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3.8 KiB
Markdown
106 lines
3.8 KiB
Markdown
ngxtop：在命令行实时监控 Nginx 的神器
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================================================================================
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Nginx网站服务器在生产环境中[运行][1]的时候需要进行实时监控。实际上，诸如[Nagios][2], Zabbix, Munin 的网络监控软件是支持 Nginx 监控的。
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如果你不需要以上软件提供的综合性报告或者长期数据统计功能，只是需要一种快速简便的办法去监控 Nginx 服务器的请求的话，我建议你采用一个叫 [ngxtop][3] 的命令行工具。
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你马上就会发现 ngxtop 从界面和名称都借鉴了著名的top命令。ngxtop 是通过分析 Nginx 或者其他的日志文件，使用类似 top 命令的界面实时展示出来的。你可以说你知道的其他高端监控工具，但是在简洁这方面 ngxtop 无疑是最好的。简单就意味着不可替代。
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本指南中，我将介绍如何使用 ngxtop 实时监控 Nginx 网站服务器。
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### Linux 上安装 ngxtop ###
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首先在 Linux 系统中安装依赖库[pip][4]（LCTT译注：ngxtop是用python编写的）。
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然后使用如下命令安装 ngxtop。
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$ sudo pip install ngxtop
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### ngxtop 使用 ###
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基本使用方法如下：
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ngxtop [options]
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ngxtop [options] (print|top|avg|sum) <var>
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ngxtop info
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这里是一些通用选项。
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- **-l <file>**: 指定日志文件的完整路径 (Nginx 或 Apache2)
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- **-f <format>**: 日志格式
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- **--no-follow**: 处理当前已经写入的日志文件，而不是实时处理新添加到日志文件的日志
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- **-t <seconds>**: 更新频率
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- **-n <number>**: 显示行号
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- **-o <var>**: 排序规则(默认是访问计数)
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- **-a <exp> ..., --a <exp> ...**: 添加表达式(一般是聚合表达式如： sum, avg, min, max 等)到输出中。
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- **-v**: 输出详细信息
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- **-i <filter-expression>**: 只处理符合规则的记录
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以下是一些内置变量，他们的含义不言自明。
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- body_bytes_send
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- http_referer
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- http_user_agent
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- remote_addr
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- remote_user
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- request
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- status
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- time_local
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### 使用 ngxtop 监控 Nginx ###
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ngxtop 默认会从其配置文件 (/etc/nginx/nginx.conf) 中查找 Nginx 日志的地址。所以，监控 Nginx ，运行以下命令即可：
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$ ngxtop
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这将会列出10个 Nginx 服务，按请求数量排序。
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显示前20个最频繁的请求：
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$ ngxtop -n 20
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获取Nginx基本信息：
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$ ngxtop info
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你可以自定义显示的变量，简单列出需要显示的变量。使用 "print" 命令显示自定义请求。
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$ ngxtop print request http_user_agent remote_addr
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显示请求最多的客户端IP地址
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$ ngxtop top remote_addr
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显示状态码是404的请求
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$ ngxtop -i 'status == 404' print request status
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除了Nginx，ngtop 还可以处理其他的日志文件，比如 Apache 的访问文件。使用以下命令监控 Apache 服务器:
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$ tail -f /var/log/apache2/access.log | ngxtop -f common
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/06/monitor-nginx-web-server-command-line-real-time.html
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译者：[shipsw](https://github.com/shipsw) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://xmodulo.com/2014/01/compile-install-nginx-web-server.html
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[2]:http://xmodulo.com/2013/12/monitor-common-services-nagios.html
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[3]:https://github.com/lebinh/ngxtop
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[4]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/install-pip-linux.html
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