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180 lines
9.7 KiB
Markdown
# python-hwinfo：使用Linux系统工具展示硬件信息概况
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---
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到目前为止，获取Linux系统硬件信息和配置已经被大部分工具所涵盖，不过也有许多命令可用于相同目的。
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而且，一些工具会显示所有硬件组成的详细信息，重置后，只显示特定设备的信息。
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在这个系列中, 今天我们讨论一下关于[python-hwinfo][1]， 它是一个展示硬件信息概况和整洁配置的工具之一。
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### 什么是python-hwinfo
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这是一个通过解析系统工具（例如lspci和dmidecode）的输出，来检查硬件和设备的Python库。
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它提供了一个简单的命令行工具，可以用来检查本地，远程和捕获到的主机。用sudo运行命令以获得最大的信息。
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另外，你可以提供服务器IP或者主机名，用户名和密码，在远程的服务器上执行它。当然你也可以使用这个工具查看其它工具捕获的输出（例如demidecode输出的'dmidecode.out'，/proc/cpuinfo输出的'cpuinfo'，lspci -nnm输出的'lspci-nnm.out'）。
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**建议阅读 :**
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**(#)** [inxi - A Great Tool to Check Hardware Information on Linux][2]
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**(#)** [Dmidecode - Easy Way To Get Linux System Hardware Information][3]
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**(#)** [LSHW (Hardware Lister) - A Nifty Tool To Get A Hardware Information On Linux][4]
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**(#)** [hwinfo (Hardware Info) - A Nifty Tool To Detect System Hardware Information On Linux][5]
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**(#)** [How To Use lspci, lsscsi, lsusb, And lsblk To Get Linux System Devices Information][6]
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### Linux上如何安装python-hwinfo
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在绝大多数Linux发行版，都可以通过pip包安装。为了安装python-hwinfo， 确保你的系统已经有python和python-pip包作为先决条件。
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pip是Python附带的一个包管理工具，在Linux上安装Python包的推荐工具之一。
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在**`Debian/Ubuntu`**平台，使用[APT-GET 命令][7] 或者 [APT 命令][8] 安装pip。
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```
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$ sudo apt install python-pip
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```
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在**`RHEL/CentOS`**平台，使用[YUM 命令][9]安装pip。
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```
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$ sudo yum install python-pip python-devel
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```
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在**`Fedora`**平台，使用[DNF 命令][10]安装pip。
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```
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$ sudo dnf install python-pip
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```
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在**`Arch Linux`**平台，使用[Pacman 命令][11]安装pip。
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```
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$ sudo pacman -S python-pip
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```
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在**`openSUSE`**平台，使用[Zypper 命令][12]安装pip。
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```
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$ sudo zypper python-pip
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```
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最后，执行下面的pip命令安装python-hwinfo。
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```
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$ sudo pip install python-hwinfo
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```
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### 怎么使用python-hwinfo在本地机器
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执行下面的命令，检查本地机器现有的硬件。输出很清楚和整洁，这是我在其他命令中没有看到的。
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它的输出分为了五类。
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* **`Bios Info:`** bios供应商名称，系统产品名称， 系统序列号，系统唯一标识符，系统制造商，bios发布日期和bios版本。
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* **`CPU Info:`** 处理器编号，供应商ID，cpu系列代号，型号，制作更新版本，型号名称，cpu主频。
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* **`Ethernet Controller Info:`** 供应商名称，供应商ID，设备名称，设备ID，子供应商名称，子供应商ID，子设备名称，子设备ID。
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* **`Storage Controller Info:`** 供应商名称，供应商ID，设备名称，设备ID，子供应商名称，子供应商ID，子设备名称，子设备ID。
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* **`GPU Info:`** 供应商名称，供应商ID，设备名称，设备ID，子供应商名称，子供应商ID，子设备名称，子设备ID。
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```
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$ sudo hwinfo
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Bios Info:
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+----------------------+--------------------------------------+
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| Key | Value |
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+----------------------+--------------------------------------+
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| bios_vendor_name | IBM |
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| system_product_name | System x3550 M3: -[6102AF1]- |
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| system_serial_number | RS2IY21 |
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| chassis_type | Rack Mount Chassis |
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| system_uuid | 4C4C4544-0051-3210-8052-B2C04F323132 |
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| system_manufacturer | IBM |
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| socket_count | 2 |
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| bios_release_date | 10/21/2014 |
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| bios_version | -[VLS211TSU-2.51]- |
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| socket_designation | Socket 1, Socket 2 |
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+----------------------+--------------------------------------+
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CPU Info:
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+-----------+--------------+------------+-------+----------+------------------------------------------+----------+
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| processor | vendor_id | cpu_family | model | stepping | model_name | cpu_mhz |
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+-----------+--------------+------------+-------+----------+------------------------------------------+----------+
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| 0 | GenuineIntel | 6 | 45 | 7 | Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-1607 0 @ 3.00GHz | 1200.000 |
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| 1 | GenuineIntel | 6 | 45 | 7 | Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-1607 0 @ 3.00GHz | 1200.000 |
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| 2 | GenuineIntel | 6 | 45 | 7 | Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-1607 0 @ 3.00GHz | 1200.000 |
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| 3 | GenuineIntel | 6 | 45 | 7 | Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-1607 0 @ 3.00GHz | 1200.000 |
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| 4 | GenuineIntel | 6 | 45 | 7 | Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2650 0 @ 2.00GHz | 1200.000 |
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+-----------+--------------+------------+-------+----------+------------------------------------------+----------+
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Ethernet Controller Info:
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+-------------------+-----------+---------------------------------+-----------+-------------------+--------------+---------------------------------+--------------+
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| vendor_name | vendor_id | device_name | device_id | subvendor_name | subvendor_id | subdevice_name | subdevice_id |
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+-------------------+-----------+---------------------------------+-----------+-------------------+--------------+---------------------------------+--------------+
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| Intel Corporation | 8086 | I350 Gigabit Network Connection | 1521 | Intel Corporation | 8086 | I350 Gigabit Network Connection | 1521 |
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+-------------------+-----------+---------------------------------+-----------+-------------------+--------------+---------------------------------+--------------+
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Storage Controller Info:
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+-------------------+-----------+----------------------------------------------+-----------+----------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
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| vendor_name | vendor_id | device_name | device_id | subvendor_name | subvendor_id | subdevice_name | subdevice_id |
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+-------------------+-----------+----------------------------------------------+-----------+----------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
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| Intel Corporation | 8086 | C600/X79 series chipset IDE-r Controller | 1d3c | Dell | 1028 | [Device 05d2] | 05d2 |
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| Intel Corporation | 8086 | C600/X79 series chipset SATA RAID Controller | 2826 | Dell | 1028 | [Device 05d2] | 05d2 |
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+-------------------+-----------+----------------------------------------------+-----------+----------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
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GPU Info:
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+--------------------+-----------+-----------------------+-----------+--------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
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| vendor_name | vendor_id | device_name | device_id | subvendor_name | subvendor_id | subdevice_name | subdevice_id |
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+--------------------+-----------+-----------------------+-----------+--------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
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| NVIDIA Corporation | 10de | GK107GL [Quadro K600] | 0ffa | NVIDIA Corporation | 10de | [Device 094b] | 094b |
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+--------------------+-----------+-----------------------+-----------+--------------------+--------------+----------------+--------------+
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```
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### 怎么使用python-hwinfo在远处机器上
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执行下面的命令检查远程机器现有的硬件，需要远程机器IP，用户名和密码
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```
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$ hwinfo -m x.x.x.x -u root -p password
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```
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### 如何使用python-hwinfo读取捕获的输出
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执行下面的命令，检查本地机器现有的硬件。输出很清楚和整洁，这是我在其他命令中没有看到的。
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```
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$ hwinfo -f [Path to file]
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```
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.2daygeek.com/python-hwinfo-check-display-system-hardware-configuration-information-linux/
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作者：[2DAYGEEK][a]
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译者：[Torival](https://github.com/Torival)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.2daygeek.com/author/2daygeek/
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[1]:https://github.com/rdobson/python-hwinfo
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[2]:https://www.2daygeek.com/inxi-system-hardware-information-on-linux/
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[3]:https://www.2daygeek.com/dmidecode-get-print-display-check-linux-system-hardware-information/
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[4]:https://www.2daygeek.com/lshw-find-check-system-hardware-information-details-linux/
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[5]:https://www.2daygeek.com/hwinfo-check-display-detect-system-hardware-information-linux/
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[6]:https://www.2daygeek.com/check-system-hardware-devices-bus-information-lspci-lsscsi-lsusb-lsblk-linux/
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[7]:https://www.2daygeek.com/apt-get-apt-cache-command-examples-manage-packages-debian-ubuntu-systems/
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[8]:https://www.2daygeek.com/apt-command-examples-manage-packages-debian-ubuntu-systems/
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[9]:https://www.2daygeek.com/yum-command-examples-manage-packages-rhel-centos-systems/
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[10]:https://www.2daygeek.com/dnf-command-examples-manage-packages-fedora-system/
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[11]:https://www.2daygeek.com/pacman-command-examples-manage-packages-arch-linux-system/
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[12]:https://www.2daygeek.com/zypper-command-examples-manage-packages-opensuse-system/
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