mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2024-12-29 21:41:00 +08:00
169 lines
6.2 KiB
Markdown
169 lines
6.2 KiB
Markdown
Using Ansible to set up a workstation
|
||
======
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Ansible is an extremely popular [open-source configuration management and software automation project][1]. While IT professionals almost certainly use Ansible on a daily basis, its influence outside the IT industry is not as wide. Ansible is a powerful and flexible tool. It is easily applied to a task common to nearly every desktop computer user: the post-installation “checklist”.
|
||
|
||
Most users like to apply one “tweak” after a new installation. Ansible’s idempotent, declarative syntax lends itself perfectly to describing how a system should be configured.
|
||
|
||
### Ansible in a nutshell
|
||
|
||
The _ansible_ program itself performs a **single task** against a set of hosts. This is roughly conceptualized as:
|
||
```
|
||
for HOST in $HOSTS; do
|
||
ssh $HOST /usr/bin/echo "Hello World"
|
||
done
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
To perform more than one task, Ansible defines the concept of a “playbook”. A playbook is a YAML file describing the _state_ of the targeted machine. When run, Ansible inspects each host and performs only the tasks necessary to enforce the state defined in the playbook.
|
||
```
|
||
- hosts: all
|
||
tasks:
|
||
- name: Echo "Hello World"
|
||
command: echo "Hello World"
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Run the playbook using the _ansible-playbook_ command:
|
||
```
|
||
$ ansible-playbook ~/playbook.yml
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Configuring a workstation
|
||
|
||
Start by installing ansible:
|
||
```
|
||
dnf install ansible
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Next, create a file to store the playbook:
|
||
```
|
||
touch ~/post_install.yml
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Start by defining the host on which to run this playbook. In this case, “localhost”:
|
||
```
|
||
- hosts: localhost
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Each task consists of a _name_ field and a module field. Ansible has **a lot** of [modules][2]. Be sure to browse the module index to become familiar with all Ansible has to offer.
|
||
|
||
#### The package module
|
||
|
||
Most users install additional packages after a fresh install, and many like to remove some shipped software they don’t use. The _[package][3]_ module provides a generic wrapper around the system package manager (in Fedora’s case, _dnf_ ).
|
||
```
|
||
- hosts: localhost
|
||
tasks:
|
||
- name: Install Builder
|
||
become: yes
|
||
package:
|
||
name: gnome-builder
|
||
state: present
|
||
- name: Remove Rhythmbox
|
||
become: yes
|
||
package:
|
||
name: rhythmbox
|
||
state: absent
|
||
- name: Install GNOME Music
|
||
become: yes
|
||
package:
|
||
name: gnome-music
|
||
state: present
|
||
- name: Remove Shotwell
|
||
become: yes
|
||
package:
|
||
name: shotwell
|
||
state: absent
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
This playbook results in the following outcomes:
|
||
|
||
* GNOME Builder and GNOME Music are installed
|
||
* Rhythmbox is removed
|
||
* On Fedora 28 or greater, nothing happens with Shotwell (it is not in the default list of packages)
|
||
* On Fedora 27 or older, Shotwell is removed
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
This playbook also introduces the **become: yes** directive. This specifies the task must be run by a privileged user (in most cases, _root_ ).
|
||
|
||
#### The DConf Module
|
||
|
||
Ansible can do a lot more than install software. For example, GNOME includes a great color-shifting feature called Night Light. It ships disabled by default, however the Ansible _[dconf][4]_ module can very easily enable it.
|
||
```
|
||
- hosts: localhost
|
||
tasks:
|
||
- name: Enable Night Light
|
||
dconf:
|
||
key: /org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/color/night-light-enabled
|
||
value: true
|
||
- name: Set Night Light Temperature
|
||
dconf:
|
||
key: /org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/color/night-light-temperature
|
||
value: uint32 5500
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Ansible can also create files at specified locations with the _[copy][5]_ module. In this example, a local file is copied to the destination path.
|
||
```
|
||
- hosts: localhost
|
||
tasks:
|
||
- name: Enable "AUTH_ADMIN_KEEP" for pkexec
|
||
become: yes
|
||
copy:
|
||
src: files/51-pkexec-auth-admin-keep.rules
|
||
dest: /etc/polkit-1/rules.d/51-pkexec-auth-admin-keep.rules
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### The Command Module
|
||
|
||
Ansible can still run commands even if no specialized module exists (via the aptly named _[command][6]_ module). This playbook enables the [Flathub][7] repository and installs a few Flatpaks. The commands are crafted in such a way that they are effectively idempotent. This is an important behavior to consider; a playbook should succeed each time it is run on a machine.
|
||
```
|
||
- hosts: localhost
|
||
tasks:
|
||
- name: Enable Flathub repository
|
||
become: yes
|
||
command: flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo
|
||
- name: Install Fractal
|
||
become: yes
|
||
command: flatpak install --assumeyes flathub org.gnome.Fractal
|
||
- name: Install Spotify
|
||
become: yes
|
||
command: flatpak install --assumeyes flathub com.spotify.Client
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Combine all these tasks together into a single playbook and, in one command, ** Ansible will customize a freshly installed workstation. Not only that, but 6 months later, after making changes to the playbook, run it again to bring a “seasoned” install back to a known state.
|
||
```
|
||
$ ansible-playbook -K ~/post_install.yml
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
This article only touched the surface of what’s possible with Ansible. A follow-up article will go into more advanced Ansible concepts such as _roles,_ configuring multiple hosts with a divided set of responsibilities.
|
||
|
||
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
via: https://fedoramagazine.org/using-ansible-setup-workstation/
|
||
|
||
作者：[Link Dupont][a]
|
||
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
|
||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||
|
||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||
|
||
[a]:https://fedoramagazine.org/author/linkdupont/
|
||
[1]:https://ansible.com
|
||
[2]:https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/modules/list_of_all_modules.html
|
||
[3]:https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/modules/package_module.html#package-module
|
||
[4]:https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/modules/dconf_module.html#dconf-module
|
||
[5]:https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/modules/copy_module.html#copy-module
|
||
[6]:https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/modules/command_module.html#command-module
|
||
[7]:https://flathub.org
|