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204 lines
9.0 KiB
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204 lines
9.0 KiB
Markdown
在Ubuntu下如何创建远程".deb"包仓库
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================================================================================
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**Reprepro**是一款小巧的命令行工具来方便地创建并管理**.deb**仓库。今天我们会展示给你如何使用reprepro简单地创建一个Debian包仓库，并使用**rsync**上传到Sourceforge.net。
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### 步骤 1: 安装Reprepro并生成key ###
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首先，安装所有需要的包，使用下面的apt-get命令。
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$ sudo apt-get install reprepro gnupg
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现在你需要使用gnupg生成一个gpg key，这里使用下面的命令。
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$ gpg --gen-key
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它会询问你一些问题，比如你想要哪种key、key的有效期、如果你不知道如何回答，只需点击**回车** 来选择默认选项（建议）
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当然，它会询问你用户名和密码，在脑海中记住这些，因为我们会在之后需要它。
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gpg (GnuPG) 1.4.14; Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
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There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
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Please select what kind of key you want:
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(1) RSA and RSA (default)
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(2) DSA and Elgamal
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(3) DSA (sign only)
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(4) RSA (sign only)
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Your selection?
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RSA keys may be between 1024 and 4096 bits long.
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What keysize do you want? (2048)
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Requested keysize is 2048 bits
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Please specify how long the key should be valid.
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0 = key does not expire
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= key expires in n days
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w = key expires in n weeks
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m = key expires in n months
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y = key expires in n years
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Key is valid for? (0)
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Key does not expire at all
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Is this correct? (y/N) Y
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You need a user ID to identify your key; the software constructs the user ID
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from the Real Name, Comment and Email Address in this form:
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"Heinrich Heine (Der Dichter) <heinrichh@duesseldorf.de>"
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Real name: ravisaive
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Email address: tecmint.com@gmail.com
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Comment: tecmint
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You selected this USER-ID:
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"Ravi Saive (tecmint) <tecmint.com@gmail.com>"
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Change (N)ame, (C)omment, (E)mail or (O)kay/(Q)uit? O
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You need a Passphrase to protect your secret key.
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We need to generate a lot of random bytes. It is a good idea to perform
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some other action (type on the keyboard, move the mouse, utilize the
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disks) during the prime generation; this gives the random number
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generator a better chance to gain enough entropy.
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+++++
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gpg: key 2EB446DD marked as ultimately trusted
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public and secret key created and signed.
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gpg: checking the trustdb
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gpg: 3 marginal(s) needed, 1 complete(s) needed, PGP trust model
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gpg: depth: 0 valid: 1 signed: 0 trust: 0-, 0q, 0n, 0m, 0f, 1u
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pub 2048R/2EB446DD 2014-06-24
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Key fingerprint = D222 B1C9 342E 5911 02B1 9147 3BD6 7918 2EB4 46DD
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uid Ravi Saive (tecmint) <tecmint.com@gmail.com>
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sub 2048R/7EF2F750 2014-06-24
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现在你的key已经生成了，要检查一下，用root权限运行这条命令。
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$ sudo gpg --list-keys
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#### 示例输出 ####
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/home/ravisaive/.gnupg/pubring.gpg
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----------------------------------
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pub 2048R/2EB446DD 2014-06-24
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uid ravisaive (tecmint) <tecmint.com@gmail.com>
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sub 2048R/7EF2F750 2014-06-24
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### 步骤 2: 创建一个包仓库并导出key ###
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我们现在要开始创建仓库，首先你需要创建一些文件夹，我们的仓库会放在**/var/www/apt**目录，让我们先创建这些目录。
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$ sudo su
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# cd /var/www
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# mkdir apt
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# mkdir -p ./apt/incoming
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# mkdir -p ./apt/conf
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# mkdir -p ./apt/key
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你现在需要将key导出到仓库文件夹，运行：
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# gpg --armor --export username yourmail@mail.com >> /var/www/apt/key/deb.gpg.key
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注意：用你之前步骤中输入的用户名代替username，用你的email代替上面的yourmail@mail.com。
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我们需要在**/var/www/apt/conf**创建一个文件“**distributions**”。
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# touch /var/www/apt/conf/distributions
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加入下面这几行到distributions这个文件中并保存。
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Origin: (你的名字)
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Label: (库的名字)
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Suite: (stable 或 unstable)
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Codename: (发布的代码名，比如 trusty)
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Version: (发布的版本，比如 14.04)
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Architectures: (软件包所支持的架构， 比如 i386 或 amd64)
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Components: (包含的部件，比如 main restricted universe multiverse)
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Description: (描述)
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SignWith: yes
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接下来我们会创建仓库树，运行这些命令：
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# reprepro --ask-passphrase -Vb /var/www/apt export
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#### 示例输出 ####
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Created directory "/var/www/apt/db"
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Exporting Trusty...
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Created directory "/var/www/apt/dists"
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Created directory "/var/www/apt/dists/Trusty"
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Created directory "/var/www/apt/dists/Trusty/universe"
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Created directory "/var/www/apt/dists/Trusty/universe/binary-i386"
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FF5097B479C8220C ravisaive (tecmint) <tecmint.com@gmail.com> needs a passphrase
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Please enter passphrase:
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Successfully created '/var/www/apt/dists/Trusty/Release.gpg.new'
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FF5097B479C8220C ravisaive (tecmint) <tecmint.com@gmail.com> needs a passphrase
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Please enter passphrase:
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Successfully created '/var/www/apt/dists/Trusty/InRelease.new'
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### 步骤 3: 在新创建的仓库中加入包 ###
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现在准备你的**.deb**包来加入到仓库中。进入 **/var/www/apt**目录，你每次要加包的时候都必须这么做。
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# cd /var/www/apt
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# reprepro --ask-passphrase -Vb . includedeb Trusty /home/ravisaive/packages.deb
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**注意**:用你在distributions文件中输入的仓库代号来代替**trusty** ，并且用包的路径替换**/home/username/package.deb**，你会被要求输入密码。
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#### 示例输出####
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/home/ravisaive/packages.deb : component guessed as 'universe'
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Created directory "./pool"
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Created directory "./pool/universe"
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Created directory "./pool/universe/o"
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Created directory "./pool/universe/o/ojuba-personal-lock"
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Exporting indices...
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FF5097B479C8220C ravisaive (tecmint) <tecmint.com@gmail.com> needs a passphrase
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Please enter passphrase:
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Successfully created './dists/Trusty/Release.gpg.new'
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FF5097B479C8220C ravisaive (tecmint) <tecmint.com@gmail.com> needs a passphrase
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Please enter passphrase:
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Successfully created './dists/Trusty/InRelease.new'
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你的包已经加入了仓库，如果要移除它的话采用如下命令：
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# reprepro --ask-passphrase -Vb /var/www/apt remove trusty package.deb
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当然你需要用你的包名与仓库代号来修改命令。
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### 步骤 4: 上传仓库到Sourceforge.net ###
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要上传仓库到**Sourceforge.net**，你当然需要一个可用的账号与一个可用的项目，让我假设你想要上传仓库到**http://sourceforge.net/projects/myfoo/testrepository**，这里的myfoo是项目名（UNIX上的名称，不是URL，不是标题），testrepository是你想要上传文件到这上面的目录，这里我们会使用[rsync 命令][1]。（LCTT译注：当然你也可以上传到其它的支持Http/Rsync的服务器上，以提供远程软件库的服务。）
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# rsync -avP -e ssh /var/www/apt/ username@frs.sourceforge.net:/home/frs/project/myfoo/testrepository/
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**注意**：用你在sourceforge.net上的用户名代替username，用你的项目的UNIX名称代替myfoo，用你想要存储的文件夹代替testrepository。
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现在你的仓库（包括设置和key等等）上传到了**http://sourceforge.net/projects/myfoo/testrepository**。
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要把它加入到一个已装好的系统，首先你需要导入仓库key，它实际上就是**/var/www/apt/key/deb.gpg.key**，但是这是一个本地路径，使用你的仓库的其它用户不能添加到他们的系统中，这就是为什么我们要导入来自sourceforge.net的key的原因。
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$ sudo su
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# wget -O - http://sourceforge.net/projects/myfoo/testrepository/apt/key/deb.gpg.key | apt-key add -
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你现在可以非常轻松地把仓库加入到系统中了，打开**/etc/apt/sources.list**，并加入下面这行：
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deb http://sourceforge.net/projects/myfoo/testrepository/apt/key/deb.gpg.key trusty main
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**Note**：用你的项目的UNIX类型名称代替myfoo，用你的仓库代码代替trusty，用你上传存储的文件夹代替testrepository，用你在distributionsj加入的仓库组件代替main。
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接下来，运行下面的命令来更新仓库列表。
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$ sudo apt-get update
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**祝贺你**! 你的软件仓库已经激活了！你现在可以非常简单地在你需要的时候安装包了。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.tecmint.com/create-deb-pacakge-repository-in-ubuntu/
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/rsync-local-remote-file-synchronization-commands/
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