:pungki
winbindd_priv:x:125:
#### 只输出有效的组ID ####
通过使用 **-g** 选项来只输出有效组ID。
$ id -g
![-g 选项](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/id_g1.png)
#### 输出特定用户信息 ####
我们可以输出特定的用户信息相关的 UID 和 GID。只需要在 id 命令后跟上用户名。
$ id leni
![leni 用户](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/id_leni.png)
上面的命令会打印用户 **leni** 的 UID 和 GID。
### 总结 ###
当我们想知道某个用户的 UID 和 GID 时 id 命令是非常有用的。一些程序可能需要 UID/GID 来运行。id 使我们更加容易地找出用户的 UID 以 GID 而不必在 /etc/group 文件中搜寻。如往常一样,你可以在控制台输入 **man id** 进入 id 的手册页来获取更多的详情。
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via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-id-command/
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对:[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
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