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386 lines
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386 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: ( luming)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (How To Copy A File/Folder From A Local System To Remote System In Linux?)
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[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-scp-rsync-pscp-command-copy-files-folders-in-multiple-servers-using-shell-script/)
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[#]: author: (Prakash Subramanian https://www.2daygeek.com/author/prakash/)
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如何在 Linux 上拷贝文件/文件夹到远程系统?
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======
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从一个服务器拷贝文件到另一个服务器,或是从本地到远程是 Linux 管理员的日常任务之一。
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如果有人说不,我不接受。因为无论去哪这都是你的日常操作之一。
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有很多办法都能解决,我们就试着加以概括。
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你可以挑一个喜欢的方法。当然,看看其他命令也能在别的地方帮到你。
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我已经在自己的环境下测试过所有的命令和脚本了,因此你可以直接用到日常工作当中。
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通常大家都倾向 `scp` ,因为它是文件拷贝的<ruby>原生命令<rt>native command</rt></ruby>之一。但本文所列出的其它命令也很好用,建议你尝试一下。
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文件拷贝可以轻易地用以下四种方法。
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**`SCP`**:`scp` 在网络上的两个主机之间拷贝文件,与 `ssh` 使用相同的认证方式,具有相同的安全性。
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**`RSYNC`**:`rsync`是一个即快速又出众的多功能文件拷贝工具。它能本地拷贝,通过远程 shell 在其它主机之间拷贝,或者远程 `rsync` <ruby>守护进程<rt>daemon</rt></ruby>。
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**`PSCP`**:`pscp` 是一个并行拷贝文件到多个主机上的程序。它提供了诸多特性,例如为 scp 配置免密传输,保存输出到 文件,统计时长。
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**`PRSYNC`**:`prsync` 也是一个并行拷贝文件到多个主机上的程序。它也提供了诸多特性,例如为 ssh 配置免密传输,保存输出到 文件,统计时长。
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### 方式1:如何在 Linux 上使用 scp 命令从本地系统向远程系统拷贝文件/文件夹?
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`scp` 命令可以让我们拷贝文件/文件夹到远程系统上。
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我会把 `output.txt` 文件从本地系统拷贝到 `2g.CentOS.com` 远程系统的 `/opt/backup` 文件夹下。
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```
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# scp output.txt root@2g.CentOS.com:/opt/backup
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output.txt 100% 2468 2.4KB/s 00:00
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```
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拷贝两个文件 `output.txt` 和 `passwd-up.sh` 到远程系统 `2g.CentOs.com` 的 `/opt/backup` 文件夹下。
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```
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# scp output.txt passwd-up.sh root@2g.CentOS.com:/opt/backup
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output.txt 100% 2468 2.4KB/s 00:00
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passwd-up.sh 100% 877 0.9KB/s 00:00
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```
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拷贝 `shell-script` 文件夹到远程系统`2g.CentOs.com` 的 `/opt/back` 文件夹下。
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这会连同`/opt/backup`文件夹下所有的文件一同拷贝进去。
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```
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# scp -r /home/daygeek/2g/shell-script/ root@:/opt/backup/
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output.txt 100% 2468 2.4KB/s 00:00
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ovh.sh 100% 76 0.1KB/s 00:00
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passwd-up.sh 100% 877 0.9KB/s 00:00
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passwd-up1.sh 100% 7 0.0KB/s 00:00
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server-list.txt 100% 23 0.0KB/s 00:00
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```
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### 方式2:如何在 Linux 上使用 scp 命令和 Shell 脚本拷贝文件/文件夹到多个远程系统上?
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如果你想拷贝同一个文件到多个远程服务器上,那就需要创建一个如下面那样的小 shell 脚本。
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并且,需要将服务器添加进 `server-list.txt` 文件。确保添加成功后,每个服务器之间应当空一行。
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最终,你想要的脚本就像下面这样:
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```
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# file-copy.sh
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#!/bin/sh
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for server in `more server-list.txt`
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do
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scp /home/daygeek/2g/shell-script/output.txt root@$server:/opt/backup
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done
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```
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完成之后,给 `file-copy.sh` 文件设置可执行权限。
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```
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# chmod +x file-copy.sh
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```
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最后运行脚本完成拷贝。
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```
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# ./file-copy.sh
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output.txt 100% 2468 2.4KB/s 00:00
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output.txt 100% 2468 2.4KB/s 00:00
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```
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使用下面的脚本可以拷贝多个文件到多个远程服务器上。
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```
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# file-copy.sh
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#!/bin/sh
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for server in `more server-list.txt`
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do
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scp /home/daygeek/2g/shell-script/output.txt passwd-up.sh root@$server:/opt/backup
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done
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```
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下面结果显示所有的两个文件都拷贝到两个服务器上。
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```
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# ./file-cp.sh
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output.txt 100% 2468 2.4KB/s 00:00
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passwd-up.sh 100% 877 0.9KB/s 00:00
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output.txt 100% 2468 2.4KB/s 00:00
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passwd-up.sh 100% 877 0.9KB/s 00:00
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```
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使用下面的脚本递归地拷贝文件夹到多个远程服务器上。
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```
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# file-copy.sh
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#!/bin/sh
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for server in `more server-list.txt`
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do
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scp -r /home/daygeek/2g/shell-script/ root@$server:/opt/backup
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done
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```
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上面脚本的输出。
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```
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# ./file-cp.sh
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output.txt 100% 2468 2.4KB/s 00:00
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ovh.sh 100% 76 0.1KB/s 00:00
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passwd-up.sh 100% 877 0.9KB/s 00:00
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passwd-up1.sh 100% 7 0.0KB/s 00:00
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server-list.txt 100% 23 0.0KB/s 00:00
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output.txt 100% 2468 2.4KB/s 00:00
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ovh.sh 100% 76 0.1KB/s 00:00
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passwd-up.sh 100% 877 0.9KB/s 00:00
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passwd-up1.sh 100% 7 0.0KB/s 00:00
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server-list.txt 100% 23 0.0KB/s 00:00
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```
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### 方式3:如何在 Linux 上使用 pscp 命令拷贝文件/文件夹到多个远程系统上?
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`pscp` 命令可以直接让我们拷贝文件到多个远程服务器上。
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使用下面的 `pscp` 命令拷贝单个文件到远程服务器。
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```
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# pscp.pssh -H 2g.CentOS.com /home/daygeek/2g/shell-script/output.txt /opt/backup
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[1] 18:46:11 [SUCCESS] 2g.CentOS.com
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```
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使用下面的 `pscp` 命令拷贝多个文件到远程服务器。
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```
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# pscp.pssh -H 2g.CentOS.com /home/daygeek/2g/shell-script/output.txt ovh.sh /opt/backup
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[1] 18:47:48 [SUCCESS] 2g.CentOS.com
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```
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递归地拷贝整个文件夹到远程服务器。
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```
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# pscp.pssh -H 2g.CentOS.com -r /home/daygeek/2g/shell-script/ /opt/backup
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[1] 18:48:46 [SUCCESS] 2g.CentOS.com
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```
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使用下面的命令拷贝单个文件到多个远程服务器。
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```
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# pscp.pssh -h server-list.txt /home/daygeek/2g/shell-script/output.txt /opt/backup
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[1] 18:49:48 [SUCCESS] 2g.CentOS.com
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[2] 18:49:48 [SUCCESS] 2g.Debian.com
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```
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使用下面的 `pscp` 命令拷贝多个文件到多个远程服务器。
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```
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# pscp.pssh -h server-list.txt /home/daygeek/2g/shell-script/output.txt passwd-up.sh /opt/backup
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[1] 18:50:30 [SUCCESS] 2g.Debian.com
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[2] 18:50:30 [SUCCESS] 2g.CentOS.com
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```
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使用下面的命令递归地拷贝文件夹到多个远程服务器。
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```
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# pscp.pssh -h server-list.txt -r /home/daygeek/2g/shell-script/ /opt/backup
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[1] 18:51:31 [SUCCESS] 2g.Debian.com
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[2] 18:51:31 [SUCCESS] 2g.CentOS.com
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```
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### 方式4:如何在 Linux 上使用 rsync 命令拷贝文件/文件夹到多个远程系统上?
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`rsync`是一个即快速又出众的多功能文件拷贝工具。它能本地拷贝,通过远程 shell 在其它主机之间拷贝,或者远程 `rsync` <ruby>守护进程<rt>daemon</rt></ruby>。
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使用下面的 `rsync` 命令拷贝单个文件到远程服务器。
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```
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# rsync -avz /home/daygeek/2g/shell-script/output.txt root@:/opt/backup
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sending incremental file list
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output.txt
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sent 598 bytes received 31 bytes 1258.00 bytes/sec
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total size is 2468 speedup is 3.92
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```
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使用下面的 `rsync` 命令拷贝多个文件到远程服务器。
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```
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# rsync -avz /home/daygeek/2g/shell-script/output.txt passwd-up.sh root@2g.CentOS.com:/opt/backup
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sending incremental file list
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output.txt
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passwd-up.sh
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sent 737 bytes received 50 bytes 1574.00 bytes/sec
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total size is 2537 speedup is 3.22
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```
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使用下面的 `rsync` 命令通过 `ssh` 拷贝单个文件到远程服务器。
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```
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# rsync -avzhe ssh /home/daygeek/2g/shell-script/output.txt root@2g.CentOS.com:/opt/backup
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sending incremental file list
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output.txt
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sent 598 bytes received 31 bytes 419.33 bytes/sec
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total size is 2.47K speedup is 3.92
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```
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使用下面的 `rsync` 命令通过 `ssh` 递归地拷贝文件夹到远程服务器。这种方式只拷贝文件不包括文件夹。
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```
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# rsync -avzhe ssh /home/daygeek/2g/shell-script/ root@2g.CentOS.com:/opt/backup
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sending incremental file list
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./
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output.txt
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ovh.sh
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passwd-up.sh
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passwd-up1.sh
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server-list.txt
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sent 3.85K bytes received 281 bytes 8.26K bytes/sec
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total size is 9.12K speedup is 2.21
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```
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### 如何在 Linux 上使用 rsync 命令和 Shell 脚本拷贝文件/文件夹到多个远程系统上?
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如果你想拷贝同一个文件到多个远程服务器上,那也需要创建一个如下面那样的小 shell 脚本。
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```
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# file-copy.sh
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#!/bin/sh
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for server in `more server-list.txt`
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do
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rsync -avzhe ssh /home/daygeek/2g/shell-script/ root@2g.CentOS.com$server:/opt/backup
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done
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```
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上面脚本的输出。
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```
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# ./file-copy.sh
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sending incremental file list
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./
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output.txt
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ovh.sh
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passwd-up.sh
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passwd-up1.sh
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server-list.txt
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sent 3.86K bytes received 281 bytes 8.28K bytes/sec
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total size is 9.13K speedup is 2.21
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sending incremental file list
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./
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output.txt
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ovh.sh
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passwd-up.sh
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passwd-up1.sh
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server-list.txt
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sent 3.86K bytes received 281 bytes 2.76K bytes/sec
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total size is 9.13K speedup is 2.21
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```
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### 方式6:如何在 Linux 上使用 scp 命令和 Shell 脚本从本地系统向多个远程系统拷贝文件/文件夹?
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在上面两个 shell 脚本中,我们需要事先指定好文件和文件夹的路径,这儿我做了些小修改,让脚本可以接收文件或文件夹的输入。当你每天需要多次执行拷贝时,这将会非常有用。
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```
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# file-copy.sh
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#!/bin/sh
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for server in `more server-list.txt`
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do
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scp -r $1 root@2g.CentOS.com$server:/opt/backup
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done
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```
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输入文件名并运行脚本。
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```
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# ./file-copy.sh output1.txt
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output1.txt 100% 3558 3.5KB/s 00:00
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output1.txt 100% 3558 3.5KB/s 00:00
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```
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### 方式7:如何在Linux 系统上用非标准端口拷贝文件/文件夹到远程系统?
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如果你想使用非标准端口,使用下面的 shell 脚本拷贝文件或文件夹。
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如果你使用了<ruby>非标准<rt>Non-Standard</rt></ruby>端口,确保像下面 `SCP` 命令那样指定好了端口号。
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```
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# file-copy-scp.sh
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#!/bin/sh
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for server in `more server-list.txt`
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do
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scp -P 2222 -r $1 root@2g.CentOS.com$server:/opt/backup
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done
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```
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运行脚本,输入文件名。
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```
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# ./file-copy.sh ovh.sh
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ovh.sh 100% 3558 3.5KB/s 00:00
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ovh.sh 100% 3558 3.5KB/s 00:00
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```
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如果你使用了<ruby>非标准<rt>Non-Standard</rt></ruby>端口,确保像下面 `rsync` 命令那样指定好了端口号。
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```
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# file-copy-rsync.sh
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#!/bin/sh
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for server in `more server-list.txt`
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do
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rsync -avzhe 'ssh -p 2222' $1 root@2g.CentOS.com$server:/opt/backup
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done
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```
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运行脚本,输入文件名
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```
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# ./file-copy-rsync.sh passwd-up.sh
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sending incremental file list
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passwd-up.sh
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sent 238 bytes received 35 bytes 26.00 bytes/sec
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total size is 159 speedup is 0.58
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sending incremental file list
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passwd-up.sh
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sent 238 bytes received 35 bytes 26.00 bytes/sec
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total size is 159 speedup is 0.58
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```
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-scp-rsync-pscp-command-copy-files-folders-in-multiple-servers-using-shell-script/
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作者:[Prakash Subramanian][a]
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选题:[lujun9972][b]
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译者:[LuuMing](https://github.com/LuuMing)
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校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/prakash/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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