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Generate a strong password from the command line
Having a strong password is the most important thing you can do to protect your account or server and to keep your data secure. Common thinking is that a strong password should be comprised of at least 14 characters, including lowercase and uppercase alphabetic characters, numbers and symbols and should never be based on a dictionary word. Using a long password is much more secure that using a short one, the longer the password the harder it is to guess. In this post, we will take a look at a several different ways to generate a strong password using the Linux command line.
Generate a strong password with openssl
This method uses the openssl rand function and it will generate 14 characters random string:
openssl rand -base64 14
Generate a strong password with urandom
In this method we will filter the /dev/urandom output with tr to delete unwanted characters and print the first 14 characters:
< /dev/urandom tr -dc A-Za-z0-9 | head -c14; echo
Generate a strong password with pwgen
pwgenis a tool that generates random, meaningless but pronounceable passwords.
To install pwgen run:
sudo apt-get install pwgen
Once the installation is complete, use the following command to generate a random string of 14 characters:
pwgen 14 1
You can also use some of the following flags:
-c or --capitalize
Include at least one capital letter in the password
-A or --no-capitalize
Don't include capital letters in the password
-n or --numerals
Include at least one number in the password
-0 or --no-numerals
Don't include numbers in the password
-y or --symbols
Include at least one special symbol in the password
-s or --secure
Generate completely random passwords
-B or --ambiguous
Don't include ambiguous characters in the password
-h or --help
Print a help message
-H or --sha1=path/to/file[#seed]
Use sha1 hash of given file as a (not so) random generator
-C
Print the generated passwords in columns
-1
Don't print the generated passwords in columns
-v or --no-vowels
Do not use any vowels so as to avoid accidental nasty words
Generate a strong password with gpg
We can also use the gpg tool to generate a strong 14 characters password:
gpg --gen-random --armor 1 14
Of course, there are many other ways to generate a strong password. For example, you can add the following bash shell function to your ~/.bashrc file:
genpasswd() {
strings /dev/urandom | grep -o '[[:alnum:]]' | head -n 14 | tr -d '\n'; echo
}
and when you need to generate a strong random password just type genpasswd
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