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38dd7895dd
* PART
* TSL
PART 2
* 完成翻译 (╯°Д°)╯ ┻━┻
* translated by hopefully2333
translated by hopefully2333
* 申领原文
* Update 20190715 What is POSIX- Richard Stallman explains.md
* 提交译文:20190710 Test 200- Linux And Unix Operating Systems Online For Free
* 提交译文:20190710 Test 200- Linux And Unix Operating Systems Online For Free
* TSL
初译
* TSL:20190708 10 ways to get started with Linux
* APL:20190714 Excellent- Ubuntu LTS Users Will Now Get the Latest Nvidia Driver Updates -No PPA Needed Anymore
* TSL&PRF:20190714 Excellent- Ubuntu LTS Users Will Now Get the Latest Nvidia Driver Updates -No PPA Needed Anymore.md
* PUB
@wxy https://linux.cn/article-11110-1.html
* 选题: 20190716 Security scanning your DevOps pipeline
sources/tech/20190716 Security scanning your DevOps pipeline.md
* 选题: 20190716 Save and load Python data with JSON
sources/tech/20190716 Save and load Python data with JSON.md
* 选题: 20190716 Become a lifelong learner and succeed at work
sources/tech/20190716 Become a lifelong learner and succeed at work.md
* Translated
* translated
* translating
* 提交翻译
* 提交翻译
* update
* heguangzhi is translating
* PRF
@vizv
* heguangzhi translated
* leemeans translating
leemeans translating 7 deadly sins of documentation
* PRF
@vizv
* PUB
@vizv https://linux.cn/article-11113-1.html
* PRF
@geekpi
* PUB
@geekpi https://linux.cn/article-11115-1.html
* PRF
@0x996 翻译的不错！恭喜你，完成了第一篇翻译！
* PRF
@WangYueScream 这篇翻译的很好呀
* PUB
@WangYueScream https://linux.cn/article-11116-1.html
* 选题: 20190717 Bond WiFi and Ethernet for easier networking mobility
sources/tech/20190717 Bond WiFi and Ethernet for easier networking mobility.md
* 选题: 20190718 Epic Games Backs Blender Foundation with $1.2m Epic MegaGrants
sources/tech/20190718 Epic Games Backs Blender Foundation with -1.2m Epic MegaGrants.md
* 选题: 20190717 Start tinkering with the Circuit Playground Express
sources/tech/20190717 Start tinkering with the Circuit Playground Express.md
* 选题: 20190717 Get going with EtherCalc, a web-based alternative to Google Sheets
sources/tech/20190717 Get going with EtherCalc, a web-based alternative to Google Sheets.md
* 选题: 20190717 How to install Kibana on MacOS
sources/tech/20190717 How to install Kibana on MacOS.md
* 选题: 20190717 Public internet should be all software-defined
sources/talk/20190717 Public internet should be all software-defined.md
* 选题: 20190717 How edge computing is driving a new era of CDN
sources/talk/20190717 How edge computing is driving a new era of CDN.md
* 选题: 20190717 Mastering user groups on Linux
sources/tech/20190717 Mastering user groups on Linux.md
* 选题: 20190717 MPLS is hanging on in this SD-WAN world
sources/talk/20190717 MPLS is hanging on in this SD-WAN world.md
* 选题: 20190716 Server hardware makers shift production out of China
sources/talk/20190716 Server hardware makers shift production out of China.md
* translated
* translating
* PUB
@0x996 本文首发地址： https://linux.cn/article-11118-1.html
您的 LCTT 专页地址： https://linux.cn/lctt/0x996
请注册领取 LCCN： https://lctt.linux.cn/
* Rename sources/tech/20190718 Epic Games Backs Blender Foundation with -1.2m Epic MegaGrants.md to sources/news/20190718 Epic Games Backs Blender Foundation with -1.2m Epic MegaGrants.md
* Update 20171226 Top 10 Microsoft Visio Alternatives for Linux.md
* Translated
* f
* PRF
@qfzy1233
* PUB
@qfzy1233 https://linux.cn/article-11119-1.html
* 选题: 20190718 What you need to know to be a sysadmin
sources/tech/20190718 What you need to know to be a sysadmin.md
* 选题: 20190718 Redirect a GitHub Pages site with this HTTP hack
sources/tech/20190718 Redirect a GitHub Pages site with this HTTP hack.md
* 选题: 20190718 How to apply 'release early, release often' to build a better brand
sources/tech/20190718 How to apply -release early, release often- to build a better brand.md
* 选题: 20190718 Smart cities offer window into the evolution of enterprise IoT technology
sources/talk/20190718 Smart cities offer window into the evolution of enterprise IoT technology.md
* PRF
@robsean 这篇翻译的很认真
* PUB
@robsean https://linux.cn/article-11120-1.html
* APL:20190718 Epic Games Backs Blender Foundation with -1.2m Epic MegaGrants.md
* TSL&PRF:20190718 Epic Games Backs Blender Foundation with -1.2m Epic MegaGrants.md
* PUB:20190718 Epic Games Backs Blender Foundation with -1.2m Epic MegaGrants.md
@wxy https://linux.cn/article-11121-1.html
* translating
* translated
* translating
* heguangzhi translated
* translated
* translated
* heguangzhi tranlated
* APL:20190717 Mastering user groups on Linux
* PRF
@MjSeven
* PUB
@MjSeven https://linux.cn/article-11123-1.html
* 选题: 20190719 Modifying Windows local accounts with Fedora and chntpw
sources/tech/20190719 Modifying Windows local accounts with Fedora and chntpw.md
* 选题: 20190719 Buying a Linux-ready laptop
sources/tech/20190719 Buying a Linux-ready laptop.md
* 选题: 20190718 Worst DNS attacks and how to mitigate them
sources/talk/20190718 Worst DNS attacks and how to mitigate them.md
* PRF
@wxy
* PUB
@wxy https://linux.cn/article-11124-1.html
* PRF
@geekpi
* PUB
@geekpi https://linux.cn/article-11125-1.html
* hankchow translating
* hankchow translated
* hankchow translated
* 申请翻译 20190718 What you need to know to be a sysadmin.md
申请翻译 20190718 What you need to know to be a sysadmin.md
* PRF
@geekpi
* PUB
@geekpi https://linux.cn/article-11128-1.html
* PRF
@heguangzhi
* PUB
@heguangzhi https://linux.cn/article-11130-1.html
* PRF
@hopefully2333 原文逻辑不通，我做了段落调整
* PUB
@hopefully2333 https://linux.cn/article-11132-1.html
* PRF
@HankChow
* PUB
@HankChow https://linux.cn/article-11133-1.html
* 选题: 20190720 How to Upgrade Debian 9 (Stretch) to Debian 10 (Buster) via Command Line
sources/tech/20190720 How to Upgrade Debian 9 (Stretch) to Debian 10 (Buster) via Command Line.md
* translated
* translating
* APL:20190717 How to install Kibana on MacOS
* PRF
* TSL&PRF
* PUB
@wxy https://linux.cn/article-11135-1.html
* 选题: 20190723 How to Create a User Account Without useradd Command in Linux?
sources/tech/20190723 How to Create a User Account Without useradd Command in Linux.md
* 选题: 20190722 How to run virtual machines with virt-manager
sources/tech/20190722 How to run virtual machines with virt-manager.md
* 选题: 20190723 8 Best Open Source CRM Software
sources/tech/20190723 8 Best Open Source CRM Software.md
* Revert "Revert "超期回收: sources/tech/20131228 Introduction to Clojure - Modern dialect of Lisp (Part 1).md""
This reverts commit 359e0506a2.
* PRF
@ZhiW5217 恭喜你完成了第一篇翻译。
* PUB
@ZhiW5217 本文首发地址： https://linux.cn/article-11138-1.html
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* Translating
* translated
* translated
* PRF
@geekpi
* PUB
@geekpi https://linux.cn/article-11141-1.html
16 KiB
16 KiB
如何在 Debian/Ubuntu 上手动安装安全更新？
在 Linux 上通过命令行安装一个包程序是一件简单的事。在一行命令中组合使用多个命令能让你更加简单地完成任务。
安全更新也同样如此。
在这个教程里面，我们会向你展示如何查看可用的安全更新，以及如何在 Ubuntu、LinuxMint 等等这些基于 Debian 的系统中安装它们。
有三种方法可以完成这件事，下面会详细地描述这三种方法。
作为一个 Linux 管理员，你应该让你的系统保持为最新，这会让你的系统更安全，保护你的系统抵抗意想不到的攻击。
如果你因为一些应用的依赖问题不能解决，导致不能给所有的系统进行全部更新。那至少，你应该打上安全补丁来让你的系统 100% 符合要求。
方法一：如何检查 Debian/Ubuntu 中是否有任何可用的安全更新？
在进行补丁安装之前，检查可用安全更新列表始终是一个好习惯。它会为你提供将在你的系统中进行更新的软件包的列表。
默认情况下，你的系统上应该是已经安装了 unattended-upgrades 包的。但是如果你的系统没有装这个包，那么请使用下面的命令来安装它。
使用 APT-GET 命令 或者 APT 命令 来安装 unattended-upgrades 包。
$ sudo apt-get install unattended-upgrades
或
$ sudo apt install unattended-upgrades
什么是试运行? 大多数的 Linux 命令都有一个试运行选项，它会给出实际的输出但不会下载或安装任何东西。
为此，你需要在 unattended-upgrades 命令中添加 --dry-run 选项。
$ sudo unattended-upgrade --dry-run -d
Initial blacklisted packages:
Initial whitelisted packages:
Starting unattended upgrades script
Allowed origins are: o=Ubuntu,a=bionic, o=Ubuntu,a=bionic-security, o=UbuntuESM,a=bionic
Using (^linux-image-[0-9]+\.[0-9\.]+-.*|^linux-headers-[0-9]+\.[0-9\.]+-.*|^linux-image-extra-[0-9]+\.[0-9\.]+-.*|^linux-modules-[0-9]+\.[0-9\.]+-.*|^linux-modules-extra-[0-9]+\.[0-9\.]+-.*|^linux-signed-image-[0-9]+\.[0-9\.]+-.*|^kfreebsd-image-[0-9]+\.[0-9\.]+-.*|^kfreebsd-headers-[0-9]+\.[0-9\.]+-.*|^gnumach-image-[0-9]+\.[0-9\.]+-.*|^.*-modules-[0-9]+\.[0-9\.]+-.*|^.*-kernel-[0-9]+\.[0-9\.]+-.*|^linux-backports-modules-.*-[0-9]+\.[0-9\.]+-.*|^linux-modules-.*-[0-9]+\.[0-9\.]+-.*|^linux-tools-[0-9]+\.[0-9\.]+-.*|^linux-cloud-tools-[0-9]+\.[0-9\.]+-.*) regexp to find kernel packages
Using (^linux-image-4\.15\.0\-51\-generic$|^linux-headers-4\.15\.0\-51\-generic$|^linux-image-extra-4\.15\.0\-51\-generic$|^linux-modules-4\.15\.0\-51\-generic$|^linux-modules-extra-4\.15\.0\-51\-generic$|^linux-signed-image-4\.15\.0\-51\-generic$|^kfreebsd-image-4\.15\.0\-51\-generic$|^kfreebsd-headers-4\.15\.0\-51\-generic$|^gnumach-image-4\.15\.0\-51\-generic$|^.*-modules-4\.15\.0\-51\-generic$|^.*-kernel-4\.15\.0\-51\-generic$|^linux-backports-modules-.*-4\.15\.0\-51\-generic$|^linux-modules-.*-4\.15\.0\-51\-generic$|^linux-tools-4\.15\.0\-51\-generic$|^linux-cloud-tools-4\.15\.0\-51\-generic$) regexp to find running kernel packages
Checking: apt ([])
adjusting candidate version: apt=1.6.6ubuntu0.1
Checking: apt-utils ([])
adjusting candidate version: apt-utils=1.6.6ubuntu0.1
Checking: bash ([])
.
.
Checking: xxd ([, ])
pkgs that look like they should be upgraded: binutils
binutils-common
binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu
cpp
cpp-7
dbus
dbus-user-session
dbus-x11
firefox
firefox-locale-en
g++
g++-7
gcc
gcc-7
gcc-7-base
gcc-8-base
libasan4
libatomic1
libbinutils
libcc1-0
libcilkrts5
libdbus-1-3
libdbus-1-dev
libgcc-7-dev
libgcc1
libgfortran4
libgomp1
libitm1
liblsan0
libmpx2
libquadmath0
libstdc++-7-dev
libstdc++6
libtsan0
libubsan0
vim-common
vim-tiny
xxd
如果在终端里，上面的命令输出说 “No packages found that can be upgraded unattended and no pending auto-removals”，这意味着你的系统已经是最新的了。
如何在 Debian/Ubuntu 中安装可用的安全更新？
如果你在上面的命令输出中获得了任意的软件包更新，就运行下面的命令来安装它们。
$ sudo unattended-upgrade -d
除此之外，你也可以使用 apt-get 命令来进行安装。但是这个方法有点棘手，我会建议用户用第一个选项。
方法二：如何使用 apt-get 命令在 Debian/Ubuntu 中检查是否有可用的安全更新？
在你的 Debian/Ubuntu 系统中运行下面的命令来查看可用安全更新的列表。
$ sudo apt-get -s dist-upgrade | grep "^Inst" | grep -i securi
Inst libquadmath0 [8.2.0-1ubuntu2~18.04] (8.3.0-6ubuntu1~18.04.1 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64]) []
Inst libitm1 [8.2.0-1ubuntu2~18.04] (8.3.0-6ubuntu1~18.04.1 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64]) []
Inst gcc-8-base [8.2.0-1ubuntu2~18.04] (8.3.0-6ubuntu1~18.04.1 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64]) [libmpx2:amd64 libgcc1:amd64 libtsan0:amd64 liblsan0:amd64 libgomp1:amd64 libatomic1:amd64 libcc1-0:amd64 libstdc++6:amd64 ]
Inst libgcc1 [1:8.2.0-1ubuntu2~18.04] (1:8.3.0-6ubuntu1~18.04.1 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64]) [libmpx2:amd64 libtsan0:amd64 liblsan0:amd64 libgomp1:amd64 libatomic1:amd64 libcc1-0:amd64 libstdc++6:amd64 ]
Inst libmpx2 [8.2.0-1ubuntu2~18.04] (8.3.0-6ubuntu1~18.04.1 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64]) [libtsan0:amd64 liblsan0:amd64 libgomp1:amd64 libatomic1:amd64 libcc1-0:amd64 libstdc++6:amd64 ]
Inst liblsan0 [8.2.0-1ubuntu2~18.04] (8.3.0-6ubuntu1~18.04.1 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64]) [libtsan0:amd64 libgomp1:amd64 libatomic1:amd64 libcc1-0:amd64 libstdc++6:amd64 ]
Inst libtsan0 [8.2.0-1ubuntu2~18.04] (8.3.0-6ubuntu1~18.04.1 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64]) [libgomp1:amd64 libatomic1:amd64 libcc1-0:amd64 libstdc++6:amd64 ]
Inst libcc1-0 [8.2.0-1ubuntu2~18.04] (8.3.0-6ubuntu1~18.04.1 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64]) [libgomp1:amd64 libatomic1:amd64 libstdc++6:amd64 ]
Inst libatomic1 [8.2.0-1ubuntu2~18.04] (8.3.0-6ubuntu1~18.04.1 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64]) [libgomp1:amd64 libstdc++6:amd64 ]
Inst libgomp1 [8.2.0-1ubuntu2~18.04] (8.3.0-6ubuntu1~18.04.1 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64]) [libstdc++6:amd64 ]
Inst libstdc++6 [8.2.0-1ubuntu2~18.04] (8.3.0-6ubuntu1~18.04.1 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64])
Inst libdbus-1-dev [1.12.2-1ubuntu1] (1.12.2-1ubuntu1.1 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64]) []
Inst dbus-user-session [1.12.2-1ubuntu1] (1.12.2-1ubuntu1.1 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64]) []
Inst dbus-x11 [1.12.2-1ubuntu1] (1.12.2-1ubuntu1.1 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64]) []
Inst dbus [1.12.2-1ubuntu1] (1.12.2-1ubuntu1.1 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64]) []
Inst libdbus-1-3 [1.12.2-1ubuntu1] (1.12.2-1ubuntu1.1 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64])
Inst xxd [2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1] (2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1.1 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64])
Inst vim-tiny [2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1] (2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1.1 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64]) []
Inst vim-common [2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1] (2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1.1 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [all])
Inst binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu [2.30-21ubuntu1~18.04] (2.30-21ubuntu1~18.04.2 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64]) [binutils:amd64 ]
Inst binutils-common [2.30-21ubuntu1~18.04] (2.30-21ubuntu1~18.04.2 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64]) [binutils:amd64 libbinutils:amd64 ]
Inst binutils [2.30-21ubuntu1~18.04] (2.30-21ubuntu1~18.04.2 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64]) [libbinutils:amd64 ]
Inst libbinutils [2.30-21ubuntu1~18.04] (2.30-21ubuntu1~18.04.2 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64])
Inst libasan4 [7.3.0-27ubuntu1~18.04] (7.4.0-1ubuntu1~18.04.1 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64]) []
Inst libubsan0 [7.3.0-27ubuntu1~18.04] (7.4.0-1ubuntu1~18.04.1 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64]) []
Inst libcilkrts5 [7.3.0-27ubuntu1~18.04] (7.4.0-1ubuntu1~18.04.1 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64]) []
Inst g++-7 [7.3.0-27ubuntu1~18.04] (7.4.0-1ubuntu1~18.04.1 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64]) []
Inst gcc-7 [7.3.0-27ubuntu1~18.04] (7.4.0-1ubuntu1~18.04.1 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64]) []
Inst libstdc++-7-dev [7.3.0-27ubuntu1~18.04] (7.4.0-1ubuntu1~18.04.1 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64]) []
Inst libgcc-7-dev [7.3.0-27ubuntu1~18.04] (7.4.0-1ubuntu1~18.04.1 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64]) []
Inst libgfortran4 [7.3.0-27ubuntu1~18.04] (7.4.0-1ubuntu1~18.04.1 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64]) []
Inst cpp-7 [7.3.0-27ubuntu1~18.04] (7.4.0-1ubuntu1~18.04.1 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64]) []
Inst gcc-7-base [7.3.0-27ubuntu1~18.04] (7.4.0-1ubuntu1~18.04.1 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64])
Inst cpp [4:7.3.0-3ubuntu2.1] (4:7.4.0-1ubuntu2.3 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64])
Inst firefox [67.0.1+build1-0ubuntu0.18.04.1] (67.0.2+build2-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64])
Inst firefox-locale-en [67.0.1+build1-0ubuntu0.18.04.1] (67.0.2+build2-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64])
Inst gcc [4:7.3.0-3ubuntu2.1] (4:7.4.0-1ubuntu2.3 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64])
Inst g++ [4:7.3.0-3ubuntu2.1] (4:7.4.0-1ubuntu2.3 Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-updates, Ubuntu:18.04/bionic-security [amd64])
如何使用 apt-get 命令在 Debian/Ubuntu 系统中安装可用的安全更新？
如果你在上面命令的输出中发现任何的软件包更新。就运行下面的命令来安装它们。
$ sudo apt-get -s dist-upgrade | grep "^Inst" | grep -i securi | awk -F " " {'print $2'} | xargs apt-get install
除此之外，也可以使用 apt 命令来完成。但是这个方法有点棘手，我会建议用户用第一个方式。
方法三：如何使用 apt 命令在 Debian/Ubuntu 系统中检查是否有可用的安全更新？
在 Debian/Ubuntu 系统中运行下面的命令来查看可用安全更新的列表。
$ sudo apt list --upgradable | grep -e "-security"
binutils/bionic-updates,bionic-security 2.30-21ubuntu1~18.04.2 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.30-21ubuntu1~18.04]
binutils-common/bionic-updates,bionic-security 2.30-21ubuntu1~18.04.2 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.30-21ubuntu1~18.04]
binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu/bionic-updates,bionic-security 2.30-21ubuntu1~18.04.2 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.30-21ubuntu1~18.04]
cpp/bionic-updates,bionic-security 4:7.4.0-1ubuntu2.3 amd64 [upgradable from: 4:7.3.0-3ubuntu2.1]
cpp-7/bionic-updates,bionic-security 7.4.0-1ubuntu1~18.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 7.3.0-27ubuntu1~18.04]
dbus/bionic-updates,bionic-security 1.12.2-1ubuntu1.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.12.2-1ubuntu1]
dbus-user-session/bionic-updates,bionic-security 1.12.2-1ubuntu1.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.12.2-1ubuntu1]
dbus-x11/bionic-updates,bionic-security 1.12.2-1ubuntu1.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.12.2-1ubuntu1]
firefox/bionic-updates,bionic-security 67.0.2+build2-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 67.0.1+build1-0ubuntu0.18.04.1]
firefox-locale-en/bionic-updates,bionic-security 67.0.2+build2-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 67.0.1+build1-0ubuntu0.18.04.1]
g++/bionic-updates,bionic-security 4:7.4.0-1ubuntu2.3 amd64 [upgradable from: 4:7.3.0-3ubuntu2.1]
g++-7/bionic-updates,bionic-security 7.4.0-1ubuntu1~18.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 7.3.0-27ubuntu1~18.04]
gcc/bionic-updates,bionic-security 4:7.4.0-1ubuntu2.3 amd64 [upgradable from: 4:7.3.0-3ubuntu2.1]
gcc-7/bionic-updates,bionic-security 7.4.0-1ubuntu1~18.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 7.3.0-27ubuntu1~18.04]
gcc-7-base/bionic-updates,bionic-security 7.4.0-1ubuntu1~18.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 7.3.0-27ubuntu1~18.04]
gcc-8-base/bionic-updates,bionic-security 8.3.0-6ubuntu1~18.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 8.2.0-1ubuntu2~18.04]
libasan4/bionic-updates,bionic-security 7.4.0-1ubuntu1~18.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 7.3.0-27ubuntu1~18.04]
libatomic1/bionic-updates,bionic-security 8.3.0-6ubuntu1~18.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 8.2.0-1ubuntu2~18.04]
libbinutils/bionic-updates,bionic-security 2.30-21ubuntu1~18.04.2 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.30-21ubuntu1~18.04]
libcc1-0/bionic-updates,bionic-security 8.3.0-6ubuntu1~18.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 8.2.0-1ubuntu2~18.04]
libcilkrts5/bionic-updates,bionic-security 7.4.0-1ubuntu1~18.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 7.3.0-27ubuntu1~18.04]
libdbus-1-3/bionic-updates,bionic-security 1.12.2-1ubuntu1.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.12.2-1ubuntu1]
libdbus-1-dev/bionic-updates,bionic-security 1.12.2-1ubuntu1.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 1.12.2-1ubuntu1]
libgcc-7-dev/bionic-updates,bionic-security 7.4.0-1ubuntu1~18.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 7.3.0-27ubuntu1~18.04]
libgcc1/bionic-updates,bionic-security 1:8.3.0-6ubuntu1~18.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 1:8.2.0-1ubuntu2~18.04]
libgfortran4/bionic-updates,bionic-security 7.4.0-1ubuntu1~18.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 7.3.0-27ubuntu1~18.04]
libgomp1/bionic-updates,bionic-security 8.3.0-6ubuntu1~18.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 8.2.0-1ubuntu2~18.04]
libitm1/bionic-updates,bionic-security 8.3.0-6ubuntu1~18.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 8.2.0-1ubuntu2~18.04]
liblsan0/bionic-updates,bionic-security 8.3.0-6ubuntu1~18.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 8.2.0-1ubuntu2~18.04]
libmpx2/bionic-updates,bionic-security 8.3.0-6ubuntu1~18.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 8.2.0-1ubuntu2~18.04]
libquadmath0/bionic-updates,bionic-security 8.3.0-6ubuntu1~18.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 8.2.0-1ubuntu2~18.04]
libstdc++-7-dev/bionic-updates,bionic-security 7.4.0-1ubuntu1~18.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 7.3.0-27ubuntu1~18.04]
libstdc++6/bionic-updates,bionic-security 8.3.0-6ubuntu1~18.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 8.2.0-1ubuntu2~18.04]
libtsan0/bionic-updates,bionic-security 8.3.0-6ubuntu1~18.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 8.2.0-1ubuntu2~18.04]
libubsan0/bionic-updates,bionic-security 7.4.0-1ubuntu1~18.04.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 7.3.0-27ubuntu1~18.04]
vim-common/bionic-updates,bionic-updates,bionic-security,bionic-security 2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1.1 all [upgradable from: 2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1]
vim-tiny/bionic-updates,bionic-security 2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1]
xxd/bionic-updates,bionic-security 2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1.1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1]
如何在 Debian/Ubuntu 系统中使用 apt 命令来安装可用的安全更新？
如果你在上面命令的输出中发现任何的软件包更新。就运行下面的命令来安装它们。
$ sudo apt list --upgradable | grep -e "-security" | awk -F "/" '{print $1}' | xargs apt install
同样，下面的文件也会告诉你更新包的总数。
$ sudo cat /var/lib/update-notifier/updates-available
190 packages can be updated.
39 updates are security updates.
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/manually-install-security-updates-ubuntu-debian/
作者：Magesh Maruthamuthu 选题：lujun9972 译者：hopefully2333 校对：wxy