6.5 KiB
translating by lujun9972 How to organize your passwords using pass password manager
Objective
Learn to organize your passwords using the "pass" password manager on linux
Requirements
- Root permissions needed to install required packages
Difficulty
EASY
Conventions
- # - requires given command to be executed with root privileges either directly as a root user or by use of
sudocommand - $ - given command to be executed as a regular non-privileged user
Introduction
If you have the good habit to never use the same password for more than one purpose, you have probably already felt the need for a password manager. There are many alternatives to choose from on linux, both proprietary (if you dare) and open source. If you, like me, think that simplicity it's the way to go, you may be interested in knowing however to use the pass utility.
First steps
Pass it's a password manager that it's really a wrapper on well trusted and useful tools that you probably already use every day, like gpg and git. Although graphical interfaces exists for it, it is designed to work from command line: therefore it will work even on headless machines.
Step 1 - installation
Pass it's easily available on the majority of linux distributions, you can obtain via package manager:
Fedora
# dnf install pass
RHEL and CentOS
Pass is not available in the official repositories, but you can obtain it from epel. To make the latter source available on CentOS7, all you have to do is:
# yum install epel-release
On Red Hat Enterprise Linux, however, the package that enables this extra source it's not available; you can download it from the official EPEL site.
Debian and Ubuntu
# apt-get install pass
Arch Linux
# pacman -S pass
Initialize the password store
Once we have pass installed, we can begin to use it and configure it. First of all, since pass relies on gpg to encrypt our passwords and store it in a secure way, we must have a gpg keypair already in place.
First thing to do is to initialize the password store: this is simply the directory where all your gpg-encrypted password will be saved. By default it will be created as a hidden directory inside your $HOME, however you can specify an alternative path, by using the PASSWORD_STORE_DIR environment variable. Let's proceed:
$ pass init
The password-store directory will be created. Now, let's try to store our first password:
$ pass edit mysite
At this point an instance of our default text editor will be opened, and all we have to do is to enter our password in it. The file will be encrypted using gpg, and stored as mysite.gpg inside the password-store directory.
Pass stores encrypted files in a directory tree, which means that we can logically group more files in subdirectories to obtain a better organization, we will just have to specify it on file creation, for example:
$ pass edit foo/bar
Just as above, this will prompt for password insertion, but the file will be created inside the foo subdirectory of the password store. To visualize the file structure, all we have to do is to use the pass command without any arguments:
$ pass
Password Store
├── foo
│ └── bar
└── mysite
Whenever we need to modify our password, we will just have to repeat the same command used to create it, as shown above.
Access the passwords
There are basically two ways we can access our password: the first one is to display it on the terminal, by using:
pass mysite
However a better way is to let pass copy it directly to the clipboard, by using the -c option:
pass -c mysite
In this case the clipboard will be cleared after 45 seconds. In both cases, a prompt will appear where you will have to insert your gpg password.
Generate passwords
Pass can also generate (and automatically store) secure passwords for us. Say we want to generate a password composed by 15 characters: alphanumeric and symbols. The command to use will be:
pass generate mysite 15
If we want our password to contain only alphanumeric characters we can use the --no-symbols option. The generated password will displayed onscreen. Alternatively, it can be copied directly to the clipboard, using the --clip or -c option. You can even generate a QR code, by using the -q or --qrcode option:
As you can see from the screenshot above, the qrcode has been generated, but since a password for mysite already existed at the time we invoked the command, pass showed a prompt to let us confirm that we want to override it.
Pass uses the /dev/urandom device as a (pseudo) random data generator to create the passwords, while it uses the xclip utility to copy them to the clipboard, and qrencode to display them as qrcodes. This modularity is, in my opinion, its greatest strength: it doesn't reinvent anything, it just wraps common used tools to reach its goal.
You can also rename, copy or delete files from the password store, respectively using the pass mv, pass cp, or pass rm commands.
Using the password store as a git repository
Another great feature of pass is that it can treat the password store as a git repository: letting us manage our password more easily, under a version control system.
pass git init
This will create the git repository, and automatically create a commit with all the existing files. The next step is to specify the remote repository to track:
pass git remote add <name> <url>
We can manage this repository just like we do with all other repository we use. The only "difference" is that every time we add or modify a password, pass will automatically add the file to the index and create a commit.
A graphical interface exists for pass, it is called qtpass and it's available also for Windows and MacOs. It's also possible to access the password store from firefox, using the PassFF extension. You will find more detailed informations on the project site. Go on an try pass, you will not regret it!
via: https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-organize-your-passwords-using-pass-password-manager
作者：Egidio Docile 译者：lujun9972 校对：校对者ID