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44 lines
3.0 KiB
Markdown
Linux FAQs with Answers--How to set a custom HTTP header in curl
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> **Question**: I am trying to fetch a URL with curl command, but want to set a few custom header fields in the outgoing HTTP request. How can I use a custom HTTP header with curl?
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curl is a powerful command-line tool that can transfer data to and from a server over network. It supports a number of transfer protocols, notably HTTP/HTTPS, and many others such as FTP/FTPS, RTSP, POP3/POP3S, SCP, IMAP/IMAPS, etc. When you send out an HTTP request for a URL with curl, it uses a default HTTP header with only essential header fields (e.g., User-Agent, Host, and Accept).
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In some cases, however, you may want to override the default header or even add a custom header field in an HTTP request. For example, you may want to override "Host" field to test a [load balancer][1], or spoof "User-Agent" string to get around browser-specific access restriction. In other cases, you may be accessing a website which requires a specific cookie, or testing a REST-ful API with various custom parameters in the header.
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To handle all these cases, curl provides an easy way to fully control the HTTP header of outgoing HTTP requests. The parameter you want to use is "-H" or equivalently "--header".
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The "-H" option can be specified multiple times with curl command to define more than one HTTP header fields.
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For example, the following command sets three HTTP header fields, i.e., overriding "Host" field, and add two fields ("Accept-Language" and "Cookie").
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$ curl -H 'Host: 157.166.226.25' -H 'Accept-Language: es' -H 'Cookie: ID=1234' http://cnn.com
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For standard HTTP header fields such as "User-Agent", "Cookie", "Host", there is actually another way to setting them. The curl command offers designated options for setting these header fields:
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- **-A (or --user-agent)**: set "User-Agent" field.
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- **-b (or --cookie)**: set "Cookie" field.
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- **-e (or --referer)**: set "Referer" field.
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For example, the following two commands are equivalent. Both of them change "User-Agent" string in the HTTP header.
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$ curl -H "User-Agent: my browser" http://cnn.com
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$ curl -A "my browser" http://cnn.com
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wget is another command-line tool which you can use to fetch a URL similar to curl, and wget also allows you to use a custom HTTP header. Check out [this post][2] for details on wget command.
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via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/custom-http-header-curl.html
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://xmodulo.com/haproxy-http-load-balancer-linux.html
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[2]:http://xmodulo.com/how-to-use-custom-http-headers-with-wget.html |