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297 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
如何修补和保护 Linux 内核堆栈冲突漏洞 CVE-2017-1000364
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============================================================
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在 Linux 内核中发现了一个名为 “Stack Clash” 的严重安全问题，攻击者能够利用它来破坏内存数据并执行任意代码。攻击者可以利用这个及另一个漏洞来执行任意代码并获得管理帐户（root）权限。
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在 Linux 中该如何解决这个问题？
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[][22]
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Qualys 研究实验室在 GNU C Library（CVE-2017-1000366）的动态链接器中发现了许多问题，它们通过与 Linux 内核内的堆栈冲突来允许本地特权升级。这个 bug 影响到了 i386 和 amd64 上的 Linux、OpenBSD、NetBSD、FreeBSD 和 Solaris。攻击者可以利用它来破坏内存数据并执行任意代码。
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### 什么是 CVE-2017-1000364 bug？
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[来自 RHN][13]：
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> 在用户空间二进制文件的堆栈中分配内存的方式发现了一个缺陷。如果堆（或不同的内存区域）和堆栈内存区域彼此相邻，则攻击者可以使用此缺陷跳过堆栈保护区域，从而导致进程堆栈或相邻内存区域的受控内存损坏，从而增加其系统权限。有一个在内核中减轻这个漏洞的方法，将堆栈保护区域大小从一页增加到 1 MiB，从而使成功利用这个功能变得困难。
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[据原研究文章][14]：
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> 计算机上运行的每个程序都使用一个称为堆栈的特殊内存区域。这个内存区域是特别的，因为当程序需要更多的堆栈内存时，它会自动增长。但是，如果它增长太多，并且与另一个内存区域太接近，程序可能会将堆栈与其他内存区域混淆。攻击者可以利用这种混乱来覆盖其他内存区域的堆栈，或者反过来。
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### 受到影响的 Linux 发行版
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1. Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 5.x
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2. Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 6.x
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3. Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 7.x
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4. CentOS Linux Server 5.x
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5. CentOS Linux Server 6.x
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6. CentOS Linux Server 7.x
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7. Oracle Enterprise Linux Server 5.x
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8. Oracle Enterprise Linux Server 6.x
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9. Oracle Enterprise Linux Server 7.x
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10. Ubuntu 17.10
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11. Ubuntu 17.04
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12. Ubuntu 16.10
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13. Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
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14. Ubuntu 12.04 ESM (Precise Pangolin)
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15. Debian 9 stretch
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16. Debian 8 jessie
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17. Debian 7 wheezy
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18. Debian unstable
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19. SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 12 SP2
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20. SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability 12 SP2
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21. SUSE Linux Enterprise Live Patching 12
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22. SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 12
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23. SUSE Linux Enterprise Build System Kit 12 SP2
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24. SUSE Openstack Cloud Magnum Orchestration 7
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25. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP3-LTSS
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26. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP4
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27. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP1-LTSS
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28. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP2
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29. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for Raspberry Pi 12 SP2
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### 我需要重启我的电脑么？
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是的，由于大多数服务依赖于 GNU C Library 的动态连接器，并且内核自身需要在内存中重新加载。
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### 我该如何在 Linux 中修复 CVE-2017-1000364？
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根据你的 Linux 发行版来输入命令。你需要重启电脑。在应用补丁之前，记下你当前内核的版本：
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```
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$ uname -a
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$ uname -mrs
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```
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示例输出：
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```
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Linux 4.4.0-78-generic x86_64
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```
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### Debian 或者 Ubuntu Linux
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输入下面的 [apt 命令][15] / [apt-get 命令][16]来应用更新：
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```
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$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
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```
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示例输出：
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```
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Reading package lists... Done
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Building dependency tree
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Reading state information... Done
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Calculating upgrade... Done
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The following packages will be upgraded:
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libc-bin libc-dev-bin libc-l10n libc6 libc6-dev libc6-i386 linux-compiler-gcc-6-x86 linux-headers-4.9.0-3-amd64 linux-headers-4.9.0-3-common linux-image-4.9.0-3-amd64
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linux-kbuild-4.9 linux-libc-dev locales multiarch-support
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14 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
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Need to get 0 B/62.0 MB of archives.
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After this operation, 4,096 B of additional disk space will be used.
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Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
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Reading changelogs... Done
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Preconfiguring packages ...
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(Reading database ... 115123 files and directories currently installed.)
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Preparing to unpack .../libc6-i386_2.24-11+deb9u1_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking libc6-i386 (2.24-11+deb9u1) over (2.24-11) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../libc6-dev_2.24-11+deb9u1_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking libc6-dev:amd64 (2.24-11+deb9u1) over (2.24-11) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../libc-dev-bin_2.24-11+deb9u1_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking libc-dev-bin (2.24-11+deb9u1) over (2.24-11) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../linux-libc-dev_4.9.30-2+deb9u1_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking linux-libc-dev:amd64 (4.9.30-2+deb9u1) over (4.9.30-2) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../libc6_2.24-11+deb9u1_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking libc6:amd64 (2.24-11+deb9u1) over (2.24-11) ...
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Setting up libc6:amd64 (2.24-11+deb9u1) ...
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(Reading database ... 115123 files and directories currently installed.)
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Preparing to unpack .../libc-bin_2.24-11+deb9u1_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking libc-bin (2.24-11+deb9u1) over (2.24-11) ...
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Setting up libc-bin (2.24-11+deb9u1) ...
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(Reading database ... 115123 files and directories currently installed.)
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Preparing to unpack .../multiarch-support_2.24-11+deb9u1_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking multiarch-support (2.24-11+deb9u1) over (2.24-11) ...
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Setting up multiarch-support (2.24-11+deb9u1) ...
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(Reading database ... 115123 files and directories currently installed.)
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Preparing to unpack .../0-libc-l10n_2.24-11+deb9u1_all.deb ...
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Unpacking libc-l10n (2.24-11+deb9u1) over (2.24-11) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../1-locales_2.24-11+deb9u1_all.deb ...
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Unpacking locales (2.24-11+deb9u1) over (2.24-11) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../2-linux-compiler-gcc-6-x86_4.9.30-2+deb9u1_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking linux-compiler-gcc-6-x86 (4.9.30-2+deb9u1) over (4.9.30-2) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../3-linux-headers-4.9.0-3-amd64_4.9.30-2+deb9u1_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking linux-headers-4.9.0-3-amd64 (4.9.30-2+deb9u1) over (4.9.30-2) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../4-linux-headers-4.9.0-3-common_4.9.30-2+deb9u1_all.deb ...
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Unpacking linux-headers-4.9.0-3-common (4.9.30-2+deb9u1) over (4.9.30-2) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../5-linux-kbuild-4.9_4.9.30-2+deb9u1_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking linux-kbuild-4.9 (4.9.30-2+deb9u1) over (4.9.30-2) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../6-linux-image-4.9.0-3-amd64_4.9.30-2+deb9u1_amd64.deb ...
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Unpacking linux-image-4.9.0-3-amd64 (4.9.30-2+deb9u1) over (4.9.30-2) ...
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Setting up linux-libc-dev:amd64 (4.9.30-2+deb9u1) ...
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Setting up linux-headers-4.9.0-3-common (4.9.30-2+deb9u1) ...
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Setting up libc6-i386 (2.24-11+deb9u1) ...
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Setting up linux-compiler-gcc-6-x86 (4.9.30-2+deb9u1) ...
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Setting up linux-kbuild-4.9 (4.9.30-2+deb9u1) ...
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Setting up libc-l10n (2.24-11+deb9u1) ...
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Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.6.1-2) ...
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Setting up libc-dev-bin (2.24-11+deb9u1) ...
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Setting up linux-image-4.9.0-3-amd64 (4.9.30-2+deb9u1) ...
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/etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools:
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update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.9.0-3-amd64
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cryptsetup: WARNING: failed to detect canonical device of /dev/md0
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cryptsetup: WARNING: could not determine root device from /etc/fstab
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W: initramfs-tools configuration sets RESUME=UUID=054b217a-306b-4c18-b0bf-0ed85af6c6e1
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W: but no matching swap device is available.
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I: The initramfs will attempt to resume from /dev/md1p1
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I: (UUID=bf72f3d4-3be4-4f68-8aae-4edfe5431670)
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I: Set the RESUME variable to override this.
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/etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub:
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Searching for GRUB installation directory ... found: /boot/grub
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Searching for default file ... found: /boot/grub/default
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Testing for an existing GRUB menu.lst file ... found: /boot/grub/menu.lst
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Searching for splash image ... none found, skipping ...
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Found kernel: /boot/vmlinuz-4.9.0-3-amd64
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Found kernel: /boot/vmlinuz-3.16.0-4-amd64
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Updating /boot/grub/menu.lst ... done
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Setting up libc6-dev:amd64 (2.24-11+deb9u1) ...
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Setting up locales (2.24-11+deb9u1) ...
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Generating locales (this might take a while)...
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en_IN.UTF-8... done
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Generation complete.
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Setting up linux-headers-4.9.0-3-amd64 (4.9.30-2+deb9u1) ...
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Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.24-11+deb9u1) ...
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```
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使用 [reboot 命令][17]重启桌面/服务器：
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```
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$ sudo reboot
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```
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### Oracle/RHEL/CentOS/Scientific Linux
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输入下面的 [yum 命令][18]：
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```
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$ sudo yum update
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$ sudo reboot
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```
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### Fedora Linux
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输入下面的 dnf 命令：
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```
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$ sudo dnf update
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$ sudo reboot
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```
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### Suse Enterprise Linux 或者 Opensuse Linux
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输入下面的 zypper 命令：
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```
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$ sudo zypper patch
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$ sudo reboot
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```
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### SUSE OpenStack Cloud 6
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```
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$ sudo zypper in -t patch SUSE-OpenStack-Cloud-6-2017-996=1
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$ sudo reboot
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```
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### SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP 12-SP1
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```
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$ sudo zypper in -t patch SUSE-SLE-SAP-12-SP1-2017-996=1
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$ sudo reboot
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```
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### SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12-SP1-LTSS
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```
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$ sudo zypper in -t patch SUSE-SLE-SERVER-12-SP1-2017-996=1
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$ sudo reboot
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```
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### SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 12
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```
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$ sudo zypper in -t patch SUSE-SLE-Module-Public-Cloud-12-2017-996=1
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$ sudo reboot
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```
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### 验证
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你需要确认你的版本号在 [reboot 命令][19]之后改变了。
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```
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$ uname -a
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$ uname -r
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$ uname -mrs
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```
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示例输出：
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```
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Linux 4.4.0-81-generic x86_64
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```
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### 给 OpenBSD 用户的注意事项
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见[此页][20]获取更多信息。
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### 给 Oracle Solaris 的注意事项
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[见此页][20]获取更多信息。
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### 参考
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* [堆栈冲突][4]
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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作者简介:
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Vivek Gite
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作者是 nixCraft 的创始人，对于 Linux 操作系统/Unix shell脚本有经验丰富的系统管理员和培训师。他曾与全球客户及各行各业，包括 IT、教育、国防和空间研究以及非营利部门合作。在 [Twitter][1]、[Facebook] [2]、[Google +] [3] 上关注他。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-patch-linux-kernel-stack-clash-vulnerability-cve-2017-1000364/
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作者：[Vivek Gite][a]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://plus.google.com/+CybercitiBiz
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[1]:https://twitter.com/nixcraft
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[2]:https://facebook.com/nixcraft
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[3]:https://plus.google.com/+CybercitiBiz
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[4]:https://blog.qualys.com/securitylabs/2017/06/19/the-stack-clash
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[5]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-patch-linux-kernel-stack-clash-vulnerability-cve-2017-1000364/
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[6]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/category/centos/
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[7]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/category/debian-ubuntu/
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[8]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/category/linux/
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[9]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/category/redhat-and-friends/
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[10]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/category/security/
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[11]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/category/suse/
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[12]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/category/linux/
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[13]:https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2017-1000364
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[14]:https://blog.qualys.com/securitylabs/2017/06/19/the-stack-clash
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[15]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/ubuntu-lts-debian-linux-apt-command-examples/
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[16]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-debian-package-management-cheat-sheet.html
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[17]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-reboot-command/
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[18]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/rhel-centos-fedora-linux-yum-command-howto/
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[19]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-reboot-command/
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[20]:https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/patches/6.1/common/008_exec_subr.patch.sig
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[21]:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/alert-cve-2017-3629-3757403.html
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[22]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/faq/2017/06/the-stack-clash-on-linux-openbsd-netbsd-freebsd-solaris.jpeg
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