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216 lines
4.7 KiB
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216 lines
4.7 KiB
Markdown
如何在 Ubuntu Linux 16.04 LTS 中使用多个连接加速 apt-get/apt
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=================================================
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我该如何加速在 Ubuntu Linux 16.04 或者 14.04 LTS 上从多个仓库中下载包的 apt-get 或者 apt 命令？
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你需要使用到 apt-fast 这个 shell 封装器。它会通过多个连接同时下载一个包来加速 apt-get/apt 和 aptitude 命令。所有的包都会同时下载。它使用 aria2c 作为默认的下载加速器。
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### 安装 apt-fast 工具
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在 Ubuntu Linux 14.04 或者之后的版本尝试下面的命令：
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```
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$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:saiarcot895/myppa
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```
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示例输出：
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更新你的仓库：
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```
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$ sudo apt-get update
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```
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或者
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```
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$ sudo apt update
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```
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安装 apt-fast：
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```
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$ sudo apt-get -y install apt-fast
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```
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或者
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```
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$ sudo apt -y install apt-fast
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```
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示例输出：
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```
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Reading package lists... Done
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Building dependency tree
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Reading state information... Done
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The following additional packages will be installed:
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aria2 libc-ares2 libssh2-1
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Suggested packages:
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aptitude
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The following NEW packages will be installed:
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apt-fast aria2 libc-ares2 libssh2-1
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0 upgraded, 4 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
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Need to get 1,282 kB of archives.
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After this operation, 4,786 kB of additional disk space will be used.
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Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
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Get:1 http://01.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 libssh2-1 amd64 1.5.0-2 [70.3 kB]
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Get:2 http://ppa.launchpad.net/saiarcot895/myppa/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 apt-fast all 1.8.3~137+git7b72bb7-0ubuntu1~ppa3~xenial1 [34.4 kB]
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Get:3 http://01.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libc-ares2 amd64 1.10.0-3 [33.9 kB]
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Get:4 http://01.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 aria2 amd64 1.19.0-1build1 [1,143 kB]
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54% [4 aria2 486 kB/1,143 kB 42%] 20.4 kB/s 32s
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```
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### 配置 apt-fast
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你将会得到下面的提示（必须输入一个5到16的数值）：
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并且
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你也可以直接编辑设置：
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```
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$ sudo vi /etc/apt-fast.conf
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```
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> **请注意这个工具并不是给慢速网络连接的，它是给快速网络连接的。如果你的网速慢，那么你将无法从这个工具中得到好处。**
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### 我该怎么使用 apt-fast 命令？
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语法是：
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```
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apt-fast command
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apt-fast [options] command
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```
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#### 使用 apt-fast 取回新的包列表
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```
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sudo apt-fast update
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```
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#### 使用 apt-fast 执行升级
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```
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sudo apt-fast upgrade
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```
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#### 执行发行版升级（发布或者强制内核升级），输入：
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```
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$ sudo apt-fast dist-upgrade
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```
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#### 安装新的包
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语法是：
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```
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sudo apt-fast install pkg
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```
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比如要安装 nginx，输入：
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```
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$ sudo apt-fast install nginx
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```
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示例输出：
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#### 删除包
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```
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$ sudo apt-fast remove pkg
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$ sudo apt-fast remove nginx
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```
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#### 删除包和它的配置文件
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```
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$ sudo apt-fast purge pkg
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$ sudo apt-fast purge nginx
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```
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#### 删除所有未使用的包
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```
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$ sudo apt-fast autoremove
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```
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#### 下载源码包
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```
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$ sudo apt-fast source pkgNameHere
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```
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#### 清理下载的文件
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```
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$ sudo apt-fast clean
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```
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#### 清理旧的下载文件
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```
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$ sudo apt-fast autoclean
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```
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#### 验证没有破坏的依赖
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```
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$ sudo apt-fast check
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```
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#### 下载二进制包到当前目录
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```
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$ sudo apt-fast download pkgNameHere
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$ sudo apt-fast download nginx
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```
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示例输出：
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```
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[#7bee0c 0B/0B CN:1 DL:0B]
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07/26 15:35:42 [NOTICE] Verification finished successfully. file=/home/vivek/nginx_1.10.0-0ubuntu0.16.04.2_all.deb
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07/26 15:35:42 [NOTICE] Download complete: /home/vivek/nginx_1.10.0-0ubuntu0.16.04.2_all.deb
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Download Results:
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gid |stat|avg speed |path/URI
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======+====+===========+=======================================================
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7bee0c|OK | n/a|/home/vivek/nginx_1.10.0-0ubuntu0.16.04.2_all.deb
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Status Legend:
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(OK):download completed.
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```
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#### 下载并显示指定包的 changelog
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```
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$ sudo apt-fast changelog pkgNameHere
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$ sudo apt-fast changelog nginx
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```
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-speed-up-apt-get-apt-command-ubuntu-linux/
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作者：[VIVEK GITE][a]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/about-us
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