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313 lines
8.6 KiB
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[#]: subject: "How to Configure Network Bonding or Teaming on RHEL"
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[#]: via: "https://www.2daygeek.com/configure-network-bonding-nic-teaming-rhel/"
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[#]: author: "Jayabal Thiyagarajan https://www.2daygeek.com/author/jayabal/"
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[#]: collector: "lujun9972"
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[#]: translator: "ChatGPT"
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[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
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[#]: publisher: "wxy"
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[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-16136-1.html"
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在 RHEL 上配置网络绑定（成组）
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======
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![][0]
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网络 <ruby>[绑定][1]<rt>Bonding</rt></ruby>（<ruby>成组<rt>Teaming</rt></ruby>） 是 Linux 的一项内核特性，它让我们可以将多个网络接口（例如 `ens192`、`ens224`）聚合为一个专有的虚拟网络接口，被称为通道绑定（`bond0`）。这样做能够提升吞吐量并增加冗余备份。
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网络绑定一共支持 7 种模式，你可以根据实际需求进行设置。<ruby>链接聚合控制协议<rt>Link Aggregation Control Protocol</rt></ruby>（LACP）， 即模式 4（802.3ad）因其支持链接聚合与冗余而被广泛应用。
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在本篇文章中，我们将引导你学习如何在 RHEL 系统中配置网卡（网络）绑定。
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### LACP 绑定的前置条件
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* 网络团队需要在网络交换机的端口上开启 LACP（802.3ad）来实现链接的聚合。
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* 一个 Linux 系统应该配备至少两个网络接口。
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* 对于物理服务器，我们推荐在板载接口与 PCI 接口间进行绑定配置，以避免在主机端的网络卡出现单点故障。
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### Bonding 模块
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你可以使用 `lsmod` 命令来确认你的 Linux 系统是否已经加载了 `bonding` 模块。
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```
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lsmod | grep -i bonding
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bonding 12451 0
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```
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系统应该默认已加载。如果未看到，可以运用 `modprobe` 命令进行加载。
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```
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modprobe bonding
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```
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### 创建绑定接口
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在 `/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/` 路径下，创建一个名为 `ifcfg-bond0` 的绑定接口文件。依据你的网络情况，你可能需要修改诸如 `IP`、`MASK` 以及 `GATEWAY` 等值。
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```
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vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0
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```
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```
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TYPE=Bond
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DEVICE=bond0
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NAME=bond0
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BONDING_MASTER=yes
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BOOTPROTO=none
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ONBOOT=yes
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IPADDR=192.168.1.100
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NETMASK=255.255.255.0
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GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
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BONDING_OPTS="mode=4 miimon=100 lacp_rate=1"
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```
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参数 | 描述
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---|---
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`BONDING_MASTER=yes` | 表示设备是一个绑定主设备。
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`mode=4` | 绑定模式是 IEEE 802.3ad 动态链接聚合（LACP）。
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`miimon=100` | 定义以毫秒单位的 MII 链路监测频率，这决定了多久检查每个从属链路的状态一次以寻找失败的链路。`0` 值将禁用 MII 链路监测。`100` 是个不错的初始值。
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`lacp_rate=1` | 一个设置项，规定我们将以何种频率要求我们的链路伙伴每秒钟发送 LACPDU。默认为慢，即 `0`。
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### 配置第一个子接口
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修改你希望添加到绑定中的第一个子接口。请根据你的实际环境使用合适的接口名。
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```
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vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens192
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```
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```
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TYPE=Ethernet
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BOOTPROTO=none
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DEVICE=ens192
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ONBOOT=yes
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MASTER=bond0
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SLAVE=yes
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```
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### 配置第二个子接口
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修改你希望添加到绑定中的第二个子接口。请根据你的实际环境使用合适的接口名。
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```
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vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens224
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```
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```
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TYPE=Ethernet
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BOOTPROTO=none
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DEVICE=ens224
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ONBOOT=yes
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MASTER=bond0
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SLAVE=yes
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```
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### 重启网络服务
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重启网络服务以激活绑定接口。
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```
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systemctl restart network
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```
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### 验证绑定配置
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你可以借助 [ip 命令][2] 来查看绑定接口以及其子接口的情况。可以看到，`bond0` 现在已启动并在运行。
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![][3]
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### 查阅绑定接口状态
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检查以下文件，你可以看到绑定接口及其子接口的详细信息。输出结果应该看起来很不错，我们能看到诸如绑定模式，MII 状态，MII 轮询间隔，LACP 速率，端口数量等信息。
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```
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cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
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```
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```
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Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.7.1 (April 27, 2011)
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Bonding Mode: IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation
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Transmit Hash Policy: layer (0)
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MII Status: up
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MII Polling Interval (ms): 100
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Up Delay (ms): 0
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Down Delay (ms): 0
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802.3ad info
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LACP rate: fast
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Min links: 0
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Aggregator selection policy (ad_select): stable
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System priority: 65535
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System MAC address: c8:5b:76:4d:d4:5c
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Active Aggregator Info:
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Aggregator ID: 1
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Number of ports: 2
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Actor Key: 15
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Partner Key: 32773
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Partner Mac Address: e4:a7:a0:32:fc:e9
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Slave Interface: ens192
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MII Status: up
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Speed: 10000 Mbps
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Duplex: full
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Link Failure Count: 0
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Permanent HW addr: c8:5b:76:4d:d4:5c
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Slave queue ID: 0
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Aggregator ID: 1
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Actor Churn State: none
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Partner Churn State: none
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Actor Churned State: 0
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Partner Churned State: 0
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details actor lacp pdu:
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system priority: 65535
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system mac address: c8:5b:76:4d:d4:5c
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port key: 15
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port priority: 255
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port number: 1
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port state: 63
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details Partner lacp pdu:
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system priority: 32667
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system mac address: e4:a7:a0:32:fc:e9
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oper key: 32773
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port priority: 32768
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port number: 290
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port state: 61
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Slave Interface: ens224
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MII Status: up
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Speed: 10000 Mbps
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Duplex: full
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Link Failure Count: 0
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Permanent HW addr: e4:a7:a0:32:fc:e9
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Slave queue ID: 0
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Aggregator ID: 1
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Actor Churn State: none
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Partner Churn State: none
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Actor Churned State: 0
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Partner Churned State: 0
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details actor lacp pdu:
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system priority: 65535
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system mac address: e4:a7:a0:32:fc:e9
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port key: 15
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port priority: 255
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port number: 2
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port state: 63
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details Partner lacp pdu:
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system priority: 32667
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system mac address: c8:5b:76:4d:d4:5c
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oper key: 32773
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port priority: 32768
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port number: 16674
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port state: 61
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```
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### 容错/冗余测试
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为了验证容错性和连接速度，你可以逐个断开接口，然后检查服务器是否仍旧可达。
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* 测试用例-1：当两个子接口都启动并运行时，使用 [ethtool 命令][4] 检查链路速度。
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* 测试用例-2：断开第一个子接口，然后尝试访问系统。
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* 测试用例-3：断开第二个子接口，然后尝试访问系统。
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#### 测试用例-1：
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如果你想检测下连接速度：没错，我在 `bond0` 上看到了 `20 Gbps` 的速度，因为每个子接口支持 10 Gbps。
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```
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ethtool bond0
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```
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```
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Settings for bond0:
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Supported ports: [ ]
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Supported link modes: Not reported
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Supported pause frame use: No
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Supports auto-negotiation: No
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Supported FEC modes: Not reported
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Advertised link modes: Not reported
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Advertised pause frame use: No
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Advertised auto-negotiation: No
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Advertised FEC modes: Not reported
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Speed: 20000Mb/s
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Duplex: Full
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Port: Other
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PHYAD: 0
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Transceiver: internal
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Auto-negotiation: off
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Link detected: yes
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```
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#### 测试用例-2：
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现在我们将关闭第一个子接口。
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```
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ifdown ens192
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```
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```
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Device 'ens192' successfully disconnected.
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```
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通过 `ssh` 尝试访问系统。没问题，系统现在是可以访问的。
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```
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ssh [email protected]
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```
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由于已经有一个子接口关闭，你现在在 `bond0` 上只能看到 10 Gbps 的速度。
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```
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ethtool bond0 | grep -i speed
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```
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```
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Speed: 10000Mb/s
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```
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现在，我们再次查看绑定接口的状态。可以看出，只有一个子接口处于活跃状态。
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```
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cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
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```
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#### 测试用例-3：
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我们来关闭第二个子接口，并进行类似测试用例-2 的测试：
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```
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ifdown ens224
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```
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```
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Device 'ens224' successfully disconnected.
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```
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### 结语
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我希望你已经掌握了在 RHEL 上配置 LACP 绑定的方法。
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在本教程中，我们为你展示了在 RHEL 系统配置网络绑定或网卡聚合的最简单方式。
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如果你有任何疑问或者反馈，欢迎在下面留言。
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*（题图：MJ/939f6ba6-eb46-480d-8879-3a422c7425d2）*
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.2daygeek.com/configure-network-bonding-nic-teaming-rhel/
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作者：[Jayabal Thiyagarajan][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：ChatGPT
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/jayabal/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/bonding.txt
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[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-ip-command-configure-network-interface/
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[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/configure-network-bonding-nic-teaming-rhel-2-1024x276.jpg
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[4]: https://www.2daygeek.com/view-change-ethernet-adapter-settings-nic-card-linux/
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[0]: https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202308/28/122437eaiz28h2y0a594z9.jpg |