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158 lines
6.4 KiB
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How to Password Protect a Vim File in Linux
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============================================================
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ch-cn translating
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Download Your Free eBooks NOW - [10 Free Linux eBooks for Administrators][16] | [4 Free Shell Scripting eBooks][17]
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[Vim][5] is a popular, feature-rich and highly-extensible [text editor for Linux][6], and one of its special features is support for encrypting text files using various crypto methods with a password.
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In this article, we will explain to you one of the simple Vim usage tricks; password protecting a file using Vim in Linux. We will show you how to secure a file at the time of its creation as well as after opening it for modification.
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**Suggested Read:** [10 Reasons Why You Should Use Vim Editor in Linux][7]
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To install the full version of Vim, simply run this command:
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```
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$ sudo apt install vim #Debian/Ubuntu systems
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$ sudo yum install vim #RHEL/CentOS systems
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$ sudo dnf install vim #Fedora 22+
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```
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Read Also: [Vim 8.0 Is Released After 10 Years – Install on Linux][8]
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### How to Password Protect a Vim File in Linux
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Vim has a `-x` option which enables you to use encryption when creating files. Once you run the [vim command][9]below, you’ll be prompted for a crypt key:
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```
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$ vim -x file.txt
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Warning: Using a weak encryption method; see :help 'cm'
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Enter encryption key: *******
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Enter same key again: *******
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```
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If the crypto key matches after entering it for the second time, you can proceed to modify the file.
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[][10]
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Vim File Password Protected
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Once your done, press `[Esc]` and `:wq` to save and close the file. The next time you want to open it for editing, you’ll have to enter the crypto key like this:
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```
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$ vim file.txt
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Need encryption key for "file.txt"
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Warning: Using a weak encryption method; see :help 'cm'
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Enter encryption key: *******
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```
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In case you enter a wrong password (or no key), you’ll see some junk characters.
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[][11]
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Vim Content Encrypted
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#### Setting a Strong Encryption Method in Vim
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Note: There is a warning indicating that a weak encryption method has been used to protect the file. Next, we’ll see how to set a strong encryption method in Vim.
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[][12]
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Weak Encryption on Vim File
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To check the set of cryptmethod(cm), type (scroll down to view all available methods):
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```
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:help 'cm'
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```
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##### Sample Output
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```
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*'cryptmethod'* *'cm'*
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'cryptmethod' 'cm' string (default "zip")
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global or local to buffer |global-local|
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{not in Vi}
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Method used for encryption when the buffer is written to a file:
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*pkzip*
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zip PkZip compatible method. A weak kind of encryption.
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Backwards compatible with Vim 7.2 and older.
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*blowfish*
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blowfish Blowfish method. Medium strong encryption but it has
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an implementation flaw. Requires Vim 7.3 or later,
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files can NOT be read by Vim 7.2 and older. This adds
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a "seed" to the file, every time you write the file
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options.txt [Help][RO]
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```
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You can set a new cryptomethod on a Vim file as shown below (we’ll use blowfish2 in this example):
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```
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:setlocal cm=blowfish2
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```
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Then press `[Enter]` and `:wq` to save the file.
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[][13]
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Set Strong Encryption on Vim File
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Now you should not see the warning message when you open the file again as shown below.
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```
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$ vim file.txt
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Need encryption key for "file.txt"
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Enter encryption key: *******
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```
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You can also set a password after opening a Vim text file, use the command`:X` and set a crypto pass like shown above.
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Check out some of our useful articles on Vim editor.
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1. [Learn Useful Vim Editor Trips and Tricks in Linux][1]
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2. [8 Useful Vim Editor Tricks for Every Linux User][2]
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3. [spf13-vim – The Ultimate Distribution for Vim Editor][3]
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4. [How to Use Vim Editor as Bash IDE in Linux][4]
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That’s all! In this article, we explained how to password protect a file via the [Vim text editor in Linux][14].
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Always remember to appropriately secure text files that could contain secret info such as usernames and passwords, financial account info and so on, using strong encryption and a password. Use the feedback section below to share any thoughts with us.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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作者简介：
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Aaron Kili is a Linux and F.O.S.S enthusiast, an upcoming Linux SysAdmin, web developer, and currently a content creator for TecMint who loves working with computers and strongly believes in sharing knowledge.
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------------------
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via: https://www.tecmint.com/password-protect-vim-file-in-linux/
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作者：[Aaron Kili ][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.tecmint.com/author/aaronkili/
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[1]:https://www.tecmint.com/learn-vi-and-vim-editor-tips-and-tricks-in-linux/
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[2]:https://www.tecmint.com/how-to-use-vi-and-vim-editor-in-linux/
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[3]:https://www.tecmint.com/spf13-vim-offers-vim-plugins-vim-editor/
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[4]:https://www.tecmint.com/use-vim-as-bash-ide-using-bash-support-in-linux/
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[5]:https://www.tecmint.com/vi-editor-usage/
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[6]:https://www.tecmint.com/best-open-source-linux-text-editors/
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[7]:https://www.tecmint.com/reasons-to-learn-vi-vim-editor-in-linux/
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[8]:https://www.tecmint.com/vim-8-0-install-in-ubuntu-linux-systems/
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[9]:https://www.tecmint.com/linux-command-line-editors/
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[10]:https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Vim-File-Password-Protected-File.png
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[11]:https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Vim-Content-Encrypted.png
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[12]:https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Weak-Encryption-on-Vim-File.png
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[13]:https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Set-Strong-Encryption-on-Vim-File.png
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[14]:https://www.tecmint.com/vi-editor-usage/
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[15]:https://www.tecmint.com/author/aaronkili/
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[16]:https://www.tecmint.com/10-useful-free-linux-ebooks-for-newbies-and-administrators/
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[17]:https://www.tecmint.com/free-linux-shell-scripting-books/
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