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184 lines
8.1 KiB
Markdown
184 lines
8.1 KiB
Markdown
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (lnrCoder)
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[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
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[#]: publisher: (wxy)
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[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-11503-1.html)
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[#]: subject: (How to Get the Size of a Directory in Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/find-get-size-of-directory-folder-linux-disk-usage-du-command/)
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[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
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如何获取 Linux 中的目录大小
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======
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你应该已经注意到，在 Linux 中使用 [ls 命令][1] 列出的目录内容中，目录的大小仅显示 4KB。这个大小正确吗？如果不正确，那它代表什么，又该如何获取 Linux 中的目录或文件夹大小？这是一个默认的大小，是用来存储磁盘上存储目录的元数据的大小。
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Linux 上有一些应用程序可以 [获取目录的实际大小][2]。其中，磁盘使用率（`du`）命令已被 Linux 管理员广泛使用。
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我将向您展示如何使用各种选项获取文件夹大小。
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### 什么是 du 命令?
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[du 命令][3] 表示 <ruby>磁盘使用率<rt>Disk Usage</rt></ruby>。这是一个标准的 Unix 程序，用于估计当前工作目录中的文件空间使用情况。
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它使用递归方式总结磁盘使用情况，以获取目录及其子目录的大小。
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如同我说的那样, 使用 `ls` 命令时，目录大小仅显示 4KB。参见下面的输出。
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```
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$ ls -lh | grep ^d
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drwxr-xr-x 3 daygeek daygeek 4.0K Aug 2 13:57 Bank_Details
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drwxr-xr-x 2 daygeek daygeek 4.0K Mar 15 2019 daygeek
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drwxr-xr-x 6 daygeek daygeek 4.0K Feb 16 2019 drive-2daygeek
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drwxr-xr-x 13 daygeek daygeek 4.0K Jan 6 2019 drive-mageshm
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drwxr-xr-x 15 daygeek daygeek 4.0K Sep 29 21:32 Thanu_Photos
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```
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### 1) 在 Linux 上如何只获取父目录的大小
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使用以下 `du` 命令格式获取给定目录的总大小。在该示例中，我们将得到 `/home/daygeek/Documents` 目录的总大小。
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```
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$ du -hs /home/daygeek/Documents
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或
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$ du -h --max-depth=0 /home/daygeek/Documents/
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20G /home/daygeek/Documents
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```
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详细说明：
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* `du` – 这是一个命令
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* `-h` – 以易读的格式显示大小 (例如 1K 234M 2G)
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* `-s` – 仅显示每个参数的总数
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* `--max-depth=N` – 目录的打印深度
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### 2) 在 Linux 上如何获取每个目录的大小
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使用以下 `du` 命令格式获取每个目录（包括子目录）的总大小。
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在该示例中，我们将获得每个 `/home/daygeek/Documents` 目录及其子目录的总大小。
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```
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$ du -h /home/daygeek/Documents/ | sort -rh | head -20
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20G /home/daygeek/Documents/
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9.6G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek
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6.3G /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos
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5.3G /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/Camera
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5.3G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-videos
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3.2G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm
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2.3G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-Photos
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2.2G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month
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916M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm/Tanisha
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454M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm/2g-backup
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415M /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Video
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300M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Jan-2017
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288M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Oct-2017
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226M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Sep-2017
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219M /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Documents
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213M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm/photos
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163M /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Video/Sent
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161M /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Images
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154M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/June-2017
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150M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Nov-2016
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```
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### 3) 在 Linux 上如何获取每个目录的摘要
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使用如下 `du` 命令格式仅获取每个目录的摘要。
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```
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$ du -hs /home/daygeek/Documents/* | sort -rh | head -10
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9.6G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek
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6.3G /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos
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3.2G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm
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756K /home/daygeek/Documents/Bank_Details
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272K /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-TouchInterface1.png
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172K /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-NightLight.png
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164K /home/daygeek/Documents/ConfigServer Security and Firewall (csf) Cheat Sheet.pdf
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132K /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-Todo.png
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112K /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-ZorinAutoTheme.png
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96K /home/daygeek/Documents/distro-info.xlsx
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```
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### 4) 在 Linux 上如何获取每个目录的不含子目录的大小
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使用如下 `du` 命令格式来展示每个目录的总大小，不包括子目录。
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```
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$ du -hS /home/daygeek/Documents/ | sort -rh | head -20
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5.3G /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/Camera
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5.3G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-videos
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2.3G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-Photos
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1.5G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm
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831M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm/Tanisha
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454M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm/2g-backup
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300M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Jan-2017
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288M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Oct-2017
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253M /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Video
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226M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Sep-2017
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219M /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Documents
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213M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm/photos
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163M /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Video/Sent
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154M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/June-2017
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150M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Nov-2016
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127M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Dec-2016
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100M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Oct-2016
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94M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Nov-2017
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92M /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Images
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90M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Dec-2017
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```
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### 5) 在 Linux 上如何仅获取一级子目录的大小
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如果要获取 Linux 上给定目录的一级子目录（包括其子目录）的大小，请使用以下命令格式。
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```
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$ du -h --max-depth=1 /home/daygeek/Documents/
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3.2G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm
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4.0K /home/daygeek/Documents/daygeek
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756K /home/daygeek/Documents/Bank_Details
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9.6G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek
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6.3G /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos
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20G /home/daygeek/Documents/
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```
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### 6) 如何在 du 命令输出中获得总计
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如果要在 `du` 命令输出中获得总计，请使用以下 `du` 命令格式。
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```
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$ du -hsc /home/daygeek/Documents/* | sort -rh | head -10
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20G total
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9.6G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek
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6.3G /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos
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3.2G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm
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756K /home/daygeek/Documents/Bank_Details
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272K /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-TouchInterface1.png
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172K /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-NightLight.png
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164K /home/daygeek/Documents/ConfigServer Security and Firewall (csf) Cheat Sheet.pdf
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132K /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-Todo.png
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112K /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-ZorinAutoTheme.png
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```
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.2daygeek.com/find-get-size-of-directory-folder-linux-disk-usage-du-command/
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作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[lnrCoder](https://github.com/lnrCoder)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-unix-ls-command-display-directory-contents/
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[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-get-find-size-of-directory-folder-linux/
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[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-check-disk-usage-files-directories-size-du-command/
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