TranslateProject/published/201406/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md
wxy a71aa7de9e renamed: 10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md -> 201406/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md
renamed:    10 Linux Platforms Meant For Embedded Systems.md -> 201406/10 Linux Platforms Meant For Embedded Systems.md
	renamed:    20140527 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md -> 201406/20140527 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md
	renamed:    20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md -> 201406/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md
	renamed:    20140528 Setup Backup Server Using Bacula And Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md -> 201406/20140528 Setup Backup Server Using Bacula And Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md
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	renamed:    20140607 Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md -> 201406/20140607 Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md
	renamed:    20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md -> 201406/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md
	renamed:    20140609 How To Know If Your System Has USB 3.0 Port In Linux [Quick Tip].md -> 201406/20140609 How To Know If Your System Has USB 3.0 Port In Linux [Quick Tip].md
	renamed:    20140609 Open Source LDAP Solutions.md -> 201406/20140609 Open Source LDAP Solutions.md
	renamed:    "20140609 OpenELEC 4.0.4 \347\216\260\345\267\262\345\217\221\345\270\203, \345\237\272\344\272\216 XBMC 13.1 \342\200\234Gotham\342\200\235.md" -> "201406/20140609 OpenELEC 4.0.4 \347\216\260\345\267\262\345\217\221\345\270\203, \345\237\272\344\272\216 XBMC 13.1 \342\200\234Gotham\342\200\235.md"
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	renamed:    20140612 Command Line Tuesdays--Part One.md -> 201406/20140612 Command Line Tuesdays--Part One.md
	renamed:    20140612 Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md -> 201406/20140612 Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md
	renamed:    20140616 How To Install Numix Icon Theme In Fedora 20.md -> 201406/20140616 How To Install Numix Icon Theme In Fedora 20.md
	renamed:    20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md -> 201406/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md
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	renamed:    20140617 14 Apps To Boost Ubuntu.md -> 201406/20140617 14 Apps To Boost Ubuntu.md
	renamed:    20140619 Improve Battery Life with Laptop Mode Tools 1.65.md -> 201406/20140619 Improve Battery Life with Laptop Mode Tools 1.65.md
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	renamed:    Bash Getopts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md -> 201406/Bash Getopts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md
	renamed:    Collectl--An Advanced All-in-One Performance Monitoring Tool for Linux.md -> 201406/Collectl--An Advanced All-in-One Performance Monitoring Tool for Linux.md
	renamed:    Fix Adobe Flash Player Issue In Chromium In Ubuntu 14.04.md -> 201406/Fix Adobe Flash Player Issue In Chromium In Ubuntu 14.04.md
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	renamed:    Why htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md -> 201406/Why htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md
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Linux发展编年表
================================================================================
![](http://www.linuxfederation.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/linux-evolution.jpg)
[我们周围到处都有Linux的身影][0]在家中、公司里、大学、实验室太空空间站。但是过去它不像现在一样是计算机发展的中坚力量它只是开始于一个芬兰大学生的个人爱好。现在的Linux已经从一个个人爱好发展成了一场计算机革命。在这篇文章里我们向你展示最完整的Linux 23年来发展的历史年表。
### 1991 ###
**8月25号** : 21岁的芬兰学生Linus Benedict Torvalds 在comp.os.minix 新闻组上宣布了它正在编写一个免费的操作系统。
**9月1号** : Linux 0.01在网上发布。
### 1992 ###
**1月5号** : Linux [v0.12 release][1] 版本的内核重新以GUN GPL的协议发布。原来的许可证是禁止任何商业用途的。通过这次协议变更发布和出售修改或未修改版的Linux成为了可能只要你将这些复制版本以相同的GPL许可证发布并且有相对应完整的源代码。在后来的一次[采访][2]中Linus对这次许可证的更改说了这样一句话让Linux遵守GPL绝对是我干过的最正确的事
" Making Linux GPL'd was definitely the best thing I ever did."
**1月29号** : Andrew S. Tanenbaum向comp.os.minix邮件列表发送了一封名为[LINUX is obsolete][3]的邮件。总的来说这次被一些人升级为“战火”的争论是关于Linux和内核架构的。Tanenbaum争辩说微内核比宏内核更加高级所以Linux是过时的。
**4月5号** : 第一个Linux新闻组comp.os.linux由Ari Lemmke提议和开通。
**5月21号** : Peter MacDonald 发布第一个独立的Linux安装包SLS。可以通过软盘安装包括比较前沿的TCP-IP网络支持和X Window系统。建议至少预留10M的磁盘空间来安装。
### 1993 ###
**6月17号** : Slackware Linux由Patrick Volkerding发布。[Slackware][4]被认为是第一个取得广泛成功的Linux发行版而且它现在还在使用。
**8月16号** : Ian MurdockDebian中的'ian'发布了第一个Debian Linux的发行版。Debian是最有影响力的Linux发行版之一是MEPISMintUbuntu和很多其它发行版的鼻祖。
**8月19号** : Matt Welsh写的《Linux Installation and Getting Started》第1版出版这是第一本关于Linux的书籍。
### 1994 ###
**3月14号** : [Linux内核V1.0][5]发布。它支持基于i386单处理器的计算机系统。这3年来内核代码库已经增长到了176,250行。
**3月26号** : 第一期《Linux Journal》杂志发行。这一期杂志的特点是发表了一篇对Linus Torvalds的采访和一些Phil Hughes, Robert “Bob” Young, Michael K. Johnson, Arnold Robbins, Matt Welsh, Ian A写的文章。
**8月15号** : Willian R. Della Croce, Jr. 申请了“Linux”商标9月进行了注册。Della Croce在不知道Linux社区财政窘迫的前提下向煊赫的“Linux公司”写了一封信要求他们为“Linux”商标使用支付费用。直到1997年这次风波以将商标转让给代表所有请愿者和Linux使用者的Linus Torvalds而告终。
**11月3号** : Red Hat的共同创始人Marc Ewing宣布可以以49.95美元的零售价格获得Red Hat Software Linux的CD-ROM和30天的安装支持。2012年Red Hat成为[第一家市值达10亿美元的开源公司][6]。
### 1995 ###
**4月4号** : 开展了第一个专门针对Linux的贸易展和会议系列名字叫Linux Expo。这成为接下来几年中最流行和备受关注的年度Linux盛会。贸易展和会议的入场券价格是4美元。3年后Red Hat接管了组织工作同时也是主要的赞助商。
### 1996 ###
**5月9号** : 最初由Alan Cox提议之后又经Linus Torvalds改良Larry Ewing在1996年创造了现在看到的这只叫做Tux的吉祥物。选定企鹅作为Linux吉祥物的主意来自Linus Torvalds他说自己被一只企鹅轻轻地咬了一口之后就具有了企鹅的特征。这是要变成企鹅侠吗估计是原作者调皮了--译注)
**6月9号** : [Linux内核V2.0][7]发布。相比更早的版本这是一次意义重大的提升这是第一个在单系统中支持多处理器的稳定内核版本也支持更多的处理器类型。Linux从此以后成了很多公司一个郑重选择的对象。你可以阅读1996年8月在Linux Journal上发布的[回顾Linux V2.0][8]来了解更多相关的提升。
**10月14号** : 1996年Mattias Ettrich发起了KDE项目因为他深受Unix桌面系统下应用程序的不一致之苦。(在此之前Unix和Linux都没有一个统一的桌面系统编写桌面软件非常复杂--译注)
### 1997 ###
**1月9号** : 第一个“Linux病毒”Bliss被发现了。Bliss不危害系统的安全它依赖于人们用特权干蠢事来感染系统然后提醒用户只安装从可靠站点下载的可以验证数字签名的软件并且安装之前一定要先验证签名(很多地方把这个算作第2个Linux病毒因为之前还有一个更加“绿色”的病毒--译注)。
“事实上在Linux上写一个病毒可能会更加的简单因为Linux是开源的所有的源代码都是可以获取的。所以随着Linux变得更加通用和流行的时候我们将看到更多的Linux病毒。”--来自McAfee的畅想。
### 1998 ###
**5月1号** : Google搜索引擎面世。它不仅仅是世界上最好的搜索引擎之一更是基于Linux的它的特征是有一个Linux的搜索页面。
**12月4号** : 一份来自IDC的报告称1998年Linux的出货量至少上升了200%市场占有率上升至少150%。Linux的市场占有率为17%,并且以其它任何操作系统无法企及的速度增长着。
### 1999 ###
**2月9号** : Linux和BSD使用者们发起了“Windows退款日”。他们联合起来造访了微软公司希望退还他们在买电脑时绑定购买Windows许可证的钱这些许可证他们从来没有用过。
**3月3号** : 另一个颇具影响力的桌面系统进入了Linux的世界就是[GNOME桌面系统][9]。在很多主要的Linux发行版比如DebianFedoraRedHad Enterprise Linux和SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop中GNOME是默认的桌面环境。
### 2000 ###
**2月4号** : 最新的IDC报告表明Linux现在排在“最受欢迎的服务器操作系统的第2位”1999年服务器系统销售量占总量的25%。Windows NT以38%位列第1NetWare以19%排在第3位。
**3月11号** : 摩托罗拉公司宣布发行HA Linux。这个发行版专注于通信应用领域对系统不关机连续运行时间要求非常高。它还包括了热交换能力和支持i386和PowerPC架构。
**3月23号** : 爱立信公布了“Screen Phone HS210”这是一款基于Linux的触屏手机具备邮件和网页浏览等功能。爱立信和Opera Software公司同时宣布这款手机将会安装Opera的网页浏览器。
**10月30号** : 第一个Linux live发行版由Linux咨询顾问Klaus Knopper发布名字叫做Knoppix。
### 2001 ###
**1月3号** : 美国NAS美国国家安全局以GPL许可证发布了SELinux。SELinux提供了标准Unix权限管理系统以外的另一层安全检查。
### 2003 ###
**3月6号** : SCO Group公司宣布他们正在发起对IBM高达10亿美元的诉讼他们声称IBM把SCO的商业机密整合到了Linux中。之后SCO公司发起了一系列的法律诉讼案这威胁到了很多计算机行业的巨头包括惠普微软NovellSilicon GraphicsSun Microsystems和RedHat。这次案件在Novell公司的支持下于2010年3月30号判决完毕。(著名的SCO-Linux争议SCO声称拥有System V的部分源码所有权IBM将这部分源码整合到Linux中侵犯了SCO著作权。最后联邦法院裁定Novell才是Unix商标的合法拥有者。--译注)
### 2004 ###
**10月20号** : [Ubuntu][10]以一个不同寻常的版本号4.10和怪异的版本代号“Warty Warthog”长满疙瘩的非洲疣猪进入大家的生活。用这个版本号是因为发布日期是2004年10月。Ubuntu的开发由Cannonical Ltd公司主导公司的创始人是Mark Shuttleworth就是那个不到30岁的亿万富翁钱多的不知道怎么花只能烧钱上太空的游一圈的人--译注。Ubuntu虽然不是内核的主要贡献者然而对于Linux的台式机和笔记本电脑的普及Ubuntu扮演着一个重要的角色。
### 2007 ###
**6月6号** : 华硕在2007的台北电脑展上展出了两款“易PC”Eee PC701和1001。第1批易PC预装的是Xandros Linux这是一个基于Debian轻量级的为适应小屏幕进行过优化的Linux发行版。
**8月8号** : 2007年Linux基金会由[开源发展实验室(OSDL)][11]和[自由标准组织(FSG)][12]联合成立。这个基金会目的是赞助Linux创始人Linus的工作。基金会得到了主要的Linux和开源公司包括富士通HPIBMIntelNECOracleQualcomm三星和来自世界各地的开发者的支持。
**11月5号** : 与之前大家推测的发布Gphone不同[Google宣布][13]组建开放手机联盟(Open Handset Alliance)和发布[Android][14],它被称为“第一个真正开放的综合移动设备平台”。
### 2009 ###
**1月29号** : 2009年1月纽约时报称“现在预计有超过10亿人在运行Ubuntu系统”。
### 2011 ###
**5月11号** : 2011年Google I/O大会发布了Chrombook。这是一款运行着所谓云操作系统Chrome OS的笔记本。Chome OS是基于Linux内核的。
**6月21号** : Linus Torvalds 发布了Linux3.0版本。
### 2013 ###
**12月13号** : Valve公司发布基于Linux的SteamOS操作系统这是一个视频游戏控制台系统。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.linuxfederation.com/complete-historical-timeline-linux-evolution/
译者:[love\\_daisy\\_love](https://github.com/CNprober) 校对:[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[0]:http://linux.cn/article-2480-1.html
[1]:https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/Historic/old-versions/RELNOTES-0.12
[2]:http://j.mp/fs-pragmatist
[3]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanenbaum%E2%80%93Torvalds_debate
[4]:http://www.slackware.com/
[5]:https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v1.0/
[6]:http://www.informationweek.com/software/operating-systems/red-hat-first-$1-billion-open-source-company/d/d-id/1103616
[7]:https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.0/
[8]:http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/1311
[9]:http://www.gnome.org/
[10]:http://www.ubuntu.com/
[11]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Source_Development_Labs
[12]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Standards_Group
[13]:http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2007/11/wheres-my-gphone.html
[14]:http://www.android.com/