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在 Linux/UNIX 终端下使用 nload 实时监控网络流量和带宽使用

如果你想在命令行界面监控网络吞吐量nload 应用程序是个不错的选择。它是一个实时监控网络流量和带宽使用的控制台应用程序,使用两个图表可视化地展示接收和发送的流量,并提供诸如数据交换总量、最小/最大网络带宽使用量等附加信息。

###安装###

在 CentOS/RHEL/Red Hat/Fedora Linux 上安装 nload

首先在 CentOS 或者基于 RHEL 的操作系统上启用 EPEL 仓库,然后键入 yum 命令安装 nload

# yum install nload

在 Debian 或者 Ubuntu Linux 上安装 nload

键入 apt-get 命令

$ sudo apt-get install nload

在 FreeBSD 操作系统上安装 nload

通过 port 安装 nload键入

# cd /usr/ports/net/nload/ && make install clean

或者添加包

# pkg install net/nload

在 OpenBSD 操作系统上安装 nload

键入下列命令:

$ sudo pkg_add -i nload

在类 Unix 操作系统上从源代码安装 nload

首先,使用 wget 或者 curl 命令获取源代码:

$ cd /tmp
$ wget http://www.roland-riegel.de/nload/nload-0.7.4.tar.gz

使用 tar 命令解压缩名为 nload-0.7.4.tar.gz 的 tar 包,键入:

$ tar xvf nload-0.7.4.tar.gz

使用 cd 命令进入 nload 源代码所在目录:

$ cd nload*

然后键入 ./configure 为你的操作系统配置安装包:

$ sh ./configure

或者

$ ./configure

运行 configure 命令需要一点时间。完成后,使用 make 命令编译 nload

$ make

最后,键入 make install 命令以 root 用户身份安装 nload 应用程序和相关文件:

$ sudo make install

或者

# make install

使用

如何使用 nload 显示当前网络使用量呢?

基本语法是:

nload
nload device
nload [options] device1 device2

键入下列命令:

$ nload
$ nload eth0
$ nload em0 em2

会得到输出:

Fig. 01: nload command in action

图01: 使用 nload 命令

操控 nload 应用程序

nload 命令一旦执行就会开始监控网络设备,你可以使用下列快捷键操控 nload 应用程序。

  1. 你可以按键盘上的 ← → 或者 Enter/Tab 键在设备间切换。
  2. 按 F2 显示选项窗口。
  3. 按 F5 将当前设置保存到用户配置文件。
  4. 按 F6 从配置文件重新加载设置。
  5. 按 q 或者 Ctrl+C 退出 nload。

设置显示刷新间隔

默认每 100 毫秒刷新一次显示数值,下面的例子将时间间隔设置成 500 毫秒:

$ nload -t {interval_number_in_millisec}
$ nload -t 500

输出:

Animated gif 01 - nload command in action

GIF 动画 01 - 使用 nload 命令

设置流量数值显示的单位

语法如下:

$ nload -u h|H|b|B|k|K|m|M|g|G
$ nload -U h|H|b|B|k|K|m|M|g|G
$ nload -u h
$ nload -u G
$ nload -U G

释义:

  • 小写选项 -u: h 意为自动格式化为人类易读的单位b 意为 Bit/sk 意为 kBit/sm 意为 MBit/sg 意为 GBit/s。大写字母意为使用 Byte 替代 Bit。默认为 k。
  • 大写选项 -U 与小写选项 -u 非常相似,不同之处在于它展示的是数据量,比如 Bit, kByte, GBit 等等。(没有 "/s")。默认值是 M。

结论

我觉得 nload 是一个稳定可靠的应用程序,如果你喜欢 nload你可能也想试试 Linux 和其他类 Unix 操作系统环境下的 vnstat 与 iftop 工具。


译自: http://www.cyberciti.biz/networking/nload-linux-command-to-monitor-network-traffic-bandwidth-usage/

译者:blueabysm 校对:wxy

本文由 LCTT 原创翻译,Linux中国 荣誉推出