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4.0 KiB
Markdown
104 lines
4.0 KiB
Markdown
Linux who 命令 – 显示系统登录者
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作为一名系统管理员，我们需要弄清楚在一个特定的时间点都有谁活跃在系统上。必须严密监视我们的服务器。但是，我们当然不可能一天24小时都盯着系统。在linux系统中，我们可以使用who命令查看登录者信息。
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### 什么是 who 命令 ###
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**who**命令能够打印 **当前都有谁登录到系统中** 的相关信息 。who命令只会显示真正登录到系统中的用户。它不会显示那些通过**su**命令切换用户的登录者。
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### 如何使用who命令 ###
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在大多数linux发行版中，who命令都是默认安装上的。想使用该命令，只需在控制台敲命令就行了。不带选项的话，运行该命令产生默认输出。
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$ who
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#### 如何理解输出: ####
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- 第一列显示用户名称
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- 第二列显示用户连接方式。Tty意味着用户直接连接到电脑上，而pts意味着远程登录。
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- 第三、四列分别显示日期和时间
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- 第五列显示用户登录IP地址。
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### 使用带参数的who命令 ###
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Who命令有一些参数用于调整输出。以下是常用的例子。
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#### 显示上一次重新启动的时间和日期 ####
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使用 **-b** 选项
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$ who -b
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可以看到系统启动是在2013年12月21日，下午3:52。
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#### 显示初始化进程的当前运行级别 ####
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使用 -r 选项，who命令会打印出初始化进程的当前运行级别
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$ who -r
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输出显示2013年12月21日，下午3:52系统以 级别2 开始运行。
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#### 为每一列添加标题 ####
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使用 -H 选项为每一列添加标题
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$ who -H
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#### 只打印当前运行终端的相关信息 ####
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可以使用**-m**选项。
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$ who -m
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#### 对当前登录用户数量计数 ####
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如果系统同时有多人登录在线，-q 选项协助你完成计数功能。
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$ who -q
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#### 附加空闲时间和PID信息 ####
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默认情况下，who命令不会打印空闲时间和PID信息。如果打算显示这些信息，使用-u选项。不要忘记使用 -H选项让显示的信息更加简单易读。
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$ who -u -H
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**空闲时间** 包含了最近最后一次活动以来消逝的时间. 所以，00:13 意思是 用户leni已经13分钟没执行过命令了. **(.)符号** 是指该终端过去的一分钟有过活动。在那期间，我们称之为 “current” 。**PID** 是用户shell程序的进程ID号。
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#### 显示登录进程####
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使用**-l**选项
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$ who -l
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第一列只显示系统登录守护进程的名字。上面截图中的数字 967, 971等是进程ID。
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#### 显示所有信息 ####
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使用**-a**选项会显示所有信息。例如：
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$ who -a
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####总结####
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你会发现 who 命令跟 w 命令在某些方面有些相像。不要为此感到疑惑，为什么linux要实现这些在功能上相近的命令。你可以使用你觉得最适合你的或者适用于某种场合的命令。请查阅who命令手册了解更多详细信息。
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- See more at: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-who-command/#sthash.CU0bq3e4.dpuf
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-who-command/
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译者：[l3b2w1](https://github.com/l3b2w1) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-w-command/
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