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谢天谢地，开源软件中的个人崇拜正在消亡！
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“开源之神圣独裁者”越来越少了，不过没事！
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Roy Rubin这位流行的电子商务开源项目[Magento][1]的联合创始人，从这一2008年启动的项目中功成身退后在[这周说出了][2]上面这样的话语。
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这已经不是第一次一个开源项目的领导者出走项目了，但值得注意的是对于它带来的反响是：没啥大的反应。
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并不是因为Rubin对于Magento项目不重要，实际上他非常重要。六年来，Rubin实际上是Magento项目的灵魂。但是开源软件一直在成长，它一直在削弱个人对其的影响。当然没人希望Linux的创始人Linus Torvalds不小心被车撞了，在这点上我们是[爱他][3]的。但是另外一方面其实我们并不太在意。
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但是并不总是这样的。
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### 崇拜开源之神圣独裁者！ ###
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在好的一面，成功的开源项目一直以来都和伟大的领导者密不可分。对一个充满活力又有独立思想的一个开发团体施加影响，必定是众口难调的事情。在一个专门的开源项目当中不同的观点会产生各种不同的路线（在代码层上，管它叫做“分支”），通常这时候，要么是“开源之神圣独裁者”，要么是项目领袖，将会介入，施展自己的领导才能让开发人员团结在一起。
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“[开源之神圣独裁者 BDFL][0]”这个词[可能第一个用于Python项目的领导者Guido von Rossum][4]。它现在也被用到了Linux的发明人Linus Torvalds身上，以及Ubuntu的领导者Mark Shuttleworth和其他人身上。有时候另外两个人也会冠以这个称号，比如[Django][5]项目的Adrian Holovaty和Kaplan-Moss。（LCTT译注：BDFL，benevolent dictator for life ，由LCTT 核心译者 Viz 建议译作“开源之神圣独裁者”。）
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在他们影响力最大的时候，这些领袖离开项目会对项目的将来产生灾难性的影响，这展现出这些伟大领导者与项目之间紧密的关联。但是，有时候，也不总是这样。Django的领导者[去了其他的项目][6]，但是Django依然不断前行着，像Python、Lucene（领导者Doug Cutting）、Jboss（领导者Marc Fleury）和其他很多的项目也是这样。
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现在开源软件研发的团体依然围绕着伟大的领导者，但我们似乎并不像曾经的那样依赖他们了。开源软件的“个人崇拜”正在褪色，也有可能已经消亡了，但是接下来会怎么样呢？
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### Apache和开源社区的崛起 ###
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是的，社区开始崛起了。我意识到我在做出一些自以为是的论调，但是根据我在开源项目15年的经验来说，我观察到开源软件项目从非常严格的控制阶段缓慢的转向了松散的开源团体，他们经常是因为兴趣才互相合作的。
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当然并不清楚是先有 BSD/Apache之类的许可证的“鸡”还是后有开源软件相互合作的“蛋”，这两个很明显的一起改变了开源软件的运作模式。
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当然还是需要“开源之神圣独裁者”。举个例子，当自由GNU还不是一个项目时，很难想象如果没有了Richard Stallman会是怎么样。相反的，很容易想象Apache Hadoop如果没有领导会怎么样…，等等，好像Hadoop真的没有人领导…
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如果真的要说答案的话，那就是这里每个人或者[许多人][7]。当然Hadoop由Doug Cutting启动，但是它已经发展成了一个公司和个人（不过大多数的公司雇佣了这些人）的协作的社区。
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OpenStack与之类似，[被涉及的公司所主导][8]，如果某一个Openstack的开发者离开了，Openstack依然能够继续。因此，对于一个成员正在增加的开源项目来说，这种类似是确信无疑的。
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### 未来不需要“开源之神圣独裁者”吗？ ###
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并不是说在以后的开源项目中不需要领导者。需要，但是越来越多的开源项目转为团体之间的合作，失去他们的风险消失了。坦白的说，即使公司们没有深入的参入进来，Apache许可证的项目反正也不依赖“开源之神圣独裁者”们。
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Photo of Richard Stallman [courtesy of Friprog on Flickr][9]
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://readwrite.com/2014/05/02/open-source-magento-roy-rubin-bdfl#feed=/hack&awesm=~oDgSTEdnXAjUv0
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译者：[jiajia9linuxer](https://github.com/jiajia9linuxer) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://magento.com/
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[2]:http://magento.com/blog/magento-news/note-roy-and-mark#.U2JhPK1dVii
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[3]:http://www.serverwatch.com/server-news/if-linus-torvalds-got-hit-by-a-bus-would-linux-die.html
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[4]:http://www.artima.com/weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=235725
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[5]:https://www.djangoproject.com/
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[6]:http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/01/on-the-reign-of-benevolent-dictators-for-life-in-software/283139/
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[7]:http://hadoop.apache.org/who.html
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[8]:http://activity.openstack.org/dash/releases/
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[9]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/friprog/
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[0]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benevolent_dictator_for_life
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