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168 lines
5.5 KiB
Markdown
168 lines
5.5 KiB
Markdown
8个有趣的Linux提示与技巧!
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================================================================================
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我们时不时给你带来关于Linux的提示与技巧。和这个系列保持一致,这里有8个我们从读者收到最有趣的提示和技巧。我们希望你喜欢它。请继续读下去。。。
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![](http://www.efytimes.com/admin/useradmin/photo/j4lm23703PM1182014.jpg)
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### 以它们的大小列出文件 ###
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如果你想要一个基于它们大小排序的文件列表,你可以使用下面的命令。
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它会以递减顺序排列文件。
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# ls -l | grep ^- | sort -nr -k 5 | more
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如果你想要递归地做相同的事,你可以使用下面的第二个命令。
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# ls -lR | grep ^- | sort -nr -k 5 | more
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*—Sumedh Gajbhiye,
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sumedh.gajbhiye1985@gmail.com*
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### 重置奇怪的终端 ###
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如果感觉你的bash终端错误地显示垃圾的提示字符信息,并无论你输入任何命令都显示非ASCII字符-下面的命令可以让事情回到正轨。
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在终端盲打输入(译注:因为你其实看不到你输入的这些字符的正确显示,不过尽管输入好了!)下面的命令并按回车:
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# reset
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如果那个不能修复这个问题,试一下下面的:
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# stty sane
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*—Sudheer Divakaran,
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cdsudheer@gmail.com*
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### 记录并回放终端会话 ###
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下面是一个简单的贴士来记录并回放终端回放。它通过使用命令script和scriptreplay。
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这在使用终端制作教程时非常方便。
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要开始记录你的终端会话,使用下面的命令:
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$ script -t 2> timing.log -a output.session
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接着输入:
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$ ls
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$touch test
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.....
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$ exit
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这里,script命令取两个文件作为参数timing.log(它记录了每个命令执行的时间信息)和output.session(存储了命令的输出)。
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现在,要回访记录的会话,使用下面所示的scriptplay。
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$ scriptreplay timing.log output.session
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注:timing.log和output.session可以被任何想要在自己的终端上重放会话的人使用。
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*—Abhishek Singh,
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abhishekkumarsingh.cse@gmail.com*
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### 使用shell脚本生成随机数 ###
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有时当你想要用shell脚本编程时,可能需要生成一个随机数来用于脚本。
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这里是获得一个3位随机数的代码。
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var=$(dd if=/dev/urandom count=1 2> /dev/null | cksum | cut -f1 -d” “ | cut -c 3-5);
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这回存储随机生成的数字在名为var的变量中。
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*—Arpan Chavda,
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09bce006@nirmauni.ac.in*
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### 以root用户运行Linux上的软件 ###
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作为一名root用户,为了让某些不能在root身份运行的软件运行(译注:典型的是google chrome),你需要在软件的二进制文件中改变geteuid调用为getppid。
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这个技术在操作系统中非常有用,比如backtrack,这里的大多数安装工作都以root用户完成。
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比如:为了以root用户运行Google Chrome,使用下面的命令:
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# hexedit /opt/google/chome/chrome
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接着按下Ctrl+S并在16进制转储文件中搜寻geteuid字符串。用字符串getppid代替。按下Ctrl+X来保存并退出编辑器。
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现在浏览器就可以以root用户运行了。
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# google-chrome
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*—Mayank Bhanderi,
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mbhanderi24@gmail.com*
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### 用gzip压缩优化你的站点 ###
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压缩是一种简单、有效的方法来节约带宽和加速你的站点。在压缩的帮助下,多数站点的主页面会从100KB变成10KB。
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为了在Apache Web服务器中启用这个特性,你需要在httpd.conf中包含deflate_module,并且在Apache配置文件中加入下面的行 (/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf)来压缩text、html、 javascript、 css 和 xml 文件:
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AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/plain
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AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html
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AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/xml
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AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/css
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AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/xml
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AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/xhtml+xml
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AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/rss+xml
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AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/javascript
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AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-javascript
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*—Munish Kumar,
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munishtotech@gmail.com*
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### 在登陆时检查服务器负载信息 ###
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这里有一个贴士来在你登陆服务器的时候检查服务器平均负载。创建一个sload.sh的文本文件,内容如下:
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#!/bin/bash
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gh=$(uptime | awk -F, ‘{print $3}’)
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echo -e “Server$gh\n”
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现在,为了在登陆时检查服务器负载,通过/root/.bashrc调用sload.sh脚本。
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记住如下设置脚本权限:
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# chmod 755 /root/sload.sh
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要调用sload.sh脚本,如下在/root/.bashrc后追加
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/root/sload.sh
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或者你还可以这样追加sload.sh的内容到.bashrc中。
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$echo “/root/sload.sh” >> /root/.bashrc
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当你完成上面的步骤后,你可以登出并再次登陆来查看服务器负载。
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*—Ranjith Kumar T,
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ranjith.stc@gmail.com*
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### 在特定时间开始你的任务 ###
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你可以使用下面的命令来在特定时间调度你的作业:
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# at 2015
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> >vlc /music/rockstar.mp3
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这个命令会在2015小时后使用vlc播放器播放rockstar.mp3。你可以在at命令后跟上-l选项来检查挂起的作业:
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# at -l
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更多at命令的信息可以在man页找到。
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*—Manas Pradhan,
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acmeofmanas@gmail.com*
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.efytimes.com/e1/fullnews.asp?edid=127250
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译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 |