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294 lines
8.6 KiB
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294 lines
8.6 KiB
Markdown
用 C 语言对 Gtk+ 应用进行功能测试
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========
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> 这个简单教程教你如何测试你应用的功能
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自动化测试用来保证你程序的质量以及让它以预想的运行。单元测试只是检测你算法的某一部分，而并不注重各组件间的适应性。这就是为什么会有功能测试，它有时也称为集成测试。
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功能测试简单地与你的用户界面进行交互，无论它是网站还是桌面应用。为了展示功能测试如何工作，我们以测试一个 Gtk+ 应用为例。为了简单起见，这个教程里，我们使用 Gtk+ 2.0 教程的示例。
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### 基础设置
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对于每一个功能测试，你通常需要定义一些全局变量，比如 “用户交互时延” 或者 “失败的超时时间”（也就是说，如果在指定的时间内一个事件没有发生，程序就要中断）。
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```
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#define TTT_FUNCTIONAL_TEST_UTIL_IDLE_CONDITION(f) ((TttFunctionalTestUtilIdleCondition)(f))
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#define TTT_FUNCTIONAL_TEST_UTIL_REACTION_TIME (125000)
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#define TTT_FUNCTIONAL_TEST_UTIL_REACTION_TIME_LONG (500000)
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typedef gboolean (*TttFunctionalTestUtilIdleCondition)(gpointer data);
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struct timespec ttt_functional_test_util_default_timeout = {
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20,
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0,
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};
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```
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现在我们可以实现我们自己的超时函数。这里，为了能够得到期望的延迟，我们采用 `usleep` 函数。
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```
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void
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ttt_functional_test_util_reaction_time()
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{
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usleep(TTT_FUNCTIONAL_TEST_UTIL_REACTION_TIME);
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}
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void
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ttt_functional_test_util_reaction_time_long()
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{
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usleep(TTT_FUNCTIONAL_TEST_UTIL_REACTION_TIME_LONG);
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}
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```
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直到获得控制状态，超时函数才会推迟执行。这对于一个异步执行的动作很有帮助，这也是为什么采用这么长的时延。
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```
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void
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ttt_functional_test_util_idle_condition_and_timeout(
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TttFunctionalTestUtilIdleCondition idle_condition,
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struct timespec *timeout,
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pointer data)
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{
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struct timespec start_time, current_time;
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clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC,
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&start_time);
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while(TTT_FUNCTIONAL_TEST_UTIL_IDLE_CONDITION(idle_condition)(data)){
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ttt_functional_test_util_reaction_time();
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clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC,
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¤t_time);
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if(start_time.tv_sec + timeout->tv_sec < current_time.tv_sec){
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break;
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}
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}
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ttt_functional_test_util_reaction_time();
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}
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```
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### 与图形化用户界面交互
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为了模拟用户交互的操作， [Gdk 库][7] 为我们提供了一些需要的函数。要完成我们的工作，我们只需要如下 3 个函数：
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* `gdk_display_warp_pointer()`
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* `gdk_test_simulate_button()`
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* `gdk_test_simulate_key()`
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举个例子，为了测试按钮点击，我们可以这么做：
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```
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gboolean
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ttt_functional_test_util_button_click(GtkButton *button)
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{
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GtkWidget *widget;
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GdkWindow *window;
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gint x, y;
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gint origin_x, origin_y;
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if(button == NULL ||
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!GTK_IS_BUTTON(button)){
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return(FALSE);
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}
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widget = button;
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if(!GTK_WIDGET_REALIZED(widget)){
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ttt_functional_test_util_reaction_time_long();
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}
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/* retrieve window and pointer position */
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gdk_threads_enter();
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window = gtk_widget_get_window(widget);
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x = widget->allocation.x + widget->allocation.width / 2.0;
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y = widget->allocation.y + widget->allocation.height / 2.0;
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gdk_window_get_origin(window, &origin_x, &origin_y);
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gdk_display_warp_pointer(gtk_widget_get_display(widget),
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gtk_widget_get_screen(widget),
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origin_x + x, origin_y + y);
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gdk_threads_leave();
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/* click the button */
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ttt_functional_test_util_reaction_time();
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gdk_test_simulate_button(window,
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x,
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y,
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1,
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GDK_BUTTON1_MASK,
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GDK_BUTTON_PRESS);
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ttt_functional_test_util_reaction_time();
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gdk_test_simulate_button(window,
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x,
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y,
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1,
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GDK_BUTTON1_MASK,
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GDK_BUTTON_RELEASE);
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ttt_functional_test_util_reaction_time();
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ttt_functional_test_util_reaction_time_long();
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return(TRUE);
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}
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```
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我们想要保证按钮处于激活状态，因此我们提供一个空闲条件函数：
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```
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gboolean
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ttt_functional_test_util_idle_test_toggle_active(
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GtkToggleButton **toggle_button)
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{
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gboolean do_idle;
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do_idle = TRUE;
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gdk_threads_enter();
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if(*toggle_button != NULL &&
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GTK_IS_TOGGLE_BUTTON(*toggle_button) &&
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gtk_toggle_button_get_active(*toggle_button)){
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do_idle = FALSE;
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}
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gdk_threads_leave();
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return(do_idle);
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}
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```
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### 测试场景
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因为这个 Tictactoe 程序非常简单，我们只需要确保点击了一个 [**GtkToggleButton**][8] 按钮即可。一旦该按钮肯定进入了激活状态，功能测试就可以执行。为了点击按钮，我们使用上面提到的很方便的 `util` 函数。
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如图所示，我们假设，填满第一行，玩家 A 就赢，因为玩家 B 没有注意，只填充了第二行。
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```
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GtkWindow *window;
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Tictactoe *ttt;
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void*
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ttt_functional_test_gtk_main(void *)
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{
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gtk_main();
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pthread_exit(NULL);
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}
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void
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ttt_functional_test_dumb_player_b()
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{
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GtkButton *buttons[3][3];
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guint i;
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/* to avoid race-conditions copy the buttons */
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gdk_threads_enter();
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memcpy(buttons, ttt->buttons, 9 * sizeof(GtkButton *));
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gdk_threads_leave();
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/* TEST 1 - the dumb player B */
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for(i = 0; i < 3; i++){
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/* assert player A clicks the button successfully */
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if(!ttt_functional_test_util_button_click(buttons[0][i])){
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exit(-1);
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}
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functional_test_util_idle_condition_and_timeout(
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ttt_functional_test_util_idle_test_toggle_active,
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ttt_functional_test_util_default_timeout,
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&buttons[0][i]);
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/* assert player B clicks the button successfully */
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if(!ttt_functional_test_util_button_click(buttons[1][i])){
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exit(-1);
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}
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functional_test_util_idle_condition_and_timeout(
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ttt_functional_test_util_idle_test_toggle_active,
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ttt_functional_test_util_default_timeout,
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&buttons[1][i]);
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}
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}
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int
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main(int argc, char **argv)
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{
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pthread_t thread;
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gtk_init(&argc, &argv);
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/* start the tictactoe application */
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window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
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ttt = tictactoe_new();
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gtk_container_add(window, ttt);
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gtk_widget_show_all(window);
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/* start the Gtk+ dispatcher */
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pthread_create(&thread, NULL,
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ttt_functional_test_gtk_main, NULL);
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/* launch test routines */
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ttt_functional_test_dumb_player_b();
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/* terminate the application */
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gdk_threads_enter();
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gtk_main_quit();
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gdk_threads_leave();
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return(0);
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}
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```
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（题图：opensource.com）
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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作者简介：
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Joël Krähemann - 精通 C 语言编程的自由软件爱好者。不管代码多复杂，它也是一点点写成的。作为高级的 Gtk+ 程序开发者，我知道多线程编程有多大的挑战性，有了多线程编程，我们就有了未来需求的良好基础。
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----
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via: https://opensource.com/article/17/7/functional-testing
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作者：[Joël Krähemann][a]
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译者：[sugarfillet](https://github.com/sugarfillet)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://opensource.com/users/joel2001k
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[1]:http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/memcpy.html
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[2]:http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/exit.html
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[3]:http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/exit.html
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[4]:https://opensource.com/article/17/7/functional-testing?rate=BxwmcarRgeZ4CW_9EkWQKKS2LxDGFqMMiUtt9z-ofhY
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[5]:https://opensource.com/user/127961/feed
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[6]:https://developer.gnome.org/gtk-tutorial/stable/
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[7]:https://developer.gnome.org/gdk3/stable/
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[8]:https://developer.gnome.org/gtk3/stable/GtkToggleButton.html
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[9]:https://opensource.com/users/joel2001k
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[10]:https://opensource.com/users/joel2001k
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[11]:https://opensource.com/article/17/7/functional-testing#comments
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