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219 lines
8.2 KiB
Markdown
如何在 RHEL 中使用订阅管理器启用软件仓库
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======
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> 了解如何在 RHEL 中使用订阅管理器来启用软件仓库。 这篇文章还包括了将系统注册到 Red Hat 的步骤、添加订阅和发生错误时的解决方案。
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![Enable repository using subscription-manager][1]
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在本文中，我们将逐步介绍如何在刚安装的 RHEL 服务器中启用 Red Hat 软件仓库。
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可以利用 `subscription-manager` 命令启用软件仓库，如下所示：
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```
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root@kerneltalks # subscription-manager repos --enable rhel-6-server-rhv-4-agent-beta-debug-rpms
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Error: 'rhel-6-server-rhv-4-agent-beta-debug-rpms' does not match a valid repository ID. Use "subscription-manager repos --list" to see valid repositories.
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```
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当您的订阅没有配置好时，您会看到上述错误。让我们一步一步地通过 `subscription-manager` 来启用软件仓库。
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### 步骤 1：使用 Red Hat 注册您的系统
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这里假设您已经安装了新系统并且尚未在 Red Hat 上注册。如果您已经注册了该系统，那么您可以忽略此步骤。
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您可以使用下面的命令来检查您的系统是否已在 Red Hat 注册了该订阅：
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```
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# subscription-manager version
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server type: This system is currently not registered.
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subscription management server: Unknown
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subscription management rules: Unknown
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subscription-manager: 1.18.10-1.el6
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python-rhsm: 1.18.6-1.el6
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```
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在这里输出的第一行中，您可以看到该系统未注册。那么，让我们开始注册系统。您需要在 `subscription-manager` 命令中使用 `register` 选项。在这一步需要使用您的 Red Hat 帐户凭证。
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```
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root@kerneltalks # subscription-manager register
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Registering to: subscription.rhsm.redhat.com:443/subscription
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Username: admin@kerneltalks.com
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Password:
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Network error, unable to connect to server. Please see /var/log/rhsm/rhsm.log for more information.
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```
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如果您遇到上述错误，那么表明您的服务器无法连接到 RedHat。检查您的网络连接，或者您能[解决网站名称解析的问题][2]。有时候，即使你能够 ping 通订阅服务器，你也会看到这个错误。这可能是因为您的环境中有代理服务器。在这种情况下，您需要将其详细信息添加到文件 `/etc/rhsm/rhsm.conf` 中。以下详细的代理信息应根据你的环境填充：
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```
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# an http proxy server to use
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proxy_hostname =
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# port for http proxy server
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proxy_port =
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# user name for authenticating to an http proxy, if needed
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proxy_user =
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# password for basic http proxy auth, if needed
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proxy_password =
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```
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一旦你完成了这些，通过使用下面的命令重新检查 `subscription-manager` 是否获得了新的代理信息：
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```
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root@kerneltalks # subscription-manager config
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[server]
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hostname = [subscription.rhsm.redhat.com]
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insecure = [0]
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port = [443]
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prefix = [/subscription]
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proxy_hostname = [kerneltalksproxy.abc.com]
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proxy_password = [asdf]
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proxy_port = [3456]
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proxy_user = [user2]
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server_timeout = [180]
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ssl_verify_depth = [3]
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[rhsm]
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baseurl = [https://cdn.redhat.com]
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ca_cert_dir = [/etc/rhsm/ca/]
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consumercertdir = [/etc/pki/consumer]
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entitlementcertdir = [/etc/pki/entitlement]
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full_refresh_on_yum = [0]
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manage_repos = [1]
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pluginconfdir = [/etc/rhsm/pluginconf.d]
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plugindir = [/usr/share/rhsm-plugins]
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productcertdir = [/etc/pki/product]
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repo_ca_cert = /etc/rhsm/ca/redhat-uep.pem
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report_package_profile = [1]
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[rhsmcertd]
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autoattachinterval = [1440]
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certcheckinterval = [240]
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[logging]
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default_log_level = [INFO]
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[] - Default value in use
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```
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现在，请尝试重新注册您的系统。
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```
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root@kerneltalks # subscription-manager register
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Registering to: subscription.rhsm.redhat.com:443/subscription
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Username: admin@kerneltalks.com
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Password:
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You must first accept Red Hat's Terms and conditions. Please visit https://www.redhat.com/wapps/tnc/termsack?event[]=signIn . You may have to log out of and back into the Customer Portal in order to see the terms.
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```
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如果您是第一次将服务器添加到 Red Hat 帐户，您将看到上述错误。转到该 [URL][3]并接受条款。回到终端，然后再试一次。
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```
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oot@kerneltalks # subscription-manager register
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Registering to: subscription.rhsm.redhat.com:443/subscription
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Username: admin@kerneltalks.com
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Password:
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The system has been registered with ID: xxxxb2-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xx8e199xxx
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```
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Bingo！系统现在已在 Red Hat 上注册。你可以再次用 `version` 选项来验证它。
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```
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#subscription-managerversionservertype:RedHatSubscriptionManagementsubscriptionmanagementserver:2.0.43-1subscriptionmanagementrules:5.26subscription-manager:1.18.10-1.el6python-rhsm:1.18.6-1.el6" decode="true" ]root@kerneltalks # subscription-manager version
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server type: Red Hat Subscription Management
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subscription management server: 2.0.43-1
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subscription management rules: 5.26
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subscription-manager: 1.18.10-1.el6
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python-rhsm: 1.18.6-1.el6
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```
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### 步骤 2：将订阅添加到您的服务器
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首先尝试列出软件仓库。您将无法列出任何内容，因为我们尚未在我们的服务器中添加任何订阅。
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```
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root@kerneltalks # subscription-manager repos --list
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This system has no repositories available through subscriptions.
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```
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正如您所看到 `subscription-manager` 找不到任何软件仓库，您需要将订阅添加到您的服务器上。一旦订阅被添加，`subscription-manager` 将能够列出下列的软件仓库。
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要添加订阅，请先使用以下命令检查服务器的所有可用订阅：
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```
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root@kerneltalks # subscription-manager list --available
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+-------------------------------------------+
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Available Subscriptions
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+-------------------------------------------+
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Subscription Name: Red Hat Enterprise Linux for Virtual Datacenters, Standard
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Provides: Red Hat Beta
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Red Hat Software Collections (for RHEL Server)
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Red Hat Enterprise Linux Atomic Host Beta
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Oracle Java (for RHEL Server)
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Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server
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dotNET on RHEL (for RHEL Server)
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Red Hat Enterprise Linux Atomic Host
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Red Hat Software Collections Beta (for RHEL Server)
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Red Hat Developer Tools Beta (for RHEL Server)
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Red Hat Developer Toolset (for RHEL Server)
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Red Hat Developer Tools (for RHEL Server)
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SKU: RH00050
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Contract: xxxxxxxx
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Pool ID: 8a85f98c6011059f0160110a2ae6000f
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Provides Management: Yes
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Available: Unlimited
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Suggested: 0
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Service Level: Standard
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Service Type: L1-L3
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Subscription Type: Stackable (Temporary)
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Ends: 12/01/2018
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System Type: Virtual
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```
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您将获得可用于您的服务器的此类订阅的软件仓库列表。您需要阅读它提供的内容并记下对您有用或需要的订阅的 `Pool ID`。
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现在，使用 pool ID 将订阅添加到您的服务器。
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```
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# subscription-manager attach --pool=8a85f98c6011059f0160110a2ae6000f
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Successfully attached a subscription for: Red Hat Enterprise Linux for Virtual Datacenters, Standard
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```
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如果您不确定选择哪一个，则可以使用下面的命令自动地添加最适合您的服务器的订阅：
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```
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root@kerneltalks # subscription-manager attach --auto
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Installed Product Current Status:
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Product Name: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server
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Status: Subscribed
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```
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接下来是最后一步启用软件仓库。
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### 步骤 3：启用软件仓库
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现在您将能够启用软件仓库，该软件仓库在您的附加订阅下可用。
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```
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root@kerneltalks # subscription-manager repos --enable rhel-6-server-rhv-4-agent-beta-debug-rpms
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Repository 'rhel-6-server-rhv-4-agent-beta-debug-rpms' is enabled for this system.
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```
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到这里，您已经完成了。您可以[用 yum 命令列出软件仓库][4]并确认。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://kerneltalks.com/howto/how-to-enable-repository-using-subscription-manager-in-rhel/
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作者：[kerneltalks][a]
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译者：[S9mtAt](https://github.com/S9mtAt)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://kerneltalks.com
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[1]:https://a2.kerneltalks.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/enable-repository-in-rhel.png
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[2]:https://kerneltalks.com/howto/how-to-configure-nameserver-in-linux/
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[3]:https://www.redhat.com/wapps/tnc/termsack?event%5B%5D=signIn
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[4]:https://kerneltalks.com/howto/how-to-list-yum-repositories-in-rhel-centos/
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