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How to use/run bash aliases over ssh based session
SSH client (ssh) is a Linux/Unix command for logging into a remote server and for executing shell commands on a remote system. It is designed to provide secure encrypted communications between two untrusted machines over an insecure network such as the Internet.
How to run or execute commands with Linux ssh client
I have set up a bash alias named file_repl . It works entirely when I log in using ssh command. However, my bash aliases are not running over ssh, for example:How do I run bash shell aliases when I use ssh command?SSH client (ssh) is a Linux/Unix command for logging into a remote server and for executing shell commands on a remote system. It is designed to provide secure encrypted communications between two untrusted machines over an insecure network such as the Internet.
To run a free command or date command with ssh:
$ ssh [[email protected]][3] date
Sample outputs:
Tue Dec 26 09:02:50 UTC 2017
OR
$ ssh [[email protected]][3] free -h
Sample outputs:
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 2.0G 428M 138M 145M 1.4G 1.1G
Swap: 0B 0B 0B
total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 2.0G 428M 138M 145M 1.4G 1.1G Swap: 0B 0B 0B
Understanding bash shall and command types
The bash shell understands the following types of commands:
- Aliases such as ll
- Keywords such as if
- Functions (user defined functions such as genpasswd)
- Built in such as pwd
- Files such as /bin/date
The type command or command command can be used to find out a command type:
$ type -a date
date is /bin/date
$ type -a free
free is /usr/bin/free
$ command -V pwd
pwd is a shell builtin
$ type -a file_repl
is aliased to `sudo -i /shared/takes/master.replication'
Both date and free are an external commands and file_repl is aliased to sudo -i /shared/takes/master.replication. One can not simply execute aliased command such as file_repl:
$ ssh user@remote file_repl
Bash aliases not running or working over ssh client on Unix based system
To solve this problem run ssh command as follows:
$ ssh -t [[email protected]][3] /bin/bash -ic 'your-alias-here'
$ ssh -t [[email protected]][3] /bin/bash -ic 'file_repl'
Where ssh command options:
- -t : Force pseudo-terminal allocation. This can be used to execute arbitrary screen-based programs on a remote machine, which can be very useful. With the -t option you will get an error that read as " bash: cannot set terminal process group (-1): Inappropriate ioctl for device. bash: no job control in this shell. "
Where bash shell options:
- -i : Make the shell is interactive so that it can run bash aliases
- -c : Commands are read from the first non-option argument command_string. If there are arguments after the command_string, they are assigned to the positional parameters, starting with $0.
In short run the following command to run a bash aliases called ll:
$ ssh -t [[email protected]][3] -ic 'll'
Sample session:
Here is my sample shell script:
#!/bin/bash
I="tags.deleted.410"
O="/tmp/https.www.cyberciti.biz.410.url.conf"
box="vivek@server1.cyberciti.biz"
[ ! -f "$I" ] && { echo "$I file not found."; exit 10; }
>$O
cat "$I" | sort | uniq | while read -r u
do
uu="${u##https://www.cyberciti.biz}"
echo "~^$uu 1;" >>"${O}"
done
echo "Config file created at ${O} and now updating remote nginx config file"
scp "${O}" ${box}:/tmp/
ssh ${box} /usr/bin/lxc file push /tmp/https.www.cyberciti.biz.410.url.conf nginx-container/etc/nginx/
ssh -t ${box} /bin/bash -ic 'push_config_job'
References
For more info see OpenSSH client and bash man page by typing the following commands:
$ man ssh
$ man bash
$ help type
$ help command
via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/use-bash-aliases-ssh-based-session/
作者：Vivek Gite 译者：译者ID 校对：校对者ID