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106 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
106 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
Linux id 命令 - 显示用户id和组id信息
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要登入一台计算机,我们需要一个用户名。用户名是一个可以被计算机识别的身份。基于此,计算机会对使用这个用户名的登陆的人应用一系列的规则。在Linux系统下,我们可以使用 **id** 命令。
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### 什么是 id 命令 ###
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**id** 命令可以显示真实有效的用户 ID(UID) 和组 ID(GID)。UID 是对一个用户的单一身份标识。组 ID(GID)则对应多个UID。
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### 如何使用 id 命令 ###
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**id** 命令已经默认预装在大多数 Linux 系统中。要使用它,只需要在你的控制台输入id。不带选项输入 id 会显示如下。结果会使用活跃用户。
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$ id
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![id默认输出](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/id_default.png)
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#### 如何读取输出: ####
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- 用户 **pungki** 的 **UID** 号码= **1000**, **GID** 号码= **1000**
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- 用户 **pungki ** 是下面的组成员 :
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**pungki** 的 GID 号码= **1000**
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**adm** 的 GID 号码= **4**
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**cdrom** 的 GID 号码= **24**
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**sudo** 的 GID 号码= **27**
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**dip** 的 GID 号码= **30**
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**plugdev** 的 GID 号码= **46**
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**lpadmin** 的 GID 号码= **108**
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**sambashare** 的 GID 号码= **124**
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### 带选项使用id ###
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id 命令可以使用一些选项。下面有一些在日常使用中有用的选项。
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#### 打印用户名、UID 和该用户所属的所有组 ####
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要这么做,我们可以使用 **-a** 选项
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$ id -a
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![-a 选项](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/id_a.png)
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#### 输出所有不同的组ID (有效的,真实的和补充的) ####
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我们可以使用 **-G** 选项来实现。
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$ id -G
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![-G 选项](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/id_G.png)
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结果只会显示 GID 号。你可以和 **/etc/group** 文件比较。下面是 **/etc/group** 文件的示例内容:
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root:x:0:
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daemon:x:1:
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bin:x:2:
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sys:x:3:
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adm:x:4:pungki
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fax:x:21:
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voice:x:22:
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cdrom:x:24:pungki
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floppy:x:25:
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tape:x:26:
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sudo:x:27:pungki
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audio:x:29:pulse
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dip:x:30:pungki
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www-data:x:33:
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backup:x:34:
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operator:x:37:
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sasl:x:45:
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plugdev:x:46:pungki
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ssl-cert:x:107:
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lpadmin:x:108:pungki
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saned:x:123:
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sambashare:x:124:pungki
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winbindd_priv:x:125:
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#### 只输出有效的组ID ####
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通过使用 **-g** 选项来只输出有效组ID。
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$ id -g
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![-g 选项](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/id_g1.png)
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#### 输出特定用户信息 ####
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我们可以输出特定的用户信息相关的 UID 和 GID。只需要在 id 命令后跟上用户名。
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$ id leni
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![leni 用户](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/id_leni.png)
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上面的命令会打印用户 **leni** 的 UID 和 GID。
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### 总结 ###
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当我们想知道某个用户的 UID 和 GID 时 id 命令是非常有用的。一些程序可能需要 UID/GID 来运行。id 使我们更加容易地找出用户的 UID 以 GID 而不必在 /etc/group 文件中搜寻。如往常一样,你可以在控制台输入 **man id** 进入 id 的手册页来获取更多的详情。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-id-command/
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译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对:[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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