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697 lines
22 KiB
Markdown
697 lines
22 KiB
Markdown
Linux基础：如何找出你的系统所支持的最大内存
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================================================================================
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大多数情况下你可以从BIOS、产品目录或者干脆手动找出你的系统所持的最大内存。这里，我们介绍一种简单有用的技巧——使用Dmidecode来找出系统支持的最大内存，这样你就无需打开机箱或者参照BIOS和产品目录了。
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### 什么是 Dmidecode? ###
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就像你可能知道的一样， **Dmidecode**是一个将计算机DMI（又名SMBIOS）表的内容转换为可读格式的工具。这个表包含了系统硬件组件的介绍以及其他一些如序列号和IOS版本等有用的信息。使用Dmidecode你能够获取此项信息，而无需去探测真实的硬件。
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### 找出你的系统所支持的最大内存 ###
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请确定你已经在系统中安装了dmidecode，我觉得你的操作系统应该已经自动安装过了，不过并不非常确定。
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**在基于Deb的系统中安装**
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sudo apt-get install dmidecode
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**在基于RPM的系统中安装**
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sudo yum install dmidecode
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**在SUSE/openSUSE中安装**
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sudo zypper in dmidecode
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好了，我们已经安装了dmidecode，接下来让我们找出支持的最大内存。输入以下命令：
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sudo dmidecode -t 16
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**输出样本**
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# dmidecode 2.12
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SMBIOS 2.6 present.
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Handle 0x0014, DMI type 16, 15 bytes
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Physical Memory Array
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Location: System Board Or Motherboard
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Use: System Memory
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Error Correction Type: None
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Maximum Capacity: 16 GB
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Error Information Handle: Not Provided
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Number Of Devices: 2
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就像你看到的，我的系统支持最大内存到16G，并且有两个内存插槽，简单吧？
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接下来，让我们找出现在已经安装的内存的详细信息。
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sudo dmidecode -t 17
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**输出样本**
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# dmidecode 2.12
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SMBIOS 2.6 present.
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Handle 0x0017, DMI type 17, 28 bytes
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Memory Device
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Array Handle: 0x0014
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Error Information Handle: 0x0000
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Total Width: Unknown
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Data Width: Unknown
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Size: No Module Installed
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Form Factor: DIMM
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Set: None
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Locator: DIMM_B
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Bank Locator: BANK 2
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Type: Unknown
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Type Detail: None
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Speed: Unknown
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Manufacturer: Not Specified
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Serial Number: Not Specified
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Asset Tag: Not Specified
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Part Number: Not Specified
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Rank: Unknown
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Handle 0x0015, DMI type 17, 28 bytes
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Memory Device
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Array Handle: 0x0014
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Error Information Handle: 0x0000
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Total Width: 64 bits
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Data Width: 64 bits
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Size: 4096 MB
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Form Factor: SODIMM
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Set: None
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Locator: DIMM_A
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Bank Locator: BANK 0
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Type: DDR3
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Type Detail: Synchronous
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Speed: 1067 MHz
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Manufacturer: 014F
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Serial Number: 00092AF2
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Asset Tag: 54114000
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Part Number: JM1066KSN-4G
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Rank: Unknown
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就像上边输出的一样，我在插槽1里边安装了一个内存条。内存大小为**4G**，类型为**DDR3**，速度为**1067 MHz**。
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同样的，我们可以通过下边命令得到完整的内存信息。
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sudo dmidecode -t memory
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sudo dmidecode -t memory | less
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sudo dmidecode -t memory | more
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**输出样本**
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# dmidecode 2.12
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SMBIOS 2.6 present.
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Handle 0x0014, DMI type 16, 15 bytes
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Physical Memory Array
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Location: System Board Or Motherboard
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Use: System Memory
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Error Correction Type: None
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Maximum Capacity: 16 GB
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Error Information Handle: Not Provided
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Number Of Devices: 2
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Handle 0x0017, DMI type 17, 28 bytes
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Memory Device
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Array Handle: 0x0014
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Error Information Handle: 0x0000
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Total Width: Unknown
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Data Width: Unknown
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Size: No Module Installed
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Form Factor: DIMM
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Set: None
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Locator: DIMM_B
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Bank Locator: BANK 2
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Type: Unknown
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Type Detail: None
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Speed: Unknown
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Manufacturer: Not Specified
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Serial Number: Not Specified
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Asset Tag: Not Specified
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Part Number: Not Specified
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Rank: Unknown
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Handle 0x0015, DMI type 17, 28 bytes
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Memory Device
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Array Handle: 0x0014
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Error Information Handle: 0x0000
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Total Width: 64 bits
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Data Width: 64 bits
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Size: 4096 MB
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Form Factor: SODIMM
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Set: None
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Locator: DIMM_A
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Bank Locator: BANK 0
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Type: DDR3
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Type Detail: Synchronous
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Speed: 1067 MHz
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Manufacturer: 014F
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Serial Number: 00092AF2
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Asset Tag: 54114000
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Part Number: JM1066KSN-4G
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Rank: Unknown
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如果你好奇想要知道整个系统的详细信息，例如主板、内存、BIOS等，那么可以输入以下命令来获取。
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sudo dmidecode
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**输出样本**
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# dmidecode 2.12
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SMBIOS 2.6 present.
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48 structures occupying 2173 bytes.
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Table at 0x000EB840.
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Handle 0xDA00, DMI type 218, 251 bytes
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OEM-specific Type
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Header and Data:
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DA FB 00 DA B2 00 0D 5F 0F 37 40 7D 00 00 00 00
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00 7E 00 01 00 00 00 DC 01 00 80 02 00 DD 01 00
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80 03 00 75 01 01 80 01 00 76 01 02 80 01 00 2D
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01 03 80 01 00 2E 01 03 80 00 00 81 01 07 80 00
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00 82 01 07 80 01 00 83 01 08 80 00 00 84 01 08
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80 01 00 85 01 06 80 00 00 86 01 06 80 01 00 58
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02 05 80 00 00 57 02 05 80 01 00 9C 00 02 00 01
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00 9B 00 02 00 00 00 8A 01 03 00 01 00 89 01 03
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00 00 00 7F 01 04 00 00 00 80 01 04 00 01 00 53
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01 05 00 00 00 52 01 05 00 01 00 7B 01 06 00 00
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00 7C 01 06 00 01 00 94 01 07 00 00 00 93 01 07
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00 01 00 7D 00 08 00 00 00 2D 00 09 00 01 00 2E
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00 09 00 00 00 6E 00 0A 00 00 00 95 00 0B 00 01
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00 96 00 0B 00 00 00 2F 02 0C 00 01 00 30 02 0C
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00 00 00 50 02 0D 00 00 00 51 02 0D 00 01 00 52
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02 0D 00 02 00 FF FF 00 00 00 00
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Handle 0xDA01, DMI type 218, 59 bytes
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OEM-specific Type
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Header and Data:
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DA 3B 01 DA B2 00 0D 5F 0F 37 40 53 02 0D 00 03
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00 54 02 0D 00 04 00 56 02 0D 00 05 00 4B 01 0E
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00 01 00 4A 01 0E 00 00 00 EA 00 0F 00 01 00 EB
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00 0F 00 00 00 FF FF 00 00 00 00
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Handle 0x0004, DMI type 4, 42 bytes
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Processor Information
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Socket Designation: CPU 1
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Type: Central Processor
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Family: Core i3
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Manufacturer: Intel
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ID: A7 06 03 01 FF FB AB BE
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Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 42, Stepping 7
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Flags:
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FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip)
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VME (Virtual mode extension)
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DE (Debugging extension)
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PSE (Page size extension)
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TSC (Time stamp counter)
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MSR (Model specific registers)
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PAE (Physical address extension)
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MCE (Machine check exception)
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CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported)
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APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported)
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SEP (Fast system call)
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MTRR (Memory type range registers)
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PGE (Page global enable)
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MCA (Machine check architecture)
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CMOV (Conditional move instruction supported)
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PAT (Page attribute table)
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PSE-36 (36-bit page size extension)
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CLFSH (CLFLUSH instruction supported)
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DS (Debug store)
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ACPI (ACPI supported)
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MMX (MMX technology supported)
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FXSR (FXSAVE and FXSTOR instructions supported)
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SSE (Streaming SIMD extensions)
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SSE2 (Streaming SIMD extensions 2)
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SS (Self-snoop)
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HTT (Multi-threading)
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TM (Thermal monitor supported)
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PBE (Pending break enabled)
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Version: Intel(R) Core(TM) i3-2350M CPU @ 2.30GHz
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Voltage: 1.1 V
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External Clock: 100 MHz
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Max Speed: 2300 MHz
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Current Speed: 2300 MHz
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Status: Populated, Enabled
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Upgrade: Other
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L1 Cache Handle: 0x0005
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L2 Cache Handle: 0x0006
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L3 Cache Handle: 0x0007
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Serial Number: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
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Asset Tag: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
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Part Number: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
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Core Count: 2
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Core Enabled: 1
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Thread Count: 2
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Characteristics:
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64-bit capable
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Handle 0x0005, DMI type 7, 19 bytes
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Cache Information
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Socket Designation: L1-Cache
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Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 1
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Operational Mode: Write Back
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Location: Internal
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Installed Size: 64 kB
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Maximum Size: 64 kB
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Supported SRAM Types:
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Other
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Installed SRAM Type: Other
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Speed: Unknown
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Error Correction Type: None
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System Type: Unified
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Associativity: 8-way Set-associative
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Handle 0x0006, DMI type 7, 19 bytes
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Cache Information
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Socket Designation: L2-Cache
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Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 2
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Operational Mode: Varies With Memory Address
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Location: Internal
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Installed Size: 512 kB
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Maximum Size: 512 kB
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Supported SRAM Types:
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Other
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Installed SRAM Type: Other
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Speed: Unknown
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Error Correction Type: None
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System Type: Unified
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Associativity: 8-way Set-associative
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Handle 0x0007, DMI type 7, 19 bytes
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Cache Information
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Socket Designation: L3-Cache
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Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 3
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Operational Mode: Varies With Memory Address
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Location: Internal
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Installed Size: 3072 kB
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Maximum Size: 3072 kB
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Supported SRAM Types:
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Other
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Installed SRAM Type: Other
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Speed: Unknown
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Error Correction Type: None
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System Type: Unified
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Associativity: Other
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Handle 0x0008, DMI type 8, 9 bytes
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Port Connector Information
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Internal Reference Designator: J1A1
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Internal Connector Type: None
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External Reference Designator: PS2Mouse
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External Connector Type: PS/2
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Port Type: Mouse Port
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Handle 0x0009, DMI type 8, 9 bytes
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Port Connector Information
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Internal Reference Designator: J1A1
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Internal Connector Type: None
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External Reference Designator: Keyboard
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External Connector Type: PS/2
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Port Type: Keyboard Port
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Handle 0x000A, DMI type 8, 9 bytes
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Port Connector Information
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Internal Reference Designator: J2A2B
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Internal Connector Type: None
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External Reference Designator: Video
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External Connector Type: DB-15 female
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Port Type: Video Port
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Handle 0x000B, DMI type 8, 9 bytes
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Port Connector Information
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Internal Reference Designator: J3A1
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Internal Connector Type: None
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External Reference Designator: USB1
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External Connector Type: Access Bus (USB)
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Port Type: USB
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Handle 0x000C, DMI type 8, 9 bytes
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Port Connector Information
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Internal Reference Designator: J3A1
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Internal Connector Type: None
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External Reference Designator: USB2
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External Connector Type: Access Bus (USB)
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Port Type: USB
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Handle 0x000D, DMI type 8, 9 bytes
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Port Connector Information
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Internal Reference Designator: J3A1
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Internal Connector Type: None
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External Reference Designator: USB3
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External Connector Type: Access Bus (USB)
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Port Type: USB
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Handle 0x000E, DMI type 8, 9 bytes
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Port Connector Information
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Internal Reference Designator: J5A1
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Internal Connector Type: None
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External Reference Designator: LAN
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External Connector Type: RJ-45
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Port Type: Network Port
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Handle 0x000F, DMI type 9, 17 bytes
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System Slot Information
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Designation: J6B2
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Type: x16 PCI Express
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Current Usage: In Use
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Length: Long
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ID: 0
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Characteristics:
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3.3 V is provided
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Opening is shared
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PME signal is supported
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Bus Address: 0000:00:01.0
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Handle 0x0010, DMI type 9, 17 bytes
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System Slot Information
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Designation: J6B1
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Type: x1 PCI Express
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Current Usage: In Use
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Length: Short
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ID: 1
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Characteristics:
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3.3 V is provided
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Opening is shared
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PME signal is supported
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Bus Address: 0000:00:1c.3
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Handle 0x0012, DMI type 11, 5 bytes
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OEM Strings
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String 1: Dell System
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String 2: 5[0003]
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String 3: 13[P18F]
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Handle 0x0013, DMI type 12, 5 bytes
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System Configuration Options
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Option 1: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
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Handle 0x001C, DMI type 21, 7 bytes
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Built-in Pointing Device
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Type: Touch Pad
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Interface: Bus Mouse
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Buttons: 2
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Handle 0x001D, DMI type 22, 26 bytes
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Portable Battery
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Location: Sys. Battery Bay
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Manufacturer: Sanyo
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Serial Number: 5390
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Name: DELL 4YRJH22
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Chemistry: Lithium Ion
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Design Capacity: 45000 mWh
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Design Voltage: 10800 mV
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SBDS Version: 1.0
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Maximum Error: 2%
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SBDS Manufacture Date: 2012-02-28
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OEM-specific Information: 0x00000001
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Handle 0x001E, DMI type 32, 20 bytes
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System Boot Information
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Status: No errors detected
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Handle 0x0020, DMI type 27, 12 bytes
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Cooling Device
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Type: Fan
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Status: OK
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OEM-specific Information: 0x00000000
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Handle 0x0021, DMI type 28, 20 bytes
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Temperature Probe
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Description: CPU Internal Temperature
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Location: Processor
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Status: OK
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Maximum Value: 127.0 deg C
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Minimum Value: 0.0 deg C
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Resolution: 1.000 deg C
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Tolerance: 0.5 deg C
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Accuracy: Unknown
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OEM-specific Information: 0x00000000
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Handle 0xB000, DMI type 176, 5 bytes
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OEM-specific Type
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Header and Data:
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B0 05 00 B0 00
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Handle 0xB100, DMI type 177, 12 bytes
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OEM-specific Type
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Header and Data:
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B1 0C 00 B1 1A 0E 00 00 00 00 00 00
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Handle 0x0025, DMI type 209, 12 bytes
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OEM-specific Type
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Header and Data:
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D1 0C 25 00 00 00 00 03 05 01 00 03
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Handle 0x0026, DMI type 210, 12 bytes
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OEM-specific Type
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Header and Data:
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D2 0C 26 00 00 00 00 03 05 20 01 03
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Handle 0x0027, DMI type 211, 13 bytes
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OEM-specific Type
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Header and Data:
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D3 0D 27 00 01 00 00 00 00 02 03 04 04
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Strings:
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Front
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Handle 0x0028, DMI type 212, 57 bytes
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OEM-specific Type
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Header and Data:
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D4 39 28 00 70 00 71 00 01 49 50 48 9C 00 49 FC
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01 9B 00 49 FC 00 7F 01 4A FB 04 80 01 4A FB 00
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53 01 4A F7 08 52 01 4A F7 08 7B 01 4A EF 10 7C
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01 4A EF 10 FF FF 00 00 00
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Handle 0x002A, DMI type 217, 8 bytes
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OEM-specific Type
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Header and Data:
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D9 08 2A 00 01 02 00 00
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Strings:
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Handle 0x002B, DMI type 219, 11 bytes
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OEM-specific Type
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Header and Data:
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DB 0B 2B 00 00 01 02 03 00 04 05
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Strings:
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Handle 0x002C, DMI type 220, 22 bytes
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OEM-specific Type
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Header and Data:
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DC 16 2C 00 01 F0 00 00 02 F0 00 00 00 00 03 F0
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04 F0 00 00 00 00
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Handle 0x002D, DMI type 221, 19 bytes
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OEM-specific Type
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Header and Data:
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DD 13 2D 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 00 00 00
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00 00 00
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Handle 0x002E, DMI type 222, 16 bytes
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OEM-specific Type
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Header and Data:
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DE 10 2E 00 01 08 FF FF 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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Handle 0x0014, DMI type 16, 15 bytes
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Physical Memory Array
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Location: System Board Or Motherboard
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Use: System Memory
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Error Correction Type: None
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Maximum Capacity: 16 GB
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Error Information Handle: Not Provided
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Number Of Devices: 2
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Handle 0x0016, DMI type 20, 19 bytes
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Memory Device Mapped Address
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Starting Address: 0x00000000000
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Ending Address: 0x000FFFFFFFF
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Range Size: 4 GB
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Physical Device Handle: 0x0015
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Memory Array Mapped Address Handle: 0x0018
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Partition Row Position: 1
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Interleave Position: 1
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Interleaved Data Depth: 1
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Handle 0x0017, DMI type 17, 28 bytes
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Memory Device
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Array Handle: 0x0014
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Error Information Handle: 0x0000
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Total Width: Unknown
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Data Width: Unknown
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Size: No Module Installed
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Form Factor: DIMM
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Set: None
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Locator: DIMM_B
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Bank Locator: BANK 2
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Type: Unknown
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Type Detail: None
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Speed: Unknown
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Manufacturer: Not Specified
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Serial Number: Not Specified
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Asset Tag: Not Specified
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Part Number: Not Specified
|
||
Rank: Unknown
|
||
|
||
Handle 0x0018, DMI type 19, 15 bytes
|
||
Memory Array Mapped Address
|
||
Starting Address: 0x00000000000
|
||
Ending Address: 0x000FFFFFFFF
|
||
Range Size: 4 GB
|
||
Physical Array Handle: 0x0014
|
||
Partition Width: 2
|
||
|
||
Handle 0x002F, DMI type 13, 22 bytes
|
||
BIOS Language Information
|
||
Language Description Format: Abbreviated
|
||
Installable Languages: 1
|
||
eng
|
||
Currently Installed Language: eng
|
||
|
||
Handle 0x0030, DMI type 131, 64 bytes
|
||
OEM-specific Type
|
||
Header and Data:
|
||
83 40 30 00 31 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
|
||
F8 00 4B 1C FF FF FF FF 01 00 00 00 00 00 07 00
|
||
AD 04 04 00 00 00 00 00 C8 00 FF FF 00 00 00 00
|
||
00 00 00 00 32 00 00 00 76 50 72 6F 00 00 00 00
|
||
|
||
Handle 0x0029, DMI type 216, 9 bytes
|
||
OEM-specific Type
|
||
Header and Data:
|
||
D8 09 29 00 01 02 01 00 00
|
||
Strings:
|
||
INTEL
|
||
0000
|
||
|
||
Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes
|
||
BIOS Information
|
||
Vendor: Dell Inc.
|
||
Version: A05
|
||
Release Date: 08/03/2012
|
||
Address: 0xF0000
|
||
Runtime Size: 64 kB
|
||
ROM Size: 2048 kB
|
||
Characteristics:
|
||
MCA is supported
|
||
PCI is supported
|
||
BIOS is upgradeable
|
||
BIOS shadowing is allowed
|
||
ESCD support is available
|
||
Boot from CD is supported
|
||
Selectable boot is supported
|
||
BIOS ROM is socketed
|
||
EDD is supported
|
||
5.25"/1.2 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
|
||
3.5"/720 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
|
||
3.5"/2.88 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
|
||
Print screen service is supported (int 5h)
|
||
8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
|
||
Serial services are supported (int 14h)
|
||
Printer services are supported (int 17h)
|
||
CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h)
|
||
ACPI is supported
|
||
USB legacy is supported
|
||
ATAPI Zip drive boot is supported
|
||
BIOS boot specification is supported
|
||
Targeted content distribution is supported
|
||
BIOS Revision: 0.5
|
||
Firmware Revision: 0.5
|
||
|
||
Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 15 bytes
|
||
Base Board Information
|
||
Manufacturer: Dell Inc.
|
||
Product Name: 01HXXJ
|
||
Version: A05
|
||
Serial Number: .JSQ7PA1.CN7117623M00J2.
|
||
Asset Tag: Not Specified
|
||
Features:
|
||
Board is a hosting board
|
||
Board is replaceable
|
||
Location In Chassis: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
|
||
Chassis Handle: 0x0003
|
||
Type: Motherboard
|
||
Contained Object Handles: 0
|
||
|
||
Handle 0x0003, DMI type 3, 21 bytes
|
||
Chassis Information
|
||
Manufacturer: Dell Inc.
|
||
Type: Portable
|
||
Lock: Not Present
|
||
Version: Not Specified
|
||
Serial Number: JSR1
|
||
Asset Tag: Not Specified
|
||
Boot-up State: Safe
|
||
Power Supply State: Safe
|
||
Thermal State: Safe
|
||
Security Status: None
|
||
OEM Information: 0x00000000
|
||
Height: Unspecified
|
||
Number Of Power Cords: 1
|
||
Contained Elements: 0
|
||
|
||
Handle 0x0001, DMI type 1, 27 bytes
|
||
System Information
|
||
Manufacturer: Dell Inc.
|
||
Product Name: Inspiron N5050
|
||
Version: Not Specified
|
||
Serial Number: JSR1
|
||
UUID: 4C4C4544-0053-5110-8029-CAC05241
|
||
Wake-up Type: Power Switch
|
||
SKU Number: To be filled by O.E.M.
|
||
Family:
|
||
|
||
Handle 0x0024, DMI type 208, 12 bytes
|
||
OEM-specific Type
|
||
Header and Data:
|
||
D0 0C 24 00 02 05 FE 00 04 05 01 02
|
||
Strings:
|
||
20120323
|
||
20120323
|
||
|
||
Handle 0x0011, DMI type 10, 6 bytes
|
||
On Board Device Information
|
||
Type: Video
|
||
Status: Enabled
|
||
Description: Mobile Intel SandyBridge HD Graphics
|
||
|
||
Handle 0x0015, DMI type 17, 28 bytes
|
||
Memory Device
|
||
Array Handle: 0x0014
|
||
Error Information Handle: 0x0000
|
||
Total Width: 64 bits
|
||
Data Width: 64 bits
|
||
Size: 4096 MB
|
||
Form Factor: SODIMM
|
||
Set: None
|
||
Locator: DIMM_A
|
||
Bank Locator: BANK 0
|
||
Type: DDR3
|
||
Type Detail: Synchronous
|
||
Speed: 1067 MHz
|
||
Manufacturer: 014F
|
||
Serial Number: 0009F2
|
||
Asset Tag: 54114000
|
||
Part Number: JM1066-4G
|
||
Rank: Unknown
|
||
|
||
Handle 0x0031, DMI type 127, 4 bytes
|
||
End Of Table
|
||
|
||
好了，就是这样。
|
||
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/linux-basics-how-to-find-maximum-supported-ram-by-your-system/
|
||
|
||
作者：[SK][0]
|
||
译者：[mr-ping](https://github.com/mr-ping)
|
||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||
|
||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||
|
||
[0]:https://www.unixmen.com/author/sk/
|