10 KiB
Translating By GitFuture
dpkg commands to manage packages on Debian Based Systems
[dpkg][7] stands for Debian package manager (dpkg). dpkg is a command-line tool to install, build, remove and manage Debian packages. dpkg uses Aptitude (primary and more user-friendly) as a front-end to perform all the actions.
Other utility such as dpkg-deb and dpkg-query uses dpkg as a front-end to perform some action.
Now a days most of the administrator using Apt, [Apt-Get][6] & Aptitude to manage packages easily without headache and its robust management too.
Even though still we need to use dpkg to perform some software installation where it’s necessary. Some other package manger utilities which are being used widely in Linux are [yum][5], [dnf][4], [apt-get][3], dpkg, [rpm][2], [Zypper][1], pacman, urpmi, etc.,
Now, i’m going to play on our Ubuntu 15.10 box to explain and cover mostly used dpkg commands with examples.
1) Common syntax/file location for dpkg
See below for common syntax/ file location of dpkg which will help you if you want to check more about it.
``` [General syntax for dpkg] $ dpkg -[command] [.deb package name]$ dpkg -[command] [package name]
[dpkg releated files location] $ /var/lib/dpkg
[This file contain modified package info by dpkg command like (install, remove, etc..,)] $ /var/lib/dpkg/status
[This file contain available package list] $ /var/lib/dpkg/status
#### 2) Install/Upgrade the package
Use the below command to install/upgrade .deb packge on Debian based systems such as Debian, Mint, Ubuntu & elementryOS, etc..,. Here i’m going to install Atom through atom-amd64.deb file. It will upgrade if it’s installed other wise install a fresh one.
[Install/Upgrade dpkg packages] $ sudo dpkg -i atom-amd64.deb Selecting previously unselected package atom. (Reading database ... 426102 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack atom-amd64.deb ... Unpacking atom (1.5.3) over (1.5.3) ... Setting up atom (1.5.3) ... Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.13.3-6ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for bamfdaemon (0.5.2~bzr0+15.10.20150627.1-0ubuntu1) ... Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index... Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.22-1ubuntu3) ... Processing triggers for mime-support (3.58ubuntu1) ...
#### 3) Install a package from folder
Use the below command to install the packages recursively from directory on Debian based systems such as Debian, Mint, Ubuntu & elementryOS, etc,. This will install all the *.deb packages under the /opt/software directory.
$ sudo dpkg -iR /opt/software Selecting previously unselected package atom. (Reading database ... 423303 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack /opt/software/atom-amd64.deb ... Unpacking atom (1.5.3) ... Setting up atom (1.5.3) ... Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.13.3-6ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for bamfdaemon (0.5.2~bzr0+15.10.20150627.1-0ubuntu1) ... Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index... Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.22-1ubuntu3) ... Processing triggers for mime-support (3.58ubuntu1) ...
#### 4) Print the Installed packages list
Use the below command to List all installed packages, along with package version and description on Debian based systems such as Debian, Mint, Ubuntu & elementryOS, etc..,.
$ dpkg -l Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold | Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend |/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad) ||/ Name Version Architecture Description +++-===========================-==================================-============-================================================================ ii account-plugin-aim 3.12.10-0ubuntu2 amd64 Messaging account plugin for AIM ii account-plugin-facebook 0.12+15.10.20150723-0ubuntu1 all GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon - facebook ii account-plugin-flickr 0.12+15.10.20150723-0ubuntu1 all GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon - flickr ii account-plugin-google 0.12+15.10.20150723-0ubuntu1 all GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon ii account-plugin-jabber 3.12.10-0ubuntu2 amd64 Messaging account plugin for Jabber/XMPP ii account-plugin-salut 3.12.10-0ubuntu2 amd64 Messaging account plugin for Local XMPP (Salut) . .
#### 5) Check particular Installed package
Use the below command to List individual installed package, along with package version and description on Debian based systems such as Debian, Mint, Ubuntu & elementryOS, etc..,.
<iframe marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" height="90" width="728" id="_mN_gpt_827143833" style="border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"></iframe>
$ dpkg -l atom Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold | Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend |/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad) ||/ Name Version Architecture Description +++-==========-=========-===================-============================================ ii atom 1.5.3 amd64 A hackable text editor for the 21st Century.
#### 6) Check package Installed Location
Use the below command to Check package Installed Location on Debian based systems such as Debian, Mint, Ubuntu & elementryOS, etc..,.
$ dpkg -L atom /. /usr /usr/bin /usr/bin/atom /usr/share /usr/share/lintian /usr/share/lintian/overrides /usr/share/lintian/overrides/atom /usr/share/pixmaps /usr/share/pixmaps/atom.png /usr/share/doc
#### 7) View deb package content
Use the below command to View deb package content, It will show list of files on inside .deb package.
$ dpkg -c atom-amd64.deb drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2016-02-13 02:13 ./ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2016-02-13 02:13 ./usr/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2016-02-13 02:13 ./usr/bin/ -rwxr-xr-x root/root 3067 2016-02-13 02:13 ./usr/bin/atom drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2016-02-13 02:13 ./usr/share/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2016-02-13 02:13 ./usr/share/lintian/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2016-02-13 02:13 ./usr/share/lintian/overrides/ -rw-r--r-- root/root 299 2016-02-13 02:13 ./usr/share/lintian/overrides/atom drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2016-02-13 02:13 ./usr/share/pixmaps/ -rw-r--r-- root/root 643183 2016-02-13 02:13 ./usr/share/pixmaps/atom.png drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2016-02-13 02:13 ./usr/share/doc/ . .
#### 8) Display details about package
Use the below command to Display detailed information about package, package group, version, maintainer, Architecture, display depends packages, description, etc.,.
$ dpkg -s atom Package: atom Status: install ok installed Priority: optional Section: devel Installed-Size: 213496 Maintainer: GitHub atom@github.comArchitecture: amd64 Version: 1.5.3 Depends: git, gconf2, gconf-service, libgtk2.0-0, libudev0 | libudev1, libgcrypt11 | libgcrypt20, libnotify4, libxtst6, libnss3, python, gvfs-bin, xdg-utils, libcap2 Recommends: lsb-release Suggests: libgnome-keyring0, gir1.2-gnomekeyring-1.0 Description: A hackable text editor for the 21st Century. Atom is a free and open source text editor that is modern, approachable, and hackable to the core./atom@github.com
#### 9) Find what package owns the file
Use the below command to find out what package does file belong.
$ dpkg -S /usr/bin/atom atom: /usr/bin/atom
#### 10) Remove/Delete package
Use the below command to Remove/Delete an installed package except configuration files.
<iframe marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" height="90" width="728" id="_mN_gpt_827143833" style="border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"></iframe>
$ sudo dpkg -r atom (Reading database ... 426404 files and directories currently installed.) Removing atom (1.5.3) ... Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.13.3-6ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for bamfdaemon (0.5.2~bzr0+15.10.20150627.1-0ubuntu1) ... Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index... Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.22-1ubuntu3) ... Processing triggers for mime-support (3.58ubuntu1) ...
#### 11) Purge package
Use the below command to Remove/Delete everything including configuration files.
$ sudo dpkg -P atom (Reading database ... 426404 files and directories currently installed.) Removing atom (1.5.3) ... Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.13.3-6ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for bamfdaemon (0.5.2~bzr0+15.10.20150627.1-0ubuntu1) ... Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index... Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.22-1ubuntu3) ... Processing triggers for mime-support (3.58ubuntu1) ...
#### 12) Read more about dpkg
Use the below commands to read more about dpkg command information.
$ dpkg -help or $ man dpkg
Enjoy….)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.2daygeek.com/dpkg-command-examples/
作者：[MAGESH MARUTHAMUTHU ][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:http://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
[1]:http://www.2daygeek.com/zypper-command-examples/
[2]:http://www.2daygeek.com/rpm-command-examples/
[3]:http://www.2daygeek.com/apt-get-apt-cache-command-examples/
[4]:http://www.2daygeek.com/dnf-command-examples/
[5]:http://www.2daygeek.com/yum-command-examples/
[6]:http://www.2daygeek.com/apt-get-apt-cache-command-examples/
[7]:https://wiki.debian.org/Teams/Dpkg
[8]:http://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/