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349 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
如何在 Docker 容器中架设一个完整的 WordPress 站点
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================================================================================
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大家好,今天我们来学习一下如何在 Docker 容器里运行的 Nginx Web 服务器中安装 WordPress。WordPress 是一个很好的免费开源的内容管理系统,全球成千上万的网站都在使用它。[Docker][1] 是一个开源项目,提供了一个可以打包、装载和运行任何应用的轻量级容器的开放平台。它没有语言支持、框架和打包系统的限制,从小型的家用电脑到高端服务器,在何时何地都可以运行。这使它们可以不依赖于特定软件栈和供应商,像一块块积木一样部署和扩展网络应用、数据库和后端服务。
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今天,我们会在 docker 容器上部署最新的 WordPress 软件包,包括需要的前提条件,例如 Nginx Web 服务器、PHP5、MariaDB 服务器等。下面是在运行在 Docker 容器上成功安装 WordPress 的简单步骤。
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### 1. 安装 Docker ###
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在我们真正开始之前,我们需要确保在我们的 Linux 机器上已经安装了 Docker。我们使用的主机是 CentOS 7,因此我们用下面的命令使用 yum 管理器安装 docker。
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# yum install docker
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![安装 Docker](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/installing-docker.png)
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# systemctl restart docker.service
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### 2. 创建 WordPress 的 Dockerfile ###
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我们需要创建用于自动安装 wordpress 以及其前置需求的 Dockerfile。这个 Dockerfile 将用于构建 WordPress 的安装镜像。这个 WordPress Dockerfile 会从 Docker Registry Hub 获取 CentOS 7 镜像并用最新的可用更新升级系统。然后它会安装必要的软件,例如 Nginx Web 服务器、PHP、MariaDB、Open SSH 服务器,以及其它保证 Docker 容器正常运行不可缺少的组件。最后它会执行一个初始化 WordPress 安装的脚本。
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# nano Dockerfile
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然后,我们需要将下面的配置行添加到 Dockerfile中。
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FROM centos:centos7
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MAINTAINER The CentOS Project <cloud-ops@centos.org>
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RUN yum -y update; yum clean all
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RUN yum -y install epel-release; yum clean all
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RUN yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server mariadb-client nginx php-fpm php-cli php-mysql php-gd php-imap php-ldap php-odbc php-pear php-xml php-xmlrpc php-magickwand php-magpierss php-mbstring php-mcrypt php-mssql php-shout php-snmp php-soap php-tidy php-apc pwgen python-setuptools curl git tar; yum clean all
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ADD ./start.sh /start.sh
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ADD ./nginx-site.conf /nginx.conf
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RUN mv /nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
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RUN rm -rf /usr/share/nginx/html/*
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RUN /usr/bin/easy_install supervisor
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RUN /usr/bin/easy_install supervisor-stdout
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ADD ./supervisord.conf /etc/supervisord.conf
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RUN echo %sudo ALL=NOPASSWD: ALL >> /etc/sudoers
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ADD http://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz /wordpress.tar.gz
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RUN tar xvzf /wordpress.tar.gz
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RUN mv /wordpress/* /usr/share/nginx/html/.
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RUN chown -R apache:apache /usr/share/nginx/
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RUN chmod 755 /start.sh
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RUN mkdir /var/run/sshd
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EXPOSE 80
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EXPOSE 22
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CMD ["/bin/bash", "/start.sh"]
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![Wordpress Docker 文件](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Dockerfile-wordpress.png)
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### 3. 创建启动脚本 ###
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我们创建了 Dockerfile 之后,我们需要创建用于运行和配置 WordPress 安装的脚本,名称为 start.sh。它会为 WordPress 创建并配置数据库和密码。用我们喜欢的文本编辑器打开 start.sh。
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# nano start.sh
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打开 start.sh 之后,我们要添加下面的配置行到文件中。
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#!/bin/bash
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__check() {
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if [ -f /usr/share/nginx/html/wp-config.php ]; then
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exit
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fi
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}
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__create_user() {
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# 创建用于 SSH 登录的用户
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SSH_USERPASS=`pwgen -c -n -1 8`
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useradd -G wheel user
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echo user:$SSH_USERPASS | chpasswd
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echo ssh user password: $SSH_USERPASS
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}
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__mysql_config() {
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# 启用并运行 MySQL
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yum -y erase mariadb mariadb-server
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rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/ /etc/my.cnf
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yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server
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mysql_install_db
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chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
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/usr/bin/mysqld_safe &
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sleep 10
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}
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__handle_passwords() {
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# 在这里我们生成随机密码(多亏了 pwgen)。前面两个用于 mysql 用户,最后一个用于 wp-config.php 的随机密钥。
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WORDPRESS_DB="wordpress"
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MYSQL_PASSWORD=`pwgen -c -n -1 12`
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WORDPRESS_PASSWORD=`pwgen -c -n -1 12`
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# 这是在日志中显示的密码。
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echo mysql root password: $MYSQL_PASSWORD
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echo wordpress password: $WORDPRESS_PASSWORD
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echo $MYSQL_PASSWORD > /mysql-root-pw.txt
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echo $WORDPRESS_PASSWORD > /wordpress-db-pw.txt
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# 这里原来是一个包括 sed、cat、pipe 和 stuff 的很长的行,但多亏了
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# @djfiander 的 https://gist.github.com/djfiander/6141138
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# 现在没有了
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sed -e "s/database_name_here/$WORDPRESS_DB/
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s/username_here/$WORDPRESS_DB/
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s/password_here/$WORDPRESS_PASSWORD/
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/'AUTH_KEY'/s/put your unique phrase here/`pwgen -c -n -1 65`/
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/'SECURE_AUTH_KEY'/s/put your unique phrase here/`pwgen -c -n -1 65`/
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/'LOGGED_IN_KEY'/s/put your unique phrase here/`pwgen -c -n -1 65`/
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/'NONCE_KEY'/s/put your unique phrase here/`pwgen -c -n -1 65`/
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/'AUTH_SALT'/s/put your unique phrase here/`pwgen -c -n -1 65`/
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/'SECURE_AUTH_SALT'/s/put your unique phrase here/`pwgen -c -n -1 65`/
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/'LOGGED_IN_SALT'/s/put your unique phrase here/`pwgen -c -n -1 65`/
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/'NONCE_SALT'/s/put your unique phrase here/`pwgen -c -n -1 65`/" /usr/share/nginx/html/wp-config-sample.php > /usr/share/nginx/html/wp-config.php
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}
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__httpd_perms() {
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chown apache:apache /usr/share/nginx/html/wp-config.php
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}
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__start_mysql() {
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# systemctl 启动 mysqld 服务
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mysqladmin -u root password $MYSQL_PASSWORD
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mysql -uroot -p$MYSQL_PASSWORD -e "CREATE DATABASE wordpress; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON wordpress.* TO 'wordpress'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '$WORDPRESS_PASSWORD'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;"
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killall mysqld
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sleep 10
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}
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__run_supervisor() {
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supervisord -n
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}
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# 调用所有函数
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__check
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__create_user
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__mysql_config
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__handle_passwords
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__httpd_perms
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__start_mysql
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__run_supervisor
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![启动脚本](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/start-script.png)
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增加完上面的配置之后,保存并关闭文件。
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### 4. 创建配置文件 ###
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现在,我们需要创建 Nginx Web 服务器的配置文件,命名为 nginx-site.conf。
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# nano nginx-site.conf
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然后,增加下面的配置信息到配置文件。
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user nginx;
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worker_processes 1;
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error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
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#error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log notice;
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#error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log info;
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pid /run/nginx.pid;
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events {
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worker_connections 1024;
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}
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http {
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include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
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default_type application/octet-stream;
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log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
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'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
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'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
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access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
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sendfile on;
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#tcp_nopush on;
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#keepalive_timeout 0;
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keepalive_timeout 65;
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#gzip on;
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index index.html index.htm index.php;
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# Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
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# See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
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# for more information.
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include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
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server {
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listen 80;
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server_name localhost;
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#charset koi8-r;
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#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
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root /usr/share/nginx/html;
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#error_page 404 /404.html;
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# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
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#
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error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
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location = /50x.html {
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root html;
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}
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# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
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#
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#location ~ \.php$ {
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# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
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#}
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# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
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#
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location ~ \.php$ {
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root /usr/share/nginx/html;
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try_files $uri =404;
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fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
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fastcgi_index index.php;
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fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
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include fastcgi_params;
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}
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# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
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# concurs with nginx's one
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#
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#location ~ /\.ht {
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# deny all;
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#}
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}
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}
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![Nginx 配置](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/nginx-conf.png)
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现在,创建 supervisor.conf 文件并添加下面的行。
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# nano supervisord.conf
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然后,添加以下行。
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[unix_http_server]
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file=/tmp/supervisor.sock ; (the path to the socket file)
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[supervisord]
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logfile=/tmp/supervisord.log ; (main log file;default $CWD/supervisord.log)
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logfile_maxbytes=50MB ; (max main logfile bytes b4 rotation;default 50MB)
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logfile_backups=10 ; (num of main logfile rotation backups;default 10)
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loglevel=info ; (log level;default info; others: debug,warn,trace)
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pidfile=/tmp/supervisord.pid ; (supervisord pidfile;default supervisord.pid)
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nodaemon=false ; (start in foreground if true;default false)
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minfds=1024 ; (min. avail startup file descriptors;default 1024)
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minprocs=200 ; (min. avail process descriptors;default 200)
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; the below section must remain in the config file for RPC
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; (supervisorctl/web interface) to work, additional interfaces may be
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; added by defining them in separate rpcinterface: sections
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[rpcinterface:supervisor]
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supervisor.rpcinterface_factory = supervisor.rpcinterface:make_main_rpcinterface
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[supervisorctl]
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serverurl=unix:///tmp/supervisor.sock ; use a unix:// URL for a unix socket
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[program:php-fpm]
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command=/usr/sbin/php-fpm -c /etc/php/fpm
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stdout_events_enabled=true
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stderr_events_enabled=true
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[program:php-fpm-log]
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command=tail -f /var/log/php-fpm/php-fpm.log
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stdout_events_enabled=true
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stderr_events_enabled=true
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[program:mysql]
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command=/usr/bin/mysql --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysql/error.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock --port=3306
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stdout_events_enabled=true
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stderr_events_enabled=true
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[program:nginx]
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command=/usr/sbin/nginx
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stdout_events_enabled=true
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stderr_events_enabled=true
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[eventlistener:stdout]
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command = supervisor_stdout
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buffer_size = 100
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events = PROCESS_LOG
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result_handler = supervisor_stdout:event_handler
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![Supervisord 配置](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/supervisord.png)
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添加完后,保存并关闭文件。
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### 5. 构建 WordPress 容器 ###
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现在,完成了创建配置文件和脚本之后,我们终于要使用 Dockerfile 来创建安装最新的 WordPress CMS(译者注:Content Management System,内容管理系统)所需要的容器,并根据配置文件进行配置。做到这点,我们需要在对应的目录中运行以下命令。
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# docker build --rm -t wordpress:centos7 .
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![构建 WordPress 容器](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/building-wordpress-container.png)
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### 6. 运行 WordPress 容器 ###
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现在,执行以下命令运行新构建的容器,并为 Nginx Web 服务器和 SSH 访问打开88 和 22号相应端口 。
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# CID=$(docker run -d -p 80:80 wordpress:centos7)
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![运行 WordPress Docker](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/run-wordpress-docker.png)
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运行以下命令检查进程以及容器内部执行的命令。
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# echo "$(docker logs $CID )"
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运行以下命令检查端口映射是否正确。
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# docker ps
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![docker 状态](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/docker-state.png)
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### 7. Web 界面 ###
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最后如果一切正常的话,当我们用浏览器打开 http://ip-address/ 或者 http://mywebsite.com/ 的时候会看到 WordPress 的欢迎界面。
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![启动Wordpress](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/wordpress-start.png)
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现在,我们将通过 Web 界面为 WordPress 面板设置 WordPress 的配置、用户名和密码。
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![Wordpress 欢迎界面](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/wordpress-welcome.png)
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然后,用上面用户名和密码输入到 WordPress 登录界面。
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![wordpress 登录](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/wordpress-login.png)
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### 总结 ###
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我们已经成功地在以 CentOS 7 作为 docker OS 的 LEMP 栈上构建并运行了 WordPress CMS。从安全层面来说,在容器中运行 WordPress 对于宿主系统更加安全可靠。这篇文章介绍了在 Docker 容器中运行的 Nginx Web 服务器上使用 WordPress 的完整配置。如果你有任何问题、建议、反馈,请在下面的评论框中写下来,让我们可以改进和更新我们的内容。非常感谢!Enjoy :-)
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/install-wordpress-nginx-docker-container/
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作者:[Arun Pyasi][a]
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译者:[ictlyh](https://github.com/ictlyh)
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校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunp/
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[1]:http://docker.io/ |