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58 lines
7.5 KiB
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58 lines
7.5 KiB
Markdown
命令行星期二 —— 序
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================================================================================
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**嗨，极客们！**
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今天，我们介绍给大家一个新的系列节目，它叫命令行星期二。为什么叫命令行星期二？因为在该系列节目中，每天坐在计算机前的你们，将会试着走出图形用户界面（GUI）文化的藩篱，从今天开始“让事情变得简单而大众化”。
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当然，如果你访问过任何与GNU/Linux相关的社区论坛的话，你可能已经看到了，关于GUI和命令行哪个更好的讨论非常热烈。是让GUI掌控一切，还是只是学习并享受命令行界（CLI）面带来的乐趣呢？
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对于使用或抛弃GUI工具的争论有很多。正方最常提到的优点之一，就是我们是在点击的计算模式下长大的，所以它基本上就是我们和机器进行交互的一种语言，或者你可以说是一种文化。我们日复一日重复着这样的模式，点击那个大按钮来让它干我们需要它干的事。
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而对于反方，我读到的关于命令行的优点的最有趣的评论之一，就是你可以通过命令行来更快，更简单地做更多事情，比GUI工具来得快。但你需要明白的是：你需要学习命令。是的，学习它们，就像学一首诗一样。
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现在，因为对于我们，半知半解毫无头绪的用户们，它让人听起来就像是某个没用的杂记小丑表演得表演过头，太过火了。让我来用个寓言讲得通俗一点吧：
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### 寓言 ###
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我已经用了Linux超过3年了。27岁，是个文学专业学生，我对任何形式的技术都没有太大的兴趣。我直到中学才有了一台属于自己的计算机，我想大概是17岁那年吧。对于我而言，只用了10年的计算机。我只用过三个程序，BS播放器，Winamp和足球经理，偶尔也用用MS Word。大约三年多以前，我做临时工时的一位同事，在我正和另外一位同僚谈话时告诉我说，有个新版的东西，它一下子就抓住了我的心，它看起来确实与众不同。我现在想想，它就是Ubuntu的“敏捷的独角鲸”。在和这位同事讨论这个新版本后，他指出了一些常见的优点，这些优点也是我们经常向新手宣传的，不需要杀毒软件，启动快捷，安全性更高，附带有软件中心等等之类。最突出的一点：它背后的自由和开源（FOSS）哲学。他用他温和而优雅的方式把我带了进去。
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我决定来一次尝试，而从那以后便一发不可收拾。而至于我是怎么又从第一次对Ubuntu的浅尝辄止转而投向openSUSE 11.4的，咋们下回再讲吧。而我发现它只是一个完美而甜蜜的小插曲时，那就完完全全另外一回事了。问题在于，我最终进入了Linux领域。这很有趣，感觉很不一样，它让我的计算机跑得更好，它也更稳定，我也和它相处得很好（似乎我是在不经意间买到了相当普通的硬件）。似乎Linux并不是一个完全的桌面系统，所以我有时不得不使用终端。但是这么说吧，它是Linux中一个最为讨厌的，最为可怕，最令人不爽的工具之一。如果某些操作没有GUI可以做的话，我马上会诚惶诚恐，十分不安了。因为当我从论坛复制/粘贴命令的时候，我都不知道我究竟在干些什么。
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随着时间流逝，情况发生了变化。相对于其他以消费者为导向的系统，发生在我身上的事可能有点与一般人相反。在那三年中，我感觉不是我在玩系统，而是系统在玩我。我学会了怎样寻找基本问题，提交bug报告，怎样正确地在论坛上提问。对于碰到的每个问题，我学会了为那些更有能力帮我解决问题的人提供更有用的信息。
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不久以前，我女朋友发泄说，她简直不敢相信，我主要为了用计算机而用计算机，而不是用它来做一些别的事情。“你只用它来进行音乐收藏和做些Linux的乱七八糟的事情，Nenad. Gaawd”它让我想啊，使劲想。Linux，特别是openSUSE发行版它成了我的爱好之一。我不是一个专家，不管怎么看都是这样，Linux不在我的专业知识范畴内。但我有足够的知识来搞定它，搞定一些小问题，修改一些配置文件等等。但是我终于认识到，随着玩Linux日久，对系统的调整日多，我真的需要熟悉一下命令行（CLI）了。我也了解到，我在对底层的东西一无所知的情况下对系统胡作非为。我要对着etc大喊大叫了，它究竟是个什么东西？bin又是个什么东西？为什么会有个.sh在后面？问什么这个文件在这里？那个文件又在那里？为什么我得点击那一大堆的文件夹来找到正确的文件进行修改？然后，我读到“你可以用一个命令来简单地列出某个地方的所有文件”时，它又变得很有趣了，我突然感到迫不及待要想试试了。
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### 好吧，让我们干吧！ ###
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我们来了……。作为一位新的openSUSE的新闻发布者，我会试着以我所见最有成效的方式来发表我的看法，这样的方式我想对社区中绝大多数人会奏效。该高举旗帜，一起开始学习命令行了。如果是哲学理念吸引你到Linux和openSUSE中来的，就像我一样，那么是时候走得更远一点了。
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看，我就知道在那外头有一大堆像我这样的人。我知道，你也许没有抓住90后极客们的要点，黑屏-绿字-手指在键盘上乱飞-让一切都激情澎湃。但这在很多地方都很有用。我们将以一种有趣的，而又通用的方式来学习，目录是用来干什么，什么文件放在什么地方，以及一些最常用的终端命令。在我们在控制台处理一些任务时，这将让我们更轻松一些；在碰到一些问题时，获得更大的回报。它也会让bug处理者更轻松些，如果他们从我们这头收到正确的信息的话。它也让我们的爱好变得乐趣无穷。
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我是说，我的天啊，你已经过渡到连Dilber和xkcd都感到有趣的阶段了。是时候到终端下去了。
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附录：
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要用到的一些参考资料：威廉·肖茨—— 《Linux命令行》,以及克罗地亚黑客韦利米尔·巴克沙，别名鲁塞拉斯，《关于最常用命令的简短教程》。对于你们的要求:
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- 每周1到2小时的空闲时间
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- 一品脱冰冻啤酒或者其它饮料
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- 有人已经指出，使用[Gedit][1]，或者手工记录本（你懂的，笔和纸，呵呵）可以让学习更简单一些。
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肖茨写的书可是精品，但读它可要花点时间和毅力。这里，我尽力让课程变得更通俗易懂一点，花点时间来帮助你们，而最重要的是——我希望我们能一起学习，一起互相帮助（评论还有论坛，人！！），并且加入一个组织严密的openSUSE社区！下周的这个时间（已经会是六月了吧），我们讲学习我们的第一部分命令。切记……
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**尽情享受吧！**
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://news.opensuse.org/2014/05/27/command-line-tuesdays-the-introductory/
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译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://software.opensuse.org/package/gedit
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