TranslateProject/published/15 Basic MySQL Interview Questions for Database Administrators.md

15个 MySQL 基础面试题，DBA 们准备好了吗？

此前我们已经有发表过Linux 面试基础问答之一、二和三共3篇文章，获得读者的好评，同时我们得到反馈，有些读者希望这种交互式学习方法能够做得更加灵活。心动不如行动，我们这就为您奉上 15个 MySQL 面试题

问题1：你如何确定 MySQL 是否处于运行状态？

答案： Debian 上运行命令 service mysql status，在RedHat 上运行命令 service mysqld status。然后看看输出即可。

root@localhost:/home/avi# service mysql status

/usr/bin/mysqladmin  Ver 8.42 Distrib 5.1.72, for debian-linux-gnu on i486
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Server version 5.1.72-2
Protocol version 10
Connection Localhost via UNIX socket
UNIX socket /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
Uptime: 1 hour 22 min 49 sec

Threads: 1  Questions: 112138  Slow queries: 1  Opens: 1485  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 64  Queries per second avg: 22.567.

问题2：如何开启或停止 MySQL 服务？

答案：运行命令 service mysqld start 开启服务；运行命令 service mysqld stop 停止服务。

root@localhost:/home/avi# service mysql stop

Stopping MySQL database server: mysqld.

root@localhost:/home/avi# service mysql start

Starting MySQL database server: mysqld.

Checking for corrupt, not cleanly closed and upgrade needing tables..

问题3：如何通过 Shell 登入 MySQL？

答案：运行命令 mysql -u root -p

root@localhost:/home/avi# mysql -u root -p 
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g. 
Your MySQL connection id is 207 
Server version: 5.1.72-2 (Debian) 

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its 
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective 
owners. 

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. 

mysql>

问题4：如何列出所有数据库？

答案：运行命令 show databases;

mysql> show databases; 
+--------------------+ 
| Database           | 
+--------------------+ 
| information_schema | 
| a1                 | 
| cloud              | 
| mysql              | 
| phpmyadmin         | 
| playsms            | 
| sisso              | 
| test               | 
| ukolovnik          | 
| wordpress          | 
+--------------------+ 
10 rows in set (0.14 sec)

问题5： 如何切换到某个数据库并在上面工作？

答案：运行命令 use database_name; 进入名为 database_name 的数据库。

mysql> use cloud; 
Reading table information for completion of table and column names 
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A 

Database changed 
mysql>

问题6：如何列出某个数据库内所有表？

答案：在当前数据库运行命令 show tables;

mysql> show tables; 
+----------------------------+ 
| Tables_in_cloud            | 
+----------------------------+ 
| oc_appconfig               | 
| oc_calendar_calendars      | 
| oc_calendar_objects        | 
| oc_calendar_repeat         | 
| oc_calendar_share_calendar | 
| oc_calendar_share_event    | 
| oc_contacts_addressbooks   | 
| oc_contacts_cards          | 
| oc_fscache                 | 
| oc_gallery_sharing         | 
+----------------------------+ 
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

问题7：如何获取表内所有 Field 对象的名称和类型？

答案：运行命令 describe table_name;

mysql> describe oc_users; 
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 
| Field    | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra | 
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 
| uid      | varchar(64)  | NO   | PRI |         |       | 
| password | varchar(255) | NO   |     |         |       | 
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

问题8：如何删除表？

答案：运行命令 drop table table_name;

mysql> drop table lookup; 

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

问题9：如何删除数据库？

答案：运行命令 drop database database-name;

mysql> drop database a1; 

Query OK, 11 rows affected (0.07 sec)

问题10：如何查看表内所有数据？

答案：运行命令 select * from table_name;

mysql> select * from engines; 
+------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+ 
| ENGINE     | SUPPORT | COMMENT                                                        | TRANSACTIONS | XA   | SAVEPOINTS | 
+------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+ 
| InnoDB     | YES     | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys     | YES          | YES  | YES        | 
| MRG_MYISAM | YES     | Collection of identical MyISAM tables                          | NO           | NO   | NO         | 
| BLACKHOLE  | YES     | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) | NO           | NO   | NO         | 
| CSV        | YES     | CSV storage engine                                             | NO           | NO   | NO         | 
| MEMORY     | YES     | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables      | NO           | NO   | NO         | 
| FEDERATED  | NO      | Federated MySQL storage engine                                 | NULL         | NULL | NULL       | 
| ARCHIVE    | YES     | Archive storage engine                                         | NO           | NO   | NO         | 
| MyISAM     | DEFAULT | Default engine as of MySQL 3.23 with great performance         | NO           | NO   | NO         | 
+------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+ 
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

问题11：如何从表（比如 oc_users ）中获取一个 field 对象（比如 uid）的所有数据？

答案：运行命令 select uid from oc_users;

mysql> select uid from oc_users; 
+-----+ 
| uid | 
+-----+ 
| avi | 
+-----+ 
1 row in set (0.03 sec)

问题12：假设你有一个名为 ‘xyz’ 的表，它存在多个字段，如 ‘create_time’ 和 ‘engine’。名为 engine 的字段由 ‘Memoty’ 和 ‘MyIsam’ 两种数值组成。如何只列出 ‘create_time’ 和 ‘engine’ 这两列并且 engine 的值为 ‘MyIsam’？

答案：运行命令 select create_time, engine from xyz where engine = ”MyIsam”;

mysql> select create_time, engine from xyz where engine="MyIsam";

+---------------------+--------+ 
| create_time         | engine | 
+---------------------+--------+ 
| 2013-12-15 13:43:27 | MyISAM | 
| 2013-12-15 13:43:27 | MyISAM | 
| 2013-12-15 13:43:27 | MyISAM | 
| 2013-12-15 13:43:27 | MyISAM | 
| 2013-12-15 13:43:27 | MyISAM | 
| 2013-12-15 13:43:27 | MyISAM | 
| 2013-12-15 13:43:27 | MyISAM | 
| 2013-12-15 13:43:27 | MyISAM | 
| 2013-10-23 14:56:38 | MyISAM | 
| 2013-10-23 14:56:38 | MyISAM | 
| 2013-10-23 14:56:38 | MyISAM | 
| 2013-10-23 14:56:38 | MyISAM | 
| 2013-10-23 14:56:38 | MyISAM | 
| 2013-10-23 14:56:38 | MyISAM | 
| 2013-10-23 14:56:38 | MyISAM | 
+---------------------+--------+ 
132 rows in set (0.29 sec)

问题13：如何列出表 ‘xrt’ 内 name 域值为 ‘tecmint’，web_address 域值为 ‘tecmint.com’ 的所有数据？

答案：运行命令 select * from xrt where name = “tecmint” and web_address = “tecmint.com”;

mysql> select  * from xrt where name = "tecmint" and web_address = “tecmint.com”;
+---------------+---------------------+---------------+ 
| Id                  | name                   | web_address | 
+---------------+---------------------+----------------+ 
| 13                 |  tecmint               | tecmint.com  |
+---------------+---------------------+----------------+ 
| 41                 |  tecmint               | tecmint.com  |
+---------------+---------------------+----------------+

问题14：如何列出表 ‘xrt’ 内 name 域值不为 ‘tecmint’，web_address 域值为 ‘tecmint.com’ 的所有数据？

答案：运行命令 select * from xrt where name != "tecmint" and web_address = "tecmint.com";

mysql> select * from xrt where name != ”tecmint” and web_address = ”tecmint.com”;

+---------------+---------------------+---------------+ 
| Id            | name                | web_address   | 
+---------------+---------------------+----------------+ 
| 1173          |  tecmint            | tecmint.com   |
+---------------+---------------------+----------------+

问题15：如何知道表内行数？

答案：运行命令 select count(*) from table_name;

mysql> select count(*) from Tables; 

+----------+ 
| count(*) | 
+----------+ 
|      282 | 
+----------+ 
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

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via: http://www.tecmint.com/basic-mysql-interview-questions-for-database-administrators/

译者：bazz2 校对：Caroline

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