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Linux有问必答时间--怎样解决“XXX is not in the sudoers file”错误
问题:我想在我的Linux系统上使用sudo来运行一些特权命令，然而当我试图这么做时，我却得到了"[我的用户ID] is not in the sudoers file. This incident will be reported."的错误信息。我该怎么处理这种sudo错误呢？
sudo是一个允许特定的用户组用另一个用户(典型的代表是root)的特权来运行一个命令。sudo有详细的日志功能并且提供了细粒度控制来覆盖用户通过sudo敲入的命令。
Sudo vs. Su
su命令也提供了同样的特权升级功能，两者不同的是它们认证过程和特权变化的粒度。su允许你从你的登录会话切换到另一个用户的会话，然后你可以随心所欲地用该用户的特权来运行任何程序，但是你需要知道目标用户的密码才能切换这个用户。另一方面，sudo能在每个命令的基础上工作，允许你用root的特权来运行单个命令。用sudo你不必一定要知道root的密码，但是在提示输入sudo密码的时候要输入你的密码。
在Sudoers列表里添加用户
As a new user, if you attempt to run sudo command, you will encounter the following error. This means that you are not in the sudoers list which contains a group of users who are authorized to use sudo.
[my-user-id] is not in the sudoers file. This incident will be reported.
There are two ways to add you to sudoers list.
Metho One
The first method is to add you to the Linux group named sudo. This special Linux group is pre-configured to be able to use sudo. Thus once you are in the group, you can run sudo command.
The following command will add you to sudo Linux group. Make sure to run the command as the root.
# adduser <username> sudo
Now confirm that your group membership has been updated. Use groups command to see a list of groups you currently belong to. The list must include sudo group.
$ groups
alice adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev fuse lpadmin netdev sambashare davfs2 libvirtd docker promiscuous
he group membership change (and sudo access) will be activated once you log out and log back in.
Metho Two
The second method to enable you to use sudo is to add yourself to /etc/sudoers configuration file directly.
To change /etc/sudoers file, you can use a special sudo editor command called visudo. Simply invoke the following command as the root.
# visudo
This will open up /etc/sudoers file for editing. Append the following line to the end of the file, and press Ctrl+X. When prompted, save the change, and exit.
<username> ALL=(ALL) ALL
This change will be effective immediately, and you will be able to use sudo right away.
via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/fix-is-not-in-the-sudoers-file.html