TranslateProject/published/201406/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md
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Linux终端下 dstat 监控工具
================================================================================
dstat 是一个可以取代vmstatiostatnetstat和ifstat这些命令的多功能产品。dstat克服了这些命令的局限并增加了一些另外的功能增加了监控项也变得更灵活了。dstat可以很方便监控系统运行状况并用于基准测试和排除故障。
dstat可以让你实时地看到所有系统资源例如你能够通过统计IDE控制器当前状态来比较磁盘利用率或者直接通过网络带宽数值来比较磁盘的吞吐率在相同的时间间隔内
dstat将以列表的形式为你提供选项信息并清晰地告诉你是在何种幅度和单位显示输出。这样更好地避免了信息混乱和误报。更重要的是它可以让你更容易编写插件来收集你想要的数据信息以从未有过的方式进行扩展。
Dstat的默认输出是专门为人们实时查看而设计的不过你也可以将详细信息通过CSV输出到一个文件并导入到Gnumeric或者Excel生成表格中。
###特性###
- 结合了vmstatiostatifstatnetstat以及更多的信息
- 实时显示统计情况
- 在分析和排障时可以通过启用监控项并排序
- 模块化设计
- 使用python编写的更方便扩展现有的工作任务
- 容易扩展和添加你的计数器(请为此做出贡献)
- 包含的许多扩展插件充分说明了增加新的监控项目是很方便的
- 可以分组统计块设备/网络设备,并给出总数
- 可以显示每台设备的当前状态
- 极准确的时间精度,即便是系统负荷较高也不会延迟显示
- 显示准确地单位和和限制转换误差范围
- 用不同的颜色显示不同的单位
- 显示中间结果延时小于1秒
- 支持输出CSV格式报表并能导入到Gnumeric和Excel以生成图形
### 安装方法 ###
Ubuntu/Mint和Debin系统
本地软件库中有相关安装包,你可以用下面命令安装:
# sudo apt-get install dstat
RHEL/Centos和Fedora系统:
你可以在romforge软件库中添加有相关安装包参照[指导][2],使用如下命令很简单就能进行安装:
# yum install dstat
ArchLinux系统
相关软件包在社区资源库中,你可以用这个命令来安装:
# pacman -S dstat
###使用方法 ###
dstat的基本用法就是输入dstat命令输出如下
![](http://cdn.linuxaria.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/dstat.png)
这是默认输出显示的信息:
**CPU状态**CPU的使用率。这项报告更有趣的部分是显示了用户系统和空闲部分这更好地分析了CPU当前的使用状况。如果你看到"wait"一栏中CPU的状态是一个高使用率值那说明系统存在一些其它问题。当CPU的状态处在"waits"时那是因为它正在等待I/O设备例如内存磁盘或者网络的响应而且还没有收到。
**磁盘统计**:磁盘的读写操作,这一栏显示磁盘的读、写总数。
**网络统计**:网络设备发送和接受的数据,这一栏显示的网络收、发数据总数。
**分页统计**系统的分页活动。分页指的是一种内存管理技术用于查找系统场景一个较大的分页表明系统正在使用大量的交换空间或者说内存非常分散大多数情况下你都希望看到page in换入和page out换出的值是0 0。
**系统统计**这一项显示的是中断int和上下文切换csw。这项统计仅在有比较基线时才有意义。这一栏中较高的统计值通常表示大量的进程造成拥塞需要对CPU进行关注。你的服务器一般情况下都会运行运行一些程序所以这项总是显示一些数值。
默认情况下dstat每秒都会刷新数据。如果想退出dstat你可以按"CTRL-C"键。
需要注意的是报告的第一行,通常这里所有的统计都不显示数值的。
这是由于dstat会通过上一次的报告来给出一个总结所以第一次运行时是没有平均值和总值的相关数据。
但是dstat可以通过传递2个参数运行来控制报告间隔和报告数量。例如如果你想要dstat输出默认监控、报表输出的时间间隔为3秒钟,并且报表中输出10个结果你可以运行如下命令
dstat 3 10
在dstat命令中有很多参数可选你可以通过man dstat命令查看大多数常用的参数有这些
- -l :显示负载统计量
- -m 显示内存使用率包括usedbuffercachefree值
- -r 显示I/O统计
- -s :显示交换分区使用情况
- -t :将当前时间显示在第一行
- fs 显示文件系统统计数据包括文件总数量和inodes值
- nocolor :不显示颜色(有时候有用)
- socket :显示网络统计数据
- tcp 显示常用的TCP统计
- udp 显示监听的UDP接口及其当前用量的一些动态数据
当然不止这些用法dstat附带了一些**插件**很大程度地扩展了它的功能。你可以通过查看/usr/share/dstat目录来查看它们的一些使用方法常用的有这些
- -disk-util :显示某一时间磁盘的忙碌状况
- -freespace :显示当前磁盘空间使用率
- -proc-count :显示正在运行的程序数量
- -top-bio 指出块I/O最大的进程
- -top-cpu 图形化显示CPU占用最大的进程
- -top-io 显示正常I/O最大的进程
- -top-mem :显示占用最多内存的进程
举一些例子:
查看全部内存都有谁在占用:
dstat -g -l -m -s --top-mem
显示一些关于CPU资源损耗的数据
dstat -c -y -l --proc-count --top-cpu
###如何输出一个csv文件###
想输出一个csv格式的文件用于以后可以通过下面的命令
# dstat output /tmp/sampleoutput.csv -cdn
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via: http://linuxaria.com/howto/linux-terminal-dstat-monitoring-tools
译者:[disylee](https://github.com/disylee) 校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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[1]:http://linuxaria.com/tag/network
[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/install-and-enable-rpmforge-repository-in-rhel-centos-6-5-4/