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208 lines
9.7 KiB
Markdown
208 lines
9.7 KiB
Markdown
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: ( )
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (topgrade – Upgrade/Update Everything In Single Command On Linux?)
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[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/topgrade-upgrade-update-everything-in-single-command-on-linux/)
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[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
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topgrade – Upgrade/Update Everything In Single Command On Linux?
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======
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As a Linux administrator, you have to keep your system up-to-date to get ride out from some unexpected issues.
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We have to keep the system with latest patches as part of best practices.
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To do so, you need to perform the patching activity at least once in a month.
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Most of the time you have to reboot the server after patching to activate the latest kernel.
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It’s good to reboot the server at least 90-120 days once that will fix some outstanding issue which we already having.
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If you have a single system then we can directly login to the system and do perform the patching that is not a big deal.
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Even, if you have few of servers with the same flavor then you can perform the patching with help of shell script.
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If you have high number of servers then i would advise you to go with any of the parallel utility, which will help us to perform the patching in parallel.
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It will save a lot’s of time compared with shell script as this go with sequential order.
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how to patch all togeter if you have servers with multiple flavors? What will be the solution ?
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I recently came to know the utility called `topgrade` that can fulfill your requirement.
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Also, your distribution package manager doesn’t upgrade the packages which was installed with other package managers such as pip, npm, snap, etc,. but topgrade can fix this issue as well.
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### What Is topgrade?
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[topgrade][1] is a new tool that will upgrade all the installed packages on your system to latest available version by detecting and running the appropriate package managers.
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### How To Install topgrade In Linux?
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There is no separate package manager for distributions wise. Hence, you need to install topgrade with help of cargo package manager.
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The topgrade is available in AUR. So, use one of the **[AUR helper][2]** to install it on Arch-based systems. I prefer to go with **[Yay helper][3]** program.
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```
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$ yay -S topgrade
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```
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Once you have installed the **[cargo package manager][4]** , use the following command to install it.
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```
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$ cargo install topgrade
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```
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Once topgrade is initiated, it will perform the following tasks one by one.
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* Try to self-upgrade if any updated is available for topgrade.
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* Arch: Run yay or fall back to pacman
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* CentOS/RHEL: Run yum upgrade
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* Fedora: Run dnf upgrade
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* Debian/Ubuntu: Run apt update && apt dist-upgrade
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* openSUSE: Run zypper refresh && zypper dist-upgrade
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* Upgrade Vim/Neovim packages.
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* Run npm update -g if NPM is installed
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* Upgrade Atom packages
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* Linux: Update Flatpak packages
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* Linux: Update snap packages
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* Linux: Run fwupdmgr to show firmware upgrade.
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* Finally it will run needrestart to bounce all the services.
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Now, we have successfully installed `topgrade` so, run the topgrade alone to upgrade everything on your system. I have tested the utility on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS and the results are below.
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```
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$ topgrade
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―― System update ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
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[sudo] password for daygeek:
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Hit:1 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease
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Get:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease [88.7 kB]
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Get:3 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease [88.7 kB]
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Get:4 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease [74.6 kB]
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.
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Get:16 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [45.2 kB]
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Get:17 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security/multiverse amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [2,460 B]
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Fetched 1,565 kB in 13s (117 kB/s)
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Reading package lists... Done
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Building dependency tree
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Reading state information... Done
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119 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
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Reading package lists... Done
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Building dependency tree
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Reading state information... Done
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Calculating upgrade... Done
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The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
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libopts25 linux-headers-4.15.0-45 linux-headers-4.15.0-45-generic linux-image-4.15.0-45-generic
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linux-modules-4.15.0-29-generic linux-modules-4.15.0-45-generic linux-modules-extra-4.15.0-45-generic sntp
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Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
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The following packages will be upgraded:
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apport apport-gtk apt apt-utils cups cups-bsd cups-client cups-common cups-core-drivers cups-daemon cups-ipp-utils
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cups-ppdc cups-server-common distro-info-data fwupdate fwupdate-signed gir1.2-dbusmenu-glib-0.4 gir1.2-gtk-3.0
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gir1.2-packagekitglib-1.0 gir1.2-snapd-1 gnome-settings-daemon gnome-settings-daemon-schemas grub-common grub-pc
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python3-httplib2 python3-problem-report samba-libs systemd systemd-sysv ubuntu-drivers-common udev ufw
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unattended-upgrades xdg-desktop-portal xdg-desktop-portal-gtk
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119 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
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Need to get 38.5 MB of archives.
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After this operation, 475 kB of additional disk space will be used.
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Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
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.
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.
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Setting up grub-pc (2.02-2ubuntu8.13) ...
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Installing for i386-pc platform.
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Installation finished. No error reported.
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Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
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Generating grub configuration file ...
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Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf
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Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
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done
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Setting up mesa-vdpau-drivers:amd64 (18.2.8-0ubuntu0~18.04.2) ...
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Updating PPD files for cups ...
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Setting up apport-gtk (2.20.9-0ubuntu7.6) ...
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Setting up pulseaudio-module-bluetooth (1:11.1-1ubuntu7.2) ...
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Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
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Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.130ubuntu3.7) ...
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update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-47-generic
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```
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It will run the self-updates once the distribution official packages update done.
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```
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―― rustup ―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
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info: checking for self-updates
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info: syncing channel updates for 'stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
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info: checking for self-updates
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stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu unchanged - rustc 1.33.0 (2aa4c46cf 2019-02-28)
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```
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Then it will try to update the packages that has installed with other package managers.
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```
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―― Flatpak User Packages ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
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Looking for updates...
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Looking for updates...
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Updating in system:
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org.gnome.Platform/x86_64/3.30 flathub 862e6b8ec2b5
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org.gnome.Platform.Locale/x86_64/3.30 flathub 5e66e981ae00
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org.freedesktop.Platform.html5-codecs/x86_64/18.08 flathub 282fd2c4ef33
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com.github.muriloventuroso.easyssh/x86_64/stable flathub c6bc3a3e72fb
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new permissions: ssh-auth
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com.github.muriloventuroso.easyssh.Locale/x86_64/stable flathub b705864b8d78
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Updating: org.gnome.Platform/x86_64/3.30 from flathub
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[####################] 16 delta parts, 10 loose fetched; 65539 KiB transferred in 63 seconds
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Error: Failed to update org.gnome.Platform/x86_64/3.30: Flatpak system operation Deploy not allowed for user
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Skipping org.gnome.Platform.Locale/x86_64/3.30 due to previous error
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Skipping org.freedesktop.Platform.html5-codecs/x86_64/18.08 due to previous error
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Updating: com.github.muriloventuroso.easyssh/x86_64/stable from flathub
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[####################] 2 delta parts, 3 loose fetched; 1532 KiB transferred in 5 seconds
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Error: Failed to update com.github.muriloventuroso.easyssh/x86_64/stable: Flatpak system operation Deploy not allowed for user
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Skipping com.github.muriloventuroso.easyssh.Locale/x86_64/stable due to previous error
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error: There were one or more errors
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Retry? [y/N]
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```
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Then it will run the firmwre upgrade.
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```
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―― Firmware upgrades ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
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Fetching metadata https://cdn.fwupd.org/downloads/firmware.xml.gz
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Downloading… [***************************************]
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Fetching signature https://cdn.fwupd.org/downloads/firmware.xml.gz.asc
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```
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Finally, it shows the summary about the patching has done.
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```
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―― Summary ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
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System update: OK
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rustup: OK
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Flatpak User Packages: FAILED
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Firmware upgrade: OK
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```
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.2daygeek.com/topgrade-upgrade-update-everything-in-single-command-on-linux/
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作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://github.com/r-darwish/topgrade
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[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/category/aur-helper/
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[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/install-yay-yet-another-yogurt-aur-helper-on-arch-linux/
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[4]: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-install-rust-programming-language-in-linux/
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