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227 lines
9.7 KiB
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227 lines
9.7 KiB
Markdown
硬盘监控和分析神器——Smartctl
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================================================================================
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**Smartctl**（自监控，分析和报告技术）是类Unix系统下实施SMART任务命令行套件或工具，它用于打印SMART**自检**和**错误日志**，启用并禁用SMRAT**自动检测**，以及初始化设备自检。
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Smartctl对于Linux物理服务器十分有用，在这些服务器上，可以对智能磁盘进行错误检查，并将与**硬件RAID**上相关的磁盘信息摘录下来。
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在本帖中，我们将讨论smartctl命令的一些实用样例。如果你的Linux上海没有安装smartctl，请按以下步骤来安装。
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### Ubuntu中smartctl的安装 ###
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$ sudo apt-get install smartmontools
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### Redhat / CentOS中smartctl的安装 ###
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# yum install smartmontools
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**启动Smartctl服务**
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**对于Ubuntu**
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$ sudo /etc/init.d/smartmontools start
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**对于CentOS & RHEL**
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# service smartd start ; chkconfig smartd on
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**样例：1 检查针对磁盘的Smart负载量**
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root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -i /dev/sdb
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smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
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Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
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=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
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Model Family: Seagate Momentus 5400.6
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Device Model: ST9320325AS
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Serial Number: 5VD2V59T
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LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 020a37ec4
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Firmware Version: 0002BSM1
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User Capacity: 320,072,933,376 bytes [320 GB]
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Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
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Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
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Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
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ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
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SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 1.5 Gb/s
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Local Time is: Sun Nov 16 12:32:09 2014 IST
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SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
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SMART support is: Enabled
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这里‘/dev/sdb’是你的硬盘。上面输出中的最后两行显示了SMART负载量已启用。
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**样例：2 为磁盘启用Smart负载量**
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root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -s on /dev/sdb
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smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
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Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
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=== START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===
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SMART Enabled.
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**样例：3 为磁盘禁用Smart负载量**
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root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -s off /dev/sdb
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smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
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Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
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=== START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===
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SMART Disabled. Use option -s with argument 'on' to enable it.
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**样例：4 为磁盘显示详细Smart信息**
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root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -a /dev/sdb // For IDE drive
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root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -a -d ata /dev/sdb // For SATA drive
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**样例：5 显示磁盘总体健康状况**
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root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -H /dev/sdb
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smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
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Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
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=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
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SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
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Warning: This result is based on an Attribute check.
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Please note the following marginal Attributes:
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ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
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190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 067 045 045 Old_age Always In_the_past 33 (Min/Max 25/33)
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**样例：6 使用long和short选项测试硬盘**
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**Long测试**
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root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=long /dev/sdb
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smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
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Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
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=== START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
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Sending command: "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
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Drive command "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
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Testing has begun.
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Please wait 102 minutes for test to complete.
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Test will complete after Sun Nov 16 14:29:43 2014
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Use smartctl -X to abort test.
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或者，我们可以重定向测试输出到日志文件，就像下面这样
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root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=long /dev/sdb > /var/log/long.text
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**Short测试**
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root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=short /dev/sdb
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smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
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Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
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=== START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
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Sending command: "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
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Drive command "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
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Testing has begun.
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Please wait 1 minutes for test to complete.
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Test will complete after Sun Nov 16 12:51:45 2014
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Use smartctl -X to abort test.
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或
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root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=short /dev/sdb > /var/log/short.text
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**注意**：short测试将花费最多2分钟，而在long测试中没有时间限制，因为它会读取并验证磁盘的每个段。
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**样例：7 查看驱动器的自检结果**
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root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -l selftest /dev/sdb
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smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
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Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
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=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
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SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
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Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
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# 1 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 492 210841222
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# 2 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 492 210841222
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**样例：8 计算测试时间估值**
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root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -c /dev/sdb
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smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
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Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
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=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
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General SMART Values:
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Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
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was never started.
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Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
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Self-test execution status: ( 121) The previous self-test completed having
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the read element of the test failed.
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Total time to complete Offline
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data collection: ( 0) seconds.
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Offline data collection
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capabilities: (0x73) SMART execute Offline immediate.
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Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
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Suspend Offline collection upon new
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command.
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No Offline surface scan supported.
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Self-test supported.
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Conveyance Self-test supported.
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Selective Self-test supported.
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SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
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power-saving mode.
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Supports SMART auto save timer.
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Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
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General Purpose Logging supported.
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Short self-test routine
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recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
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Extended self-test routine
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recommended polling time: ( 102) minutes.
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Conveyance self-test routine
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recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
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SCT capabilities: (0x103b) SCT Status supported.
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SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
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SCT Feature Control supported.
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SCT Data Table supported.
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**样例：9 显示磁盘错误日志**
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root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -l error /dev/sdb
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Sample Output
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smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
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Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
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=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
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SMART Error Log Version: 1
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ATA Error Count: 5
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CR = Command Register [HEX]
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FR = Features Register [HEX]
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SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
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SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
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CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
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CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
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DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
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DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
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ER = Error register [HEX]
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ST = Status register [HEX]
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Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
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DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
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SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
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Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
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CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
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-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
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25 da 08 e7 e5 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.515 READ DMA EXT
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25 da 08 df e5 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.514 READ DMA EXT
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25 da 80 5f e5 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.502 READ DMA EXT
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25 da f0 5f e6 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.496 READ DMA EXT
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25 da 10 4f e6 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.383 READ DMA EXT
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.linuxtechi.com/smartctl-monitoring-analysis-tool-hard-drive/
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作者：[Pradeep Kumar][a]
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译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.linuxtechi.com/author/pradeep/
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