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Linux script命令 —— 终端里的记录器

当你在终端或者控制台工作时你可能想要记录在终端中所做的一切。这些记录可以用来当作史料保存终端所发生的一切。比如说你和一些Linux管理员们同时管理着相同的机器或者你让某人远程登陆到了你的服务器上你可能记录想要终端里发生的一切。要实现这个目标你可以使用script命令。

script是什么

scirpt就是一个命令可以制作一份记录输出到终端的记录。对于那些想要真实记录终端会话的人来说这很有用。该记录可以保存并在以后再打印出来。

怎么用

默认情况下我们可以通过在终端中输入script来启动scirpt命令。

pungki@dev-machine:~$ script
Script started, file is typescript
pungki@dev-machine:~$

你也可以指定目标文件名来记录打印结果。

pungki@dev-machine:~$ script myfile

Define script file

当你再次见到命令提示符,这意味着终端将记录打印到终端的任何东西。

你会看到当前目录有个名为myscript的文件。LCTT译注此处原文有误。这里指定了记录文件名为myfile而不是默认的 typescript。

为什么我们要用script命令

因为在之前已经提到过script命令的主要功能是记录所有的东西。下面给出了两个使用该命令的场景。

和同事共事时

当和同事一起工作时我们可以通过script来记录你的活动。

比如,我们会使用名为collaborate的打印文件,来完成打印:

$ script collaborate

Create collaborate file

然后,在完成一些任务后,假如你需要把你干的活发给另外一个工程师,那就把那文件发给他。所以当另外一个工程师需要复查所做的事情,他只要用文本编辑器打开这个文件就行了。

如果他想要更新该文件(以增加他的工作部分),可以使用**-a**选项。

$ script -a collaborate

Append the file

记录某人在终端中的所作所为

你可能让你的工程师或者某个人远程访问你的系统要确保你的工程师正在干正确的事你可以记录下他在你系统上的所作所为。要让script命令在登录时自动运行我们可以把它添加进shell环境配置文件中。如果你正在使用bash shell把这一行加进你的bash环境配置文件中。

$ vi ~/.profile

# run the script command to record everything
# use -q for quite and -a option to append the script
#
/usr/bin/script -qa /usr/local/script/log_record_script

Add script to bash profile

然后保存。下次他登录进你的系统时script命令就会自动运行并把日志记录进**/usr/local/script/log_record_script**。

Script without notification

-q选项可以让scirpt命令以静默模式运行登录进来的用户不会知道script命令已经运行了。而**-a**选项将会让记录附加到文件中,而不会擦除先前的记录。

如果不使用**-q**选项,那么当用户登录进来时,他会收到像下图中这样的通知。

Script with notification

退出记录

要退出记录活动,我们可以在终端中按下Ctrl+D,或者输入exit。在退出script前你会发现记录文件的大小为0 Kb而在退出之后文件大小会发生改变。

结尾

Script命令在你需要记录或者存档终端活动时可能很有用记录文件会存储为文本文件所以可以很方便地用文本编辑器打开。跟平常一样我们都可以通过输入man script或者scirpt -h来显示帮助页并查看更多详细用法。


via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/script-command-recorder/

译者:GOLinux 校对:wxy

本文由 LCTT 原创翻译,Linux中国 荣誉推出