TranslateProject/translated/tech/20150205 Linux Basics--Assign Multiple IP Addresses To Single Network Interface Card On CentOS 7.md
2015-02-08 11:30:18 +08:00

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Linux 基础在CentOS 7上给一个网卡分配多个IP地址

有时你也许想要给一个网卡多个地址。你该怎么做呢另外买一个网卡来分配地址不用这么做只要在小型网络中。我们现在可以再CentOS/RHEL 7中给一个网卡分配多个ip地址。想知道怎么做么好的跟随我这并不难。

首先让我们找到网卡的IP地址。在我的CentOS 7服务器中我只使用了一个网卡。

用root特权运行下面的命令

ip addr

示例输出:

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:80:63:19 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.1.150/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

如上所见我的网卡名是enp0s3ip地址是192.168.1.150。

如你所知,网卡的配置文件存储在 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ 目录下。每个网卡的详细内容将会以不同的名字存储,比如ifcfg-enp0s3

让我们看下ifcfg-enp0s3的细节。

cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3

示例输出:

TYPE="Ethernet"
BOOTPROTO="none"
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
NAME="enp0s3"
UUID="e9f9caef-cb9e-4a19-aace-767c6ee6f849"
ONBOOT="yes"
HWADDR="08:00:27:80:63:19"
IPADDR0="192.168.1.150"
PREFIX0="24"
GATEWAY0="192.168.1.1"
DNS1="192.168.1.1"
IPV6_PEERDNS="yes"
IPV6_PEERROUTES="yes"

好的,现在我们将在相同的子网中分配多个地址了。

编辑文件 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3

vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3

像下面那样加入额外的IP地址。

TYPE="Ethernet"
BOOTPROTO="none"
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
NAME="enp0s3"
UUID="933cdc9b-b383-4ddd-b219-5a72c69c9cf0"
ONBOOT="yes"
HWADDR="08:00:27:3F:AB:68"
IPADDR0="192.168.1.150"
IPADDR1="192.168.1.151"
IPADDR2="192.168.1.152"
PREFIX0="24"
GATEWAY0="192.168.1.1"
DNS1="192.168.1.1"
IPV6_PEERDNS="yes"
IPV6_PEERROUTES="yes"

如你所见我已经加了两个IP地址IPADDR1=”192.168.1.151″ & IPADDR2=”192.168.1.152″

类似地你可以加入更多的ip地址。

Finally, save and close the file. Restart network service to take effect the changes. 最后,保存并退出文件。重启网络服务来使更改生效。

systemctl restart network

现在让我们检查是否已经加入了ip地址。

ip addr

示例输出:

: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:3f:ab:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.1.150/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.1.151/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global secondary enp0s3
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.1.152/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global secondary enp0s3
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe3f:ab68/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

如你所见单个网卡已经有3个ip地址了。

让我们ping一下新增的IP地址

ping -c 4 192.168.1.151

示例输出:

PING 192.168.1.151 (192.168.1.151) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.151: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.048 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.151: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.075 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.151: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.077 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.151: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.077 ms

--- 192.168.1.151 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 2999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.048/0.069/0.077/0.013 ms

ping -c 4 192.168.1.152

示例输出:

PING 192.168.1.152 (192.168.1.152) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.152: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.034 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.152: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.075 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.152: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.073 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.152: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.075 ms

--- 192.168.1.152 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 2999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.034/0.064/0.075/0.018 ms

如果你想要使用不同的子网,你要改变PREFIX0=24成不同的子网,比如 PREFIX1=16

比如我想要添加一个A类地址*比如10.0.0.1)到我的网卡中。

TYPE="Ethernet"
BOOTPROTO="none"
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
NAME="enp0s3"
UUID="933cdc9b-b383-4ddd-b219-5a72c69c9cf0"
ONBOOT="yes"
HWADDR="08:00:27:3F:AB:68"
IPADDR0="192.168.1.150"
IPADDR1="192.168.1.151"
IPADDR2="192.168.1.152"
IPADDR3="10.0.0.1"
PREFIX0="24"
PREFIX1=16
GATEWAY0="192.168.1.1"
DNS1="192.168.1.1"
IPV6_PEERDNS="yes"
IPV6_PEERROUTES="yes"

你可以看到我已经添加一个A类地址(10.0.0.1)并且前缀是16

保存并退出文件。重启网络服务,

接着ping新增的地址

ping -c 4 10.0.0.1

示例输出:

PING 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.097 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.073 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.074 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.075 ms

--- 10.0.0.1 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.073/0.079/0.097/0.014 ms

相似地,你可以添加不同的网关。

就是这样。


via: http://www.unixmen.com/linux-basics-assign-multiple-ip-addresses-single-network-interface-card-centos-7/

作者:SK 译者:geekpi 校对:校对者ID

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