mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2025-01-07 22:11:09 +08:00
332 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
332 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
translating---cyleft
|
||
====
|
||
|
||
6 Commands To Shutdown And Reboot The Linux System From Terminal
|
||
======
|
||
Linux administrator performing many tasks in their routine work. The system Shutdown and Reboot task also included in it.
|
||
|
||
It’s one of the risky task for them because some times it wont come back due to some reasons and they need to spend more time on it to troubleshoot.
|
||
|
||
These task can be performed through CLI in Linux. Most of the time Linux administrator prefer to perform these kind of tasks via CLI because they are familiar on this.
|
||
|
||
There are few commands are available in Linux to perform these tasks and user needs to choose appropriate command to perform the task based on the requirement.
|
||
|
||
All these commands has their own feature and allow Linux admin to use it.
|
||
|
||
**Suggested Read :**
|
||
**(#)** [11 Methods To Find System/Server Uptime In Linux][1]
|
||
**(#)** [Tuptime – A Tool To Report The Historical And Statistical Running Time Of Linux System][2]
|
||
|
||
When the system is initiated for Shutdown or Reboot. It will be notified to all logged-in users and processes. Also, it wont allow any new logins if the time argument is used.
|
||
|
||
I would suggest you to double check before you perform this action because you need to follow few prerequisites to make sure everything is fine.
|
||
|
||
Those steps are listed below.
|
||
|
||
* Make sure you should have a console access to troubleshoot further in case any issues arise. VMWare access for VMs and IPMI/iLO/iDRAC access for physical servers.
|
||
* You have to create a ticket as per your company procedure either Incident or Change ticket and get approval
|
||
* Take the important configuration files backup and move to other servers for safety
|
||
* Verify the log files (Perform the pre-check)
|
||
* Communicate about your activity with other dependencies teams like DBA, Application, etc
|
||
* Ask them to bring down their Database service or Application service and get a confirmation from them.
|
||
* Validate the same from your end using the appropriate command to double confirm this.
|
||
* Finally reboot the system
|
||
* Verify the log files (Perform the post-check), If everything is good then move to next step. If you found something is wrong then troubleshoot accordingly.
|
||
* If it’s back to up and running, ask the dependencies team to bring up their applications.
|
||
* Monitor for some time, and communicate back to them saying everything is working fine as expected.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
This task can be performed using following commands.
|
||
|
||
* **`shutdown Command:`** shutdown command used to halt, power-off or reboot the machine.
|
||
* **`halt Command:`** halt command used to halt, power-off or reboot the machine.
|
||
* **`poweroff Command:`** poweroff command used to halt, power-off or reboot the machine.
|
||
* **`reboot Command:`** reboot command used to halt, power-off or reboot the machine.
|
||
* **`init Command:`** init (short for initialization) is the first process started during booting of the computer system.
|
||
* **`systemctl Command:`** systemd is a system and service manager for Linux operating systems.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Method-1: How To Shutdown And Reboot The Linux System Using Shutdown Command
|
||
|
||
shutdown command used to power-off or reboot a Linux remote machine or local host. It’s offering
|
||
multiple options to perform this task effectively. If the time argument is used, 5 minutes before the system goes down the /run/nologin file is created to ensure that further logins shall not be allowed.
|
||
|
||
The general syntax is
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# shutdown [OPTION] [TIME] [MESSAGE]
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Run the below command to shutdown a Linux machine immediately. It will kill all the processes immediately and will shutdown the system.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# shutdown -h now
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
* **`-h:`** Equivalent to –poweroff, unless –halt is specified.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Alternatively we can use the shutdown command with `halt` option to bring down the machine immediately.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# shutdown --halt now
|
||
or
|
||
# shutdown -H now
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
* **`-H, --halt:`** Halt the machine.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Alternatively we can use the shutdown command with `poweroff` option to bring down the machine immediately.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# shutdown --poweroff now
|
||
or
|
||
# shutdown -P now
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
* **`-P, --poweroff:`** Power-off the machine (the default).
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Run the below command to shutdown a Linux machine immediately. It will kill all the processes immediately and will shutdown the system.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# shutdown -h now
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
* **`-h:`** Equivalent to –poweroff, unless –halt is specified.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
If you run the below commands without time parameter, it will wait for a minute then execute the given command.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# shutdown -h
|
||
Shutdown scheduled for Mon 2018-10-08 06:42:31 EDT, use 'shutdown -c' to cancel.
|
||
|
||
[email protected]#
|
||
Broadcast message from [email protected] (Mon 2018-10-08 06:41:31 EDT):
|
||
|
||
The system is going down for power-off at Mon 2018-10-08 06:42:31 EDT!
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
All other logged in users can see a broadcast message in their terminal like below.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
[[email protected] ~]$
|
||
Broadcast message from [email protected] (Mon 2018-10-08 06:41:31 EDT):
|
||
|
||
The system is going down for power-off at Mon 2018-10-08 06:42:31 EDT!
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
for Halt option.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# shutdown -H
|
||
Shutdown scheduled for Mon 2018-10-08 06:37:53 EDT, use 'shutdown -c' to cancel.
|
||
|
||
[email protected]#
|
||
Broadcast message from [email protected] (Mon 2018-10-08 06:36:53 EDT):
|
||
|
||
The system is going down for system halt at Mon 2018-10-08 06:37:53 EDT!
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
for Poweroff option.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# shutdown -P
|
||
Shutdown scheduled for Mon 2018-10-08 06:40:07 EDT, use 'shutdown -c' to cancel.
|
||
|
||
[email protected]#
|
||
Broadcast message from [email protected] (Mon 2018-10-08 06:39:07 EDT):
|
||
|
||
The system is going down for power-off at Mon 2018-10-08 06:40:07 EDT!
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
This can be cancelled by hitting `shutdown -c` option on your terminal.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# shutdown -c
|
||
|
||
Broadcast message from [email protected] (Mon 2018-10-08 06:39:09 EDT):
|
||
|
||
The system shutdown has been cancelled at Mon 2018-10-08 06:40:09 EDT!
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
All other logged in users can see a broadcast message in their terminal like below.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
[[email protected] ~]$
|
||
Broadcast message from [email protected] (Mon 2018-10-08 06:41:35 EDT):
|
||
|
||
The system shutdown has been cancelled at Mon 2018-10-08 06:42:35 EDT!
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Add a time parameter, if you want to perform shutdown or reboot in `N` seconds. Here you can add broadcast a custom message to logged-in users. In this example, we are rebooting the machine in another 5 minutes.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# shutdown -r +5 "To activate the latest Kernel"
|
||
Shutdown scheduled for Mon 2018-10-08 07:13:16 EDT, use 'shutdown -c' to cancel.
|
||
|
||
[[email protected] ~]#
|
||
Broadcast message from [email protected] (Mon 2018-10-08 07:08:16 EDT):
|
||
|
||
To activate the latest Kernel
|
||
The system is going down for reboot at Mon 2018-10-08 07:13:16 EDT!
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Run the below command to reboot a Linux machine immediately. It will kill all the processes immediately and will reboot the system.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# shutdown -r now
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
* **`-r, --reboot:`** Reboot the machine.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Method-2: How To Shutdown And Reboot The Linux System Using reboot Command
|
||
|
||
reboot command used to power-off or reboot a Linux remote machine or local host. Reboot command comes with two useful options.
|
||
|
||
It will perform a graceful shutdown and restart of the machine (This is similar to your restart option which is available in your system menu).
|
||
|
||
Run “reboot’ command without any option to reboot Linux machine.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# reboot
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Run the “reboot” command with `-p` option to power-off or shutdown the Linux machine.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# reboot -p
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
* **`-p, --poweroff:`** Power-off the machine, either halt or poweroff commands is invoked.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Run the “reboot” command with `-f` option to forcefully reboot the Linux machine (This is similar to pressing the power button on the CPU).
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# reboot -f
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
* **`-f, --force:`** Force immediate halt, power-off, or reboot.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Method-3: How To Shutdown And Reboot The Linux System Using init Command
|
||
|
||
init (short for initialization) is the first process started during booting of the computer system.
|
||
|
||
It will check the /etc/inittab file to decide the Linux run level. Also, allow users to perform shutdown and reboot the Linux machine. There are seven runlevels exist, from zero to six.
|
||
|
||
**Suggested Read :**
|
||
**(#)** [How To Check All Running Services In Linux][3]
|
||
|
||
Run the below init command to shutdown the system .
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# init 0
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
* **`0:`** Halt – to shutdown the system.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Run the below init command to reboot the system .
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# init 6
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
* **`6:`** Reboot – to reboot the system.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Method-4: How To Shutdown The Linux System Using halt Command
|
||
|
||
halt command used to power-off or shutdown a Linux remote machine or local host.
|
||
halt terminates all processes and shuts down the cpu.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# halt
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Method-5: How To Shutdown The Linux System Using poweroff Command
|
||
|
||
poweroff command used to power-off or shutdown a Linux remote machine or local host. Poweroff is exactly like halt, but it also turns off the unit itself (lights and everything on a PC). It sends an ACPI command to the board, then to the PSU, to cut the power.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# poweroff
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Method-6: How To Shutdown And Reboot The Linux System Using systemctl Command
|
||
|
||
Systemd is a new init system and system manager which was implemented/adapted into all the major Linux distributions over the traditional SysV init systems.
|
||
|
||
systemd is compatible with SysV and LSB init scripts. It can work as a drop-in replacement for sysvinit system. systemd is the first process get started by kernel and holding PID 1.
|
||
|
||
**Suggested Read :**
|
||
**(#)** [chkservice – A Tool For Managing Systemd Units From Linux Terminal][4]
|
||
|
||
It’s a parent process for everything and Fedora 15 is the first distribution which was adapted systemd instead of upstart.
|
||
|
||
systemctl is command line utility and primary tool to manage the systemd daemons/services such as (start, restart, stop, enable, disable, reload & status).
|
||
|
||
systemd uses .service files Instead of bash scripts (SysVinit uses). systemd sorts all daemons into their own Linux cgroups and you can see the system hierarchy by exploring /cgroup/systemd file.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# systemctl halt
|
||
# systemctl poweroff
|
||
# systemctl reboot
|
||
# systemctl suspend
|
||
# systemctl hibernate
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/6-commands-to-shutdown-halt-poweroff-reboot-the-linux-system/
|
||
|
||
作者：[Prakash Subramanian][a]
|
||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||
|
||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||
|
||
[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/prakash/
|
||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||
[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/11-methods-to-find-check-system-server-uptime-in-linux/
|
||
[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/tuptime-a-tool-to-report-the-historical-and-statistical-running-time-of-linux-system/
|
||
[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-check-all-running-services-in-linux/
|
||
[4]: https://www.2daygeek.com/chkservice-a-tool-for-managing-systemd-units-from-linux-terminal/
|