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703 lines
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703 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
论 HTTP 性能，Go 与 .NET Core 一争雌雄
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============================================================
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朋友们，你们好！
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近来，我听到了大量的关于新出的 .NET Core 和其性能的讨论，尤其在 Web 服务方面的讨论更甚。
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因为是新出的，我不想立马就比较两个不同的东西，所以我耐心等待，想等发布更稳定的版本后再进行。
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本周一（8 月 14 日），微软[发布 .NET Core 2.0 版本][7]，因此，我准备开始。您们认为呢？
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如前面所提的，我们会比较它们相同的东西，比如应用程序、预期响应及运行时的稳定性，所以我们不会把像对 JSON 或者 XML 的编码、解码这些烦多的事情加入比较游戏中来，仅仅只会使用简单的文本消息。为了公平起见，我们会分别使用 Go 和 .NET Core 的 [MVC 架构模式][8]。
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### 参赛选手
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[Go][9] （或称 Golang）： 是一种[快速增长][10]的开源编程语言，旨在构建出简单、快捷和稳定可靠的应用软件。
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用于支持 Go 语言的 MVC web 框架并不多，还好我们找到了 Iris ，可胜任此工作。
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[Iris][11]： 支持 Go 语言的快速、简单和高效的微型 Web 框架。它为您的下一代网站、API 或分布式应用程序奠定了精美的表现方式和易于使用的基础。
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[C#][12]： 是一种通用的、面向对象的编程语言。其开发团队由 [Anders Hejlsberg][13] 领导。
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[.NET Core][14]： 跨平台，可以在极少时间内开发出高性能的应用程序。
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可从 [https://golang.org/dl][15] 下载 Go ，从 [https://www.microsoft.com/net/core][16] 下载 .NET Core。
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在下载和安装好这些软件后，还需要为 Go 安装 Iris。安装很简单，仅仅只需要打开终端，然后执行如下语句：
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```
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go get -u github.com/kataras/iris
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```
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### 基准
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#### 硬件
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* 处理器： Intel(R) Core(TM) i7–4710HQ CPU @ 2.50GHz 2.50GHz
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* 内存： 8.00 GB
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#### 软件
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* 操作系统： 微软 Windows [10.0.15063 版本]， 电源计划设置为“高性能”
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* HTTP 基准工具： [https://github.com/codesenberg/bombardier][1]， 使用最新的 1.1 版本。
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* .NET Core： [https://www.microsoft.com/net/core][2]， 使用最新的 2.0 版本。
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* Iris： [https://github.com/kataras/iris][3]， 使用基于 [Go 1.8.3][4] 构建的最新 8.3 版本。
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两个应用程序都通过请求路径 “api/values/{id}” 返回文本“值”。
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##### .NET Core MVC
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Logo 由 [Pablo Iglesias][5] 设计。
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可以使用 `dotnet new webapi` 命令创建项目，其 `webapi` 模板会为您生成代码，代码包含 `GET` 请求方法的 `返回“值”`。
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源代码：
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```
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using System;
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using System.Collections.Generic;
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using System.IO;
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using System.Linq;
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using System.Threading.Tasks;
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using Microsoft.AspNetCore;
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using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
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using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
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using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
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namespace netcore_mvc
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{
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public class Program
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{
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public static void Main(string[] args)
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{
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BuildWebHost(args).Run();
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}
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public static IWebHost BuildWebHost(string[] args) =>
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WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
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.UseStartup<Startup>()
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.Build();
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}
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}
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```
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```
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using System;
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using System.Collections.Generic;
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using System.Linq;
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using System.Threading.Tasks;
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using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
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using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
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using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
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using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
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using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
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using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
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namespace netcore_mvc
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{
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public class Startup
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{
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public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
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{
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Configuration = configuration;
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}
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public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }
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// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
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public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
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{
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services.AddMvcCore();
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}
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// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
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public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
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{
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app.UseMvc();
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}
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}
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}
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```
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```
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using System;
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using System.Collections.Generic;
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using System.Linq;
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using System.Threading.Tasks;
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using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
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namespace netcore_mvc.Controllers
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{
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// ValuesController is the equivalent
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// `ValuesController` of the Iris 8.3 mvc application.
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[Route("api/[controller]")]
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public class ValuesController : Controller
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{
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// Get handles "GET" requests to "api/values/{id}".
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[HttpGet("{id}")]
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public string Get(int id)
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{
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return "value";
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}
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// Put handles "PUT" requests to "api/values/{id}".
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[HttpPut("{id}")]
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public void Put(int id, [FromBody]string value)
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{
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}
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// Delete handles "DELETE" requests to "api/values/{id}".
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[HttpDelete("{id}")]
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public void Delete(int id)
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{
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}
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}
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}
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```
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运行 .NET Core web 服务项目：
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```
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$ cd netcore-mvc
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$ dotnet run -c Release
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Hosting environment: Production
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Content root path: C:\mygopath\src\github.com\kataras\iris\_benchmarks\netcore-mvc
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Now listening on: http://localhost:5000
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Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down.
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```
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运行和定位 HTTP 基准工具：
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```
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$ bombardier -c 125 -n 5000000 http://localhost:5000/api/values/5
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Bombarding http://localhost:5000/api/values/5 with 5000000 requests using 125 connections
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5000000 / 5000000 [=====================================================] 100.00% 2m3s
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Done!
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Statistics Avg Stdev Max
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Reqs/sec 40226.03 8724.30 161919
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Latency 3.09ms 1.40ms 169.12ms
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HTTP codes:
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1xx - 0, 2xx - 5000000, 3xx - 0, 4xx - 0, 5xx - 0
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others - 0
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Throughput: 8.91MB/s
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```
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##### Iris MVC
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Logo 由 [Santosh Anand][6] 设计。
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源代码：
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```
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package main
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import (
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"github.com/kataras/iris"
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"github.com/kataras/iris/_benchmarks/iris-mvc/controllers"
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)
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func main() {
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app := iris.New()
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app.Controller("/api/values/{id}", new(controllers.ValuesController))
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app.Run(iris.Addr(":5000"), iris.WithoutVersionChecker)
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}
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view raw
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```
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```
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package controllers
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import "github.com/kataras/iris/mvc"
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// ValuesController is the equivalent
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// `ValuesController` of the .net core 2.0 mvc application.
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type ValuesController struct {
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mvc.Controller
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}
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// Get handles "GET" requests to "api/values/{id}".
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func (vc *ValuesController) Get() {
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// id,_ := vc.Params.GetInt("id")
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vc.Ctx.WriteString("value")
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}
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// Put handles "PUT" requests to "api/values/{id}".
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func (vc *ValuesController) Put() {}
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// Delete handles "DELETE" requests to "api/values/{id}".
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func (vc *ValuesController) Delete() {}
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```
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运行 Go web 服务项目：
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```
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$ cd iris-mvc
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$ go run main.go
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Now listening on: http://localhost:5000
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Application started. Press CTRL+C to shut down.
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```
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运行和定位 HTTP 基准工具：
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```
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$ bombardier -c 125 -n 5000000 http://localhost:5000/api/values/5
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Bombarding http://localhost:5000/api/values/5 with 5000000 requests using 125 connections
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5000000 / 5000000 [======================================================] 100.00% 47s
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Done!
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Statistics Avg Stdev Max
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Reqs/sec 105643.81 7687.79 122564
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Latency 1.18ms 366.55us 22.01ms
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HTTP codes:
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1xx - 0, 2xx - 5000000, 3xx - 0, 4xx - 0, 5xx - 0
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others - 0
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Throughput: 19.65MB/s
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```
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想通过图片来理解的人，我也把我的屏幕截屏出来了！
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请点击[这儿][23]可以看到这些屏幕快照。
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#### 总结
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* 完成 `5000000 个请求`的时间 - 越短越好。
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* 请求次数/每秒 - 越大越好。
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* 等待时间 — 越短越好。
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* 吞吐量 — 越大越好。
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* 内存使用 — 越小越好。
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* LOC (代码行数) — 越少越好。
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.NET Core MVC 应用程序，使用 86 行代码，运行 2 分钟 8 秒，每秒接纳 39311.56 个请求，平均 3.19ms 等待，最大时到 229.73ms，内存使用大约为 126MB（不包括 dotnet 框架）。
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Iris MVC 应用程序，使用 27 行代码，运行 47 秒，每秒接纳 105643.71 个请求，平均 1.18ms 等待，最大时到 22.01ms，内存使用大约为 12MB。
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> 还有另外一个模板的基准，滚动到底部。
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**2017 年 8 月 20 号更新**
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[Josh Clark] [24] 和 [Scott Hanselman] [25]在此 [tweet 评论] [26]上指出，.NET Core `Startup.cs` 文件中 `services.AddMvc();` 这行可以替换为 `services.AddMvcCore();`。我听从他们的意见，修改代码，重新运行基准，该文章的 .NET Core 应用程序的基准输出已经修改。
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@topdawgevh @shanselman 他们也在使用 `AddMvc()` 而不是 `AddMvcCore()` ...，难道都不包含中间件？
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— @clarkis117
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@clarkis117 @topdawgevh Cool @MakisMaropoulos @ben_a_adams @davidfowl 我们来看看。认真学习下怎么使用更简单的性能默认值。
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— @shanselman
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@shanselman @clarkis117 @topdawgevh @ben_a_adams @davidfowl @shanselman @ben_a_adams @davidfowl 谢谢您们的反馈意见。我已经修改，更新了结果，没什么不同。对其它的建议，我非常欢迎。
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— @MakisMaropoulos
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> 它有点稍微的不同但相差不大（从 8.61MB/s 到 8.91MB/s）
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想要了解跟 `services.AddMvc()` 标准比较结果的，可以点击[这儿][27]。
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### 想再多了解点儿吗?
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我们再制定一个基准，产生 `1000000 次请求`，这次会通过视图引擎由模板生成 `HTML` 页面。
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#### .NET Core MVC 使用的模板
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```
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using System;
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namespace netcore_mvc_templates.Models
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{
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public class ErrorViewModel
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{
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public string Title { get; set; }
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public int Code { get; set; }
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}
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}
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```
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```
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using System;
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using System.Collections.Generic;
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using System.Diagnostics;
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using System.Linq;
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using System.Threading.Tasks;
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using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
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using netcore_mvc_templates.Models;
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namespace netcore_mvc_templates.Controllers
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{
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public class HomeController : Controller
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{
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public IActionResult Index()
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{
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return View();
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}
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public IActionResult About()
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{
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ViewData["Message"] = "Your application description page.";
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return View();
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}
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public IActionResult Contact()
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{
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ViewData["Message"] = "Your contact page.";
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return View();
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}
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public IActionResult Error()
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{
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return View(new ErrorViewModel { Title = "Error", Code = 500});
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}
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}
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}
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```
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```
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using System;
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using System.Collections.Generic;
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using System.IO;
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using System.Linq;
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using System.Threading.Tasks;
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using Microsoft.AspNetCore;
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using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
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using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
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using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
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namespace netcore_mvc_templates
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{
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public class Program
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{
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public static void Main(string[] args)
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{
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BuildWebHost(args).Run();
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}
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public static IWebHost BuildWebHost(string[] args) =>
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WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
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.UseStartup<Startup>()
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.Build();
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}
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}
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```
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```
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using System;
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using System.Collections.Generic;
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using System.Linq;
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using System.Threading.Tasks;
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using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
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using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
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using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
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using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
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namespace netcore_mvc_templates
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{
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public class Startup
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{
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public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
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{
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Configuration = configuration;
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}
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public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }
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// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
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public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
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{
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/* An unhandled exception was thrown by the application.
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System.InvalidOperationException: No service for type
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'Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewFeatures.ITempDataDictionaryFactory' has been registered.
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Solution: Use AddMvc() instead of AddMvcCore() in Startup.cs and it will work.
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*/
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// services.AddMvcCore();
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services.AddMvc();
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}
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// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
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public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
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{
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app.UseStaticFiles();
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app.UseMvc(routes =>
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{
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routes.MapRoute(
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name: "default",
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template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
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});
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}
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}
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}
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```
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```
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/*
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wwwroot/css
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wwwroot/images
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wwwroot/js
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wwwroot/lib
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wwwroot/favicon.ico
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Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml
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Views/Shared/Error.cshtml
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Views/Home/About.cshtml
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Views/Home/Contact.cshtml
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Views/Home/Index.cshtml
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These files are quite long to be shown in this article but you can view them at:
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https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_benchmarks/netcore-mvc-templates
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```
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运行 .NET Core 服务项目：
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|
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```
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$ cd netcore-mvc-templates
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$ dotnet run -c Release
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Hosting environment: Production
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Content root path: C:\mygopath\src\github.com\kataras\iris\_benchmarks\netcore-mvc-templates
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Now listening on: http://localhost:5000
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Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down.
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```
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运行 HTTP 基准工具：
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|
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```
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Bombarding http://localhost:5000 with 1000000 requests using 125 connections
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1000000 / 1000000 [====================================================] 100.00% 1m20s
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Done!
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Statistics Avg Stdev Max
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Reqs/sec 11738.60 7741.36 125887
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Latency 10.10ms 22.10ms 1.97s
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HTTP codes:
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1xx — 0, 2xx — 1000000, 3xx — 0, 4xx — 0, 5xx — 0
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others — 0
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Throughput: 89.03MB/s
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```
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|
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#### Iris MVC 使用的模板
|
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|
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```
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package controllers
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import "github.com/kataras/iris/mvc"
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|
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type AboutController struct{ mvc.Controller }
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func (c *AboutController) Get() {
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c.Data["Title"] = "About"
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c.Data["Message"] = "Your application description page."
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c.Tmpl = "about.html"
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}
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```
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```
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package controllers
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import "github.com/kataras/iris/mvc"
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type ContactController struct{ mvc.Controller }
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func (c *ContactController) Get() {
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c.Data["Title"] = "Contact"
|
||
c.Data["Message"] = "Your contact page."
|
||
c.Tmpl = "contact.html"
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
package models
|
||
|
||
// HTTPError a silly structure to keep our error page data.
|
||
type HTTPError struct {
|
||
Title string
|
||
Code int
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
package controllers
|
||
|
||
import "github.com/kataras/iris/mvc"
|
||
|
||
type IndexController struct{ mvc.Controller }
|
||
|
||
func (c *IndexController) Get() {
|
||
c.Data["Title"] = "Home Page"
|
||
c.Tmpl = "index.html"
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
package main
|
||
|
||
import (
|
||
"github.com/kataras/iris/_benchmarks/iris-mvc-templates/controllers"
|
||
|
||
"github.com/kataras/iris"
|
||
"github.com/kataras/iris/context"
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
const (
|
||
// templatesDir is the exactly the same path that .NET Core is using for its templates,
|
||
// in order to reduce the size in the repository.
|
||
// Change the "C\\mygopath" to your own GOPATH.
|
||
templatesDir = "C:\\mygopath\\src\\github.com\\kataras\\iris\\_benchmarks\\netcore-mvc-templates\\wwwroot"
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
func main() {
|
||
app := iris.New()
|
||
app.Configure(configure)
|
||
|
||
app.Controller("/", new(controllers.IndexController))
|
||
app.Controller("/about", new(controllers.AboutController))
|
||
app.Controller("/contact", new(controllers.ContactController))
|
||
|
||
app.Run(iris.Addr(":5000"), iris.WithoutVersionChecker)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func configure(app *iris.Application) {
|
||
app.RegisterView(iris.HTML("./views", ".html").Layout("shared/layout.html"))
|
||
app.StaticWeb("/public", templatesDir)
|
||
app.OnAnyErrorCode(onError)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
type err struct {
|
||
Title string
|
||
Code int
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func onError(ctx context.Context) {
|
||
ctx.ViewData("", err{"Error", ctx.GetStatusCode()})
|
||
ctx.View("shared/error.html")
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
/*
|
||
../netcore-mvc-templates/wwwroot/css
|
||
../netcore-mvc-templates/wwwroot/images
|
||
../netcore-mvc-templates/wwwroot/js
|
||
../netcore-mvc-templates/wwwroot/lib
|
||
../netcore-mvc-templates/wwwroot/favicon.ico
|
||
views/shared/layout.html
|
||
views/shared/error.html
|
||
views/about.html
|
||
views/contact.html
|
||
views/index.html
|
||
These files are quite long to be shown in this article but you can view them at:
|
||
https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_benchmarks/iris-mvc-templates
|
||
*/
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
运行 Go 服务项目：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ cd iris-mvc-templates
|
||
$ go run main.go
|
||
Now listening on: http://localhost:5000
|
||
Application started. Press CTRL+C to shut down.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
运行 HTTP 基准工具：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
Bombarding http://localhost:5000 with 1000000 requests using 125 connections
|
||
1000000 / 1000000 [======================================================] 100.00% 37s
|
||
Done!
|
||
Statistics Avg Stdev Max
|
||
Reqs/sec 26656.76 1944.73 31188
|
||
Latency 4.69ms 1.20ms 22.52ms
|
||
HTTP codes:
|
||
1xx — 0, 2xx — 1000000, 3xx — 0, 4xx — 0, 5xx — 0
|
||
others — 0
|
||
Throughput: 192.51MB/s
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 总结
|
||
|
||
* 完成 `1000000 个请求`的时间 - 越短越好。
|
||
* 请求次数/每秒 - 越大越好。
|
||
* 等待时间 — 越短越好。
|
||
* 内存使用 — 越小越好。
|
||
* 吞吐量 — 越大越好。
|
||
|
||
.NET Core MVC 模板应用程序，运行 1 分钟 20 秒，每秒接纳 11738.60 个请求，同时每秒生成 89.03M 页面，平均 10.10ms 等待，最大时到 1.97s，内存使用大约为 193MB（不包括 dotnet 框架）。
|
||
|
||
Iris MVC 模板应用程序，运行 37 秒，每秒接纳 26656.76 个请求，同时每秒生成 192.51M 页面，平均 1.18ms 等待，最大时到 22.52ms，内存使用大约为 17MB。
|
||
|
||
### 接下来呢？
|
||
|
||
[这里][32]有上面所示的源代码，请下载下来，在您本地以同样的基准运行，然后把运行结果在这儿给大家分享。
|
||
|
||
想添加 Go 或 C# .net core WEB 服务框架到列表的朋友请向[这个仓库][33]的 `_benchmarks ` 目录推送 PR。
|
||
|
||
我也需要亲自感谢下 [dev.to][34] 团队，感谢把我的这篇文章分享到他们的 Twitter 账户。
|
||
|
||
|
||
感谢大家真心反馈，玩得开心！
|
||
|
||
#### 更新 : 2017 年 8 月 21 ，周一
|
||
|
||
很多人联系我，希望看到一个基于 .NET Core 的较低级别 Kestrel 的基准测试文章。
|
||
|
||
因此我完成了，请点击下面的[链接][35]来了解 Kestrel 和 Iris 之间的性能差异，它还包含一个会话存储管理基准！
|
||
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
via: https://hackernoon.com/go-vs-net-core-in-terms-of-http-performance-7535a61b67b8
|
||
|
||
作者：[Gerasimos Maropoulos][a]
|
||
译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater)
|
||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||
|
||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||
|
||
[a]:https://hackernoon.com/@kataras?source=post_header_lockup
|
||
[1]:https://github.com/codesenberg/bombardier
|
||
[2]:https://www.microsoft.com/net/core
|
||
[3]:https://github.com/kataras/iris
|
||
[4]:https://golang.org/
|
||
[5]:https://github.com/campusMVP/dotnetCoreLogoPack
|
||
[6]:https://github.com/santoshanand
|
||
[7]:https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/dotnet/2017/08/14/announcing-net-core-2-0/
|
||
[8]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93controller
|
||
[9]:https://golang.org/
|
||
[10]:http://www.tiobe.com/tiobe-index/
|
||
[11]:http://iris-go.com/
|
||
[12]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_%28programming_language%29
|
||
[13]:https://twitter.com/ahejlsberg
|
||
[14]:https://www.microsoft.com/net/
|
||
[15]:https://golang.org/dl
|
||
[16]:https://www.microsoft.com/net/core
|
||
[17]:http://localhost:5000/
|
||
[18]:http://localhost:5000/api/values/5
|
||
[19]:http://localhost:5000/api/values/5
|
||
[20]:http://localhost:5000/
|
||
[21]:http://localhost:5000/api/values/5
|
||
[22]:http://localhost:5000/api/values/5
|
||
[23]:https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_benchmarks/screens
|
||
[24]:https://twitter.com/clarkis117
|
||
[25]:https://twitter.com/shanselman
|
||
[26]:https://twitter.com/shanselman/status/899005786826788865
|
||
[27]:https://github.com/kataras/iris/blob/master/_benchmarks/screens/5m_requests_netcore-mvc.png
|
||
[28]:http://localhost:5000/
|
||
[29]:http://localhost:5000/
|
||
[30]:http://localhost:5000/
|
||
[31]:http://localhost:5000/
|
||
[32]:https://github.com/kataras/iris/tree/master/_benchmarks
|
||
[33]:https://github.com/kataras/iris
|
||
[34]:https://dev.to/kataras/go-vsnet-core-in-terms-of-http-performance
|
||
[35]:https://medium.com/@kataras/iris-go-vs-net-core-kestrel-in-terms-of-http-performance-806195dc93d5 |