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168 lines
5.4 KiB
Markdown
SUSE Linux – Zypper 命令示例
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================================================================================
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Zypper是SuSE Linux中用于安装，升级，卸载，管理仓库、进行各种包查询的命令行接口。本篇将会讨论zypper的几个不同命令的例子。
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语法：
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# zypper [--global-opts] <command> [--command-opts] [command-arguments]
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中括号中的部分可以不需要。执行zypper最简单的方法是输入 zypper 及 <command>。
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### 例子1：列出可用的全局选项和命令 ###
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打开终端，输入zypper并按回车，它会显示所有可用的全局选项和命令。
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linux-xa3t:~ # zypper
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### 例子2：获得zypper的某个命令的帮助 ###
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语法： zypper help [command]
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linux-xa3t:~ # zypper help remove
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remove (rm) [options] <capability> ...
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Remove packages with specified capabilities.
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A capability is NAME[.ARCH][OP<VERSION>], where OP is one of <, <=, =, >=, >.
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Command options:
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-r, --repo <alias|#|URI> Load only the specified repository.
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-t, --type <type> Type of package (package, patch, pattern, product).
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Default: package.
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-n, --name Select packages by plain name, not by capability.
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-C, --capability Select packages by capability.
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--debug-solver Create solver test case for debugging.
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-R, --no-force-resolution Do not force the solver to find solution,let it ask.
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--force-resolution Force the solver to find a solution (even an aggressive one).
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-u, --clean-deps Automatically remove unneeded dependencies.
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-U, --no-clean-deps No automatic removal of unneeded dependencies.
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-D, --dry-run Test the removal, do not actually remove.
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### 例子3：打开zypper shell/会话 ###
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linux-xa3t:~ # zypper sh
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zypper>
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或
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linux-xa3t:~ # zypper shell
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zypper>
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### 例子4：列出已定义的仓库 ###
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linux-xa3t:~ # zypper repos
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或
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linux-xa3t:~ # zypper lr
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#### 4.1) 以表格的形式列出仓库的URI ####
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#### 4.2) 以优先级列出仓库 ####
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linux-xa3t:~ # zypper lr -p
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### 例子5：刷新仓库 ###
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linux-xa3t:~ # zypper ref
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Repository 'openSUSE-13.1-Non-Oss' is up to date.
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Repository 'openSUSE-13.1-Oss' is up to date.
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Repository 'openSUSE-13.1-Update' is up to date.
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Repository 'openSUSE-13.1-Update-Non-Oss' is up to date.
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All repositories have been refreshed.
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### 例子6：修改zypper仓库 ###
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zypper仓库可以通过别名、数字或者URI或者通过‘–all、 –remote、 –local、 –medium-type’这些选项修改。
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linux-xa3t:~ # zypper mr -d 6 #禁用6号仓库
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linux-xa3t:~ # zypper mr -rk -p 70 upd #启用自动书信并为‘upd’仓库设置rpm文件‘缓存’，且设置它的优先级为70
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linux-xa3t:~ # zypper mr -Ka #为所有的仓库禁用rpm文件缓存
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linux-xa3t:~ # zypper mr -kt #为远程仓库设置rpm文件缓存
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### 例子7：添加仓库 ###
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语法： zypper addrepo 或者 zypper ar <仓库的URL或者别名>
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linux-xa3t:~ # zypper ar http://download.opensuse.org/update/13.1/ update
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Adding repository 'update' .............................................[done]
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Repository 'update' successfully added
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Enabled: Yes
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Autorefresh: No
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GPG check: Yes
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URI: http://download.opensuse.org/update/13.1/
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### 例子8：移除仓库 ###
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语法： zypper removerepo <仓库名> <别名>
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或者
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zypper rr <仓库名> <别名>
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linux-xa3t:~ # zypper rr openSUSE-13.1-1.10 openSUSE-13.1-1.10
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Removing repository 'openSUSE-13.1-1.10' ............................[done]
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Repository 'openSUSE-13.1-1.10' has been removed.
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### 例子9：安装软件包 ###
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语法： zypper install <包名> 或者 zypper in <包名>
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linux-xa3t:~ # zypper install vlc
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### 例子10：卸载软件包 ###
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语法： zypper remove <包名> 或者 zypper rm <包名>
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linux-xa3t:~ # zypper remove sqlite
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### 例子11：导出和导入仓库 ###
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导出仓库的语法 : zypper repos –export 或者 zypper lr -e
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linux-xa3t:~ # zypper lr --export repo-backup/back.repo
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Repositories have been successfully exported to repo-backup/back.repo.
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导入仓库的语法 :
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linux-xa3t:~ # zypper ar repo-backup/back.repo
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### 例子12：更新一个软件包 ###
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语法： zypper update <包名> 或者 zypper up <包名>
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linux-xa3t:~ # zypper update bash
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### 例子13：安装源码包 ###
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语法： zypper source-install <源码包> 或 zypper si <源码包>
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linux-xa3t:~ # zypper source-install zypper
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### 例子14：只安装依赖包 ###
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例子13中的命令会安装和构建特定包的依赖。如果你想要安装源码包就用-D选项
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# zypper source-install -D package_name
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只安装依赖就使用-d
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# zypper source-install -d package_name
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.linuxtechi.com/suse-linux-zypper-command-examples/
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作者：[Pradeep Kumar][a]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.linuxtechi.com/author/pradeep/ |