TranslateProject/published/201406/20140610 How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux.md
wxy a71aa7de9e renamed: 10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md -> 201406/10 Database Tools For Linux Users To Use!.md
renamed:    10 Linux Platforms Meant For Embedded Systems.md -> 201406/10 Linux Platforms Meant For Embedded Systems.md
	renamed:    20140527 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md -> 201406/20140527 4MLinux 9.0 Beta Is a 55 MB Operating System That Has It All.md
	renamed:    20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md -> 201406/20140527 A Complete Historical Timeline of Linux Evolution.md
	renamed:    20140528 Setup Backup Server Using Bacula And Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md -> 201406/20140528 Setup Backup Server Using Bacula And Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md
	renamed:    20140528 Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports.md -> 201406/20140528 Why We Shouldn't Accept Bad Linux Ports.md
	renamed:    20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md -> 201406/20140529 Add Windows Like Bottom Taskbar In Ubuntu Unity 14.04.md
	renamed:    20140529 Command Line Tuesdays--The Introductory.md -> 201406/20140529 Command Line Tuesdays--The Introductory.md
	renamed:    20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md -> 201406/20140529 How To Share Disks In VirtualBox Between Linux Guest OS.md
	renamed:    20140529 Install RainLoop Webmail (A Web Based Email Client) using 'Nginx and Apache' in Arch Linux.md -> 201406/20140529 Install RainLoop Webmail (A Web Based Email Client) using 'Nginx and Apache' in Arch Linux.md
	renamed:    20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md -> 201406/20140529 What is a good terminal emulator on Linux.md
	renamed:    20140529 Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md -> 201406/20140529 Why No Flash Support for Linux Is Good for Open Source.md
	renamed:    20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md -> 201406/20140530 Fix 'Cannot Add PPA' Error In Ubuntu 14.04 and Linux Mint.md
	renamed:    20140530 How To Install Linux On A MacBook Pro Retina.md -> 201406/20140530 How To Install Linux On A MacBook Pro Retina.md
	renamed:    20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md -> 201406/20140530 Linux script command--A recorder inside your Terminal.md
	renamed:    20140603 App Grid Is A Superior Ubuntu Software Center Alternative.md -> 201406/20140603 App Grid Is A Superior Ubuntu Software Center Alternative.md
	renamed:    20140603 Linux Foundation to donate portion of membership fees to Code.org.md -> 201406/20140603 Linux Foundation to donate portion of membership fees to Code.org.md
	renamed:    20140603 Write your first Linux Kernel module.md -> 201406/20140603 Write your first Linux Kernel module.md
	renamed:    20140604 Command line secrets.md -> 201406/20140604 Command line secrets.md
	renamed:    20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md -> 201406/20140604 Setup Virtual Hosts In Apache On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md
	renamed:    20140607 Cup 2014 Brazil--Watch FIFA World Cup 2014 Competition in Your Linux Desktop.md -> 201406/20140607 Cup 2014 Brazil--Watch FIFA World Cup 2014 Competition in Your Linux Desktop.md
	renamed:    20140607 How To Extract Images From Videos Using ffmpeg.md -> 201406/20140607 How To Extract Images From Videos Using ffmpeg.md
	renamed:    20140607 How To Install iCup 2014 In Linux.md -> 201406/20140607 How To Install iCup 2014 In Linux.md
	renamed:    20140607 Linux--Bash Delete All Files In Directory Except Few.md -> 201406/20140607 Linux--Bash Delete All Files In Directory Except Few.md
	renamed:    20140607 New OpenSSL breach is no Heartbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md -> 201406/20140607 New OpenSSL breach is no Heartbleed-but needs to be taken seriously.md
	renamed:    20140607 Nuvola Player 2.4.0 Released -- A Online Cloud Music Player for Linux.md -> 201406/20140607 Nuvola Player 2.4.0 Released -- A Online Cloud Music Player for Linux.md
	renamed:    20140607 Practical Interview Questions and Answers on Linux Shell Scripting.md -> 201406/20140607 Practical Interview Questions and Answers on Linux Shell Scripting.md
	renamed:    20140607 Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md -> 201406/20140607 Steam Hits The Big 500 For Linux Games.md
	renamed:    20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md -> 201406/20140607 Ubuntu One Formally Shuts Down.md
	renamed:    20140609 How To Know If Your System Has USB 3.0 Port In Linux [Quick Tip].md -> 201406/20140609 How To Know If Your System Has USB 3.0 Port In Linux [Quick Tip].md
	renamed:    20140609 Open Source LDAP Solutions.md -> 201406/20140609 Open Source LDAP Solutions.md
	renamed:    "20140609 OpenELEC 4.0.4 \347\216\260\345\267\262\345\217\221\345\270\203, \345\237\272\344\272\216 XBMC 13.1 \342\200\234Gotham\342\200\235.md" -> "201406/20140609 OpenELEC 4.0.4 \347\216\260\345\267\262\345\217\221\345\270\203, \345\237\272\344\272\216 XBMC 13.1 \342\200\234Gotham\342\200\235.md"
	renamed:    20140610 How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux.md -> 201406/20140610 How to set up Internet connection sharing with iptables on Linux.md
	renamed:    20140610 IPFire 2.13 Core 78 Linux Firewall OS Receives OpenSSL Fixes.md -> 201406/20140610 IPFire 2.13 Core 78 Linux Firewall OS Receives OpenSSL Fixes.md
	renamed:    20140610 Open Source SDN Project OpenDaylight Adds New Members.md -> 201406/20140610 Open Source SDN Project OpenDaylight Adds New Members.md
	renamed:    20140610 Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux.md -> 201406/20140610 Top 7 Desktop Environment For Linux.md
	renamed:    20140611 HTG Explains--What' s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md -> 201406/20140611 HTG Explains--What' s the Difference Between Linux and BSD.md
	renamed:    20140611 How to Prevent Other Users From Accessing Your Home Directory in Ubuntu 14.04.md -> 201406/20140611 How to Prevent Other Users From Accessing Your Home Directory in Ubuntu 14.04.md
	renamed:    20140612 Command Line Tuesdays--Part One.md -> 201406/20140612 Command Line Tuesdays--Part One.md
	renamed:    20140612 Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md -> 201406/20140612 Dpkg Vulnerabilities Closed in Ubuntu 14.04.md
	renamed:    20140616 How To Install Numix Icon Theme In Fedora 20.md -> 201406/20140616 How To Install Numix Icon Theme In Fedora 20.md
	renamed:    20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md -> 201406/20140616 Ubuntu Desktop Next 14.10 Images Available to Download.md
	renamed:    20140616 Ubuntu for Phones Activated on 10,000 Devices.md -> 201406/20140616 Ubuntu for Phones Activated on 10,000 Devices.md
	renamed:    20140617 14 Apps To Boost Ubuntu.md -> 201406/20140617 14 Apps To Boost Ubuntu.md
	renamed:    20140619 Improve Battery Life with Laptop Mode Tools 1.65.md -> 201406/20140619 Improve Battery Life with Laptop Mode Tools 1.65.md
	renamed:    20140619 Red Hat to Acquire eNovance, Focus Together on OpenStack.md -> 201406/20140619 Red Hat to Acquire eNovance, Focus Together on OpenStack.md
	renamed:    20140620 Celebrating 30 Years of X.md -> 201406/20140620 Celebrating 30 Years of X.md
	renamed:    20140620 ENCRYPT DNS TRAFFIC IN LINUX WITH DNSCRYPT (VIA OPENDNS).md -> 201406/20140620 ENCRYPT DNS TRAFFIC IN LINUX WITH DNSCRYPT (VIA OPENDNS).md
	renamed:    20140620 How to enable testing and unstable repository on Debian.md -> 201406/20140620 How to enable testing and unstable repository on Debian.md
	renamed:    20140625 Canonical Debuts 'Orange Box' for Ubuntu OpenStack Cloud Demos.md -> 201406/20140625 Canonical Debuts 'Orange Box' for Ubuntu OpenStack Cloud Demos.md
	renamed:    8 examples of findmnt command to check mounted file systems on Linux.md -> 201406/8 examples of findmnt command to check mounted file systems on Linux.md
	renamed:    Bash Getopts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md -> 201406/Bash Getopts--Scripts with Command Line Options.md
	renamed:    Collectl--An Advanced All-in-One Performance Monitoring Tool for Linux.md -> 201406/Collectl--An Advanced All-in-One Performance Monitoring Tool for Linux.md
	renamed:    Fix Adobe Flash Player Issue In Chromium In Ubuntu 14.04.md -> 201406/Fix Adobe Flash Player Issue In Chromium In Ubuntu 14.04.md
	renamed:    Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md -> 201406/Guide To Install Ubuntu 14.04 In Dual Boot Mode With Windows 8 Or 8.1 UEFI.md
	renamed:    How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md -> 201406/How To Install 'California' Calendar App in Ubuntu 14.04.md
	renamed:    How To Remove Drive Icons From Unity Launcher In Ubuntu 14.04 [Beginner Tips].md -> 201406/How To Remove Drive Icons From Unity Launcher In Ubuntu 14.04 [Beginner Tips].md
	renamed:    How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md -> 201406/How to Install Windows 8.1 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on the Same Computer.md
	renamed:    How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux.md -> 201406/How to download webcomics from the command line on Linux.md
	renamed:    How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md -> 201406/How to launch applications differently with Gnome-Pie on Linux desktop.md
	renamed:    How to manage Linux containers with Docker on Ubuntu.md -> 201406/How to manage Linux containers with Docker on Ubuntu.md
	renamed:    How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md -> 201406/How to manage ip addresses and subnets with phpIPAM.md
	renamed:    How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux.md -> 201406/How to manage passwords from the command line on Linux.md
	renamed:    How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time.md -> 201406/How to monitor Nginx web server from the command line in real time.md
	renamed:    How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md -> 201406/How to set up a web-based lightweight system monitor on Linux.md
	renamed:    How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md -> 201406/How to take a screenshot from the command line on Linux.md
	renamed:    How to take full length screenshots of websites via terminal.md -> 201406/How to take full length screenshots of websites via terminal.md
	renamed:    How to use LVM in Linux.md -> 201406/How to use LVM in Linux.md
	renamed:    How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md -> 201406/How to verify DDOS attack with netstat command on Linux Terminal.md
	renamed:    Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md -> 201406/Install SoundCloud In Ubuntu 14.04.md
	renamed:    Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md -> 201406/Linux Pros' Top Command Line Secrets.md
	renamed:    Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md -> 201406/Linux Terminal--Dstat monitoring tools.md
	renamed:    Making Linux Feel at Home.md -> 201406/Making Linux Feel at Home.md
	renamed:    Open Source's Cult Of Personality Is Dying--Thankfully.md -> 201406/Open Source's Cult Of Personality Is Dying--Thankfully.md
	renamed:    Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md -> 201406/Pros' Secrets and Red Hat 7 and PCLinuxOS 2014.05 Reviews.md
	renamed:    Start Practising Linux ip command and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md -> 201406/Start Practising Linux ip command and Avoid the Habit of Using ifconfig.md
	renamed:    TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md -> 201406/TechView--Linus Torvalds Inventor of Linux.md
	renamed:    Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md -> 201406/Turn Off Bluetooth By Default In Ubuntu 14.04 [Quick Tip].md
	renamed:    Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md -> 201406/Ubuntu Linux Community Manager Jono Bacon Leaves Canonical.md
	renamed:    What Heartbleed Teaches Us--Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md -> 201406/What Heartbleed Teaches Us--Be An Open Source Contributor, Not Just A User.md
	renamed:    Why htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md -> 201406/Why htop Command Compete Linux top Command.md
2014-06-30 21:53:24 +08:00

5.5 KiB
Raw Blame History

怎样使用linux的iptables工具进行网络共享

在本教程中我将解释多个设备怎样在linux下共享一个网络连接。目前无线路由器已经成为主流的消费品从而解决了本文这一问题。这里假设你家中并没有一台无线路由器不过你却有一台已经有"猫"和有线网卡的的linux主机。"猫"是以动态公有IP地址的模式连接到互联网主机的网卡连接到你的交换机或者集线器。其他设备如linux或者windows的PC或者笔记本以网桥的形式连接并且没有连接到互联网。为了共享linux主机的互联网你必须把主机转换成网关以便它能实现从其他设备中传送和接受信息。

术语字汇

  • 私有IP地址路由不可达地址是一个被用于本地局域网的IP地址在互联网中不可见
  • 公用IP地址路由可达地址是一个在互联网中可见的IP地址。
  • IP伪装是一项允许一系列机器通过MASQ网关连接互联网的功能。这些MASQ网关之外的机器在互联网中是不可见的。MASQ之后的机器中任何流入或流出的数据必须经过MASQ网关。
  • 网络地址转换NAT是一项通过IP伪装技术可以使私有IP地址访问互联网的功能。

Hardware Requirements

硬件要求

  • 一台有两个接口一个公有IP地址和其他的私有IP地址的linux主机这个主机将被用作网关。
  • 一台或者多台拥有私有IP地址的linux/windows系统的PC或者笔记本。
  • 交换机/集线器(可选)。

教程步骤

接下来的过程需要在linux主机用于共享的网关上完成。

1、激活IP转发

为了设置网络共享你需要在linux主机上更改一个内核参数来使能IP转发功能。内核启动参数设定在/etc/sysctl.conf文件中。

打开这个文件,定位到含有"# net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0"的这一行,移除#号即取消注释然后将其值设置为1改好之后应该和下面的一致。

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

你还要使激活IP转发功能生效通过执行下面的命令

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
$ sudo sysctl -p

2、NAT配置

另一个网络共享的重要部分是NAT配置这可以通过使用iptables的命令iptables包含四个防火墙的规则表

  • FILTER (默认表格)
  • NAT
  • MANGLE
  • RAW

这个教程中我们将仅使用两个表格FILTER和NAT表格。

首先,刷新所有活跃的防火墙的规则。

$ sudo iptables -X
$ sudo iptables -F
$ sudo iptables -t nat -X
$ sudo iptables -t nat -F

在输入表格中你需要设置转发链FORWARD成可接受的ACCEPT目的地因此所有通过主机的数据包将会被正确的处理。

$ sudo iptables -I INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
$ sudo iptables -I FORWARD -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

在NAT表中你必须为你的WAN口启用IP伪装功能我们假设WAN口协议是ppp0。为了在ppp0接口上使能IP伪造技术我们使用以下的命令

$ sudo iptables -t nat -I POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE

3、配置私有IP地址

在linux主机上的所有配置完成后你需要配置其他设备linux/windows的PC或笔记本的DNS服务器以及默认网关让它们的数据流可以指向linux主机。注意你不需要在linux主机上设置一个DNS服务器从其他设备发出的每一个DNS请求都会通过上游的ISP自动转发到linux主机上。

如果你的其他设备上用的系统是linux你可以通过以下命令来更改他们的默认网关和DNS服务器。假设你的网段是192.168.1.0/24的私有IP地址网段linux主机上绑定的IP地址是192.168.1.1。

$ sudo ip route del default
$ sudo ip route add default via 192.168.1.1
$ sudo sh -c "echo 'nameserver 192.168.1.1' > /etc/resolv.conf"

如果还有其他的linux设备那么你可以重复以上命令。

如果你有windows设备你可以通过控制面板的网络连接属性来更改默认网关和DNS服务器。

4、完整的脚本

这是一个在linux主机上设置网络连接共享的一个完整的脚本。WAN口ppp0协议需要根据你具体的网络接口协议来替换。

$ sudo vi /usr/local/bin/ishare

#!/bin/bash

## Internet connection shating script

sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
sysctl -p
iptables -X
iptables -F
iptables -t nat -X
iptables -t nat -F
iptables -I INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
iptables -I FORWARD  -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
iptables -t nat -I POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE

保存以上的脚本到/usr/local/bin/ishare然后添加可执行权限通过执行下面的命令。

$ sudo chmox +x /usr/local/bin/ishare

如果你需要这个脚本开机启动,你需要在/etc/rc.local文件中执行这个脚本并在该文件中的"exit 0"之前添加下面一行。

/usr/local/bin/ishare

via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/06/internet-connection-sharing-iptables-linux.html

译者:yujianxuechuan 校对:wxy

本文由 LCTT 原创翻译,Linux中国 荣誉推出