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167 lines
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167 lines
6.6 KiB
Markdown
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
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[#]: publisher: (wxy)
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[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-11535-1.html)
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[#]: subject: (How to Enable EPEL Repository on CentOS 8 and RHEL 8 Server)
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[#]: via: (https://www.linuxtechi.com/enable-epel-repo-centos8-rhel8-server/)
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[#]: author: (Pradeep Kumar https://www.linuxtechi.com/author/pradeep/)
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如何在 CentOS 8 和 RHEL 8 服务器上启用 EPEL 仓库
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======
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EPEL 代表 “Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux”，它是一个自由开源的附加软件包仓库，可用于 CentOS 和 RHEL 服务器。顾名思义，EPEL 仓库提供了额外的软件包，这些软件在 [CentOS 8][1] 和 [RHEL 8][2] 的默认软件包仓库中不可用。
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在本文中，我们将演示如何在 CentOS 8 和 RHEL 8 服务器上启用和使用 EPEL 存储库。
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### EPEL 仓库的先决条件
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* 最小化安装的 CentOS 8 和 RHEL 8 服务器
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* root 或 sudo 管理员权限
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* 网络连接
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### 在 RHEL 8.x 服务器上安装并启用 EPEL 仓库
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登录或 SSH 到你的 RHEL 8.x 服务器，并执行以下 `dnf` 命令来安装 EPEL rpm 包，
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```
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[root@linuxtechi ~]# dnf install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm -y
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```
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上面命令的输出将如下所示，
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![dnf-install-epel-repo-rehl8][5]
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EPEL rpm 包成功安装后，它将自动启用并配置其 yum/dnf 仓库。运行以下 `dnf` 或 `yum` 命令，以验证是否启用了 EPEL 仓库，
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```
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[root@linuxtechi ~]# dnf repolist epel
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或者
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[root@linuxtechi ~]# dnf repolist epel -v
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```
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![epel-repolist-rhel8][6]
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### 在 CentOS 8.x 服务器上安装并启用 EPEL 仓库
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登录或 SSH 到你的 CentOS 8 服务器，并执行以下 `dnf` 或 `yum` 命令来安装 `epel-release` rpm 软件包。在 CentOS 8 服务器中，EPEL rpm 在其默认软件包仓库中。
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```
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[root@linuxtechi ~]# dnf install epel-release -y
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或者
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[root@linuxtechi ~]# yum install epel-release -y
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```
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执行以下命令来验证 CentOS 8 服务器上 EPEL 仓库的状态，
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```
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[root@linuxtechi ~]# dnf repolist epel
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Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:03 ago on Sun 13 Oct 2019 04:18:05 AM BST.
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repo id repo name status
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*epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64 1,977
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[root@linuxtechi ~]#
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[root@linuxtechi ~]# dnf repolist epel -v
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……………………
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Repo-id : epel
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Repo-name : Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64
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Repo-status : enabled
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Repo-revision: 1570844166
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Repo-updated : Sat 12 Oct 2019 02:36:32 AM BST
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Repo-pkgs : 1,977
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Repo-size : 2.1 G
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Repo-metalink: https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-8&arch=x86_64&infra=stock&content=centos
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Updated : Sun 13 Oct 2019 04:28:24 AM BST
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Repo-baseurl : rsync://repos.del.extreme-ix.org/epel/8/Everything/x86_64/ (34 more)
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Repo-expire : 172,800 second(s) (last: Sun 13 Oct 2019 04:28:24 AM BST)
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Repo-filename: /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
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Total packages: 1,977
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[root@linuxtechi ~]#
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```
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以上命令的输出说明我们已经成功启用了 EPEL 仓库。让我们在 EPEL 仓库上执行一些基本操作。
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### 列出 EPEL 仓库种所有可用包
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如果要列出 EPEL 仓库中的所有的软件包，请运行以下 `dnf` 命令，
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```
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[root@linuxtechi ~]# dnf repository-packages epel list
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……………
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Last metadata expiration check: 0:38:18 ago on Sun 13 Oct 2019 04:28:24 AM BST.
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Installed Packages
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epel-release.noarch 8-6.el8 @epel
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Available Packages
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BackupPC.x86_64 4.3.1-2.el8 epel
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BackupPC-XS.x86_64 0.59-3.el8 epel
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CGSI-gSOAP.x86_64 1.3.11-7.el8 epel
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CGSI-gSOAP-devel.x86_64 1.3.11-7.el8 epel
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Field3D.x86_64 1.7.2-16.el8 epel
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Field3D-devel.x86_64 1.7.2-16.el8 epel
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GraphicsMagick.x86_64 1.3.33-1.el8 epel
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GraphicsMagick-c++.x86_64 1.3.33-1.el8 epel
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…………………………
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zabbix40-web-mysql.noarch 4.0.12-1.el8 epel
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zabbix40-web-pgsql.noarch 4.0.12-1.el8 epel
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zerofree.x86_64 1.1.1-3.el8 epel
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zimg.x86_64 2.8-4.el8 epel
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zimg-devel.x86_64 2.8-4.el8 epel
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zstd.x86_64 1.4.2-1.el8 epel
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zvbi.x86_64 0.2.35-9.el8 epel
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zvbi-devel.x86_64 0.2.35-9.el8 epel
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zvbi-fonts.noarch 0.2.35-9.el8 epel
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[root@linuxtechi ~]#
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```
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### 从 EPEL 仓库中搜索软件包
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假设我们要搜索 EPEL 仓库中的 Zabbix 包，请执行以下 `dnf` 命令，
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```
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[root@linuxtechi ~]# dnf repository-packages epel list | grep -i zabbix
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```
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上面命令的输出类似下面这样，
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![epel-repo-search-package-centos8][7]
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### 从 EPEL 仓库安装软件包
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假设我们要从 EPEL 仓库安装 htop 包，运行以下 `dnf` 命令，
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语法：
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```
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# dnf –enablerepo=”epel” install <包名>
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```
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```
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[root@linuxtechi ~]# dnf --enablerepo="epel" install htop -y
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```
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注意：如果我们在上面的命令中未指定 `–enablerepo=epel`，那么它将在所有可用的软件包仓库中查找 htop 包。
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本文就是这些内容了，我希望上面的步骤能帮助你在 CentOS 8 和 RHEL 8 服务器上启用并配置 EPEL 仓库，请在下面的评论栏分享你的评论和反馈。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.linuxtechi.com/enable-epel-repo-centos8-rhel8-server/
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作者：[Pradeep Kumar][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/author/pradeep/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/centos-8-installation-guide-screenshots/
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[2]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/install-configure-kvm-on-rhel-8/
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[3]: data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7
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[4]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/EPEL-Repo-CentOS8-RHEL8.jpg
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[5]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/dnf-install-epel-repo-rehl8.jpg
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[6]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/epel-repolist-rhel8.jpg
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[7]: https://www.linuxtechi.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/epel-repo-search-package-centos8.jpg
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