mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2024-12-29 21:41:00 +08:00
184 lines
8.1 KiB
Markdown
184 lines
8.1 KiB
Markdown
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||
[#]: translator: (lnrCoder)
|
||
[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
|
||
[#]: publisher: (wxy)
|
||
[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-11503-1.html)
|
||
[#]: subject: (How to Get the Size of a Directory in Linux)
|
||
[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/find-get-size-of-directory-folder-linux-disk-usage-du-command/)
|
||
[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
|
||
|
||
如何获取 Linux 中的目录大小
|
||
======
|
||
|
||
你应该已经注意到，在 Linux 中使用 [ls 命令][1] 列出的目录内容中，目录的大小仅显示 4KB。这个大小正确吗？如果不正确，那它代表什么，又该如何获取 Linux 中的目录或文件夹大小？这是一个默认的大小，是用来存储磁盘上存储目录的元数据的大小。
|
||
|
||
Linux 上有一些应用程序可以 [获取目录的实际大小][2]。其中，磁盘使用率（`du`）命令已被 Linux 管理员广泛使用。
|
||
|
||
我将向您展示如何使用各种选项获取文件夹大小。
|
||
|
||
### 什么是 du 命令?
|
||
|
||
[du 命令][3] 表示 <ruby>磁盘使用率<rt>Disk Usage</rt></ruby>。这是一个标准的 Unix 程序，用于估计当前工作目录中的文件空间使用情况。
|
||
|
||
它使用递归方式总结磁盘使用情况，以获取目录及其子目录的大小。
|
||
|
||
如同我说的那样, 使用 `ls` 命令时，目录大小仅显示 4KB。参见下面的输出。
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ ls -lh | grep ^d
|
||
|
||
drwxr-xr-x 3 daygeek daygeek 4.0K Aug 2 13:57 Bank_Details
|
||
drwxr-xr-x 2 daygeek daygeek 4.0K Mar 15 2019 daygeek
|
||
drwxr-xr-x 6 daygeek daygeek 4.0K Feb 16 2019 drive-2daygeek
|
||
drwxr-xr-x 13 daygeek daygeek 4.0K Jan 6 2019 drive-mageshm
|
||
drwxr-xr-x 15 daygeek daygeek 4.0K Sep 29 21:32 Thanu_Photos
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 1) 在 Linux 上如何只获取父目录的大小
|
||
|
||
使用以下 `du` 命令格式获取给定目录的总大小。在该示例中，我们将得到 `/home/daygeek/Documents` 目录的总大小。
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ du -hs /home/daygeek/Documents
|
||
或
|
||
$ du -h --max-depth=0 /home/daygeek/Documents/
|
||
20G /home/daygeek/Documents
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
详细说明：
|
||
|
||
* `du` – 这是一个命令
|
||
* `-h` – 以易读的格式显示大小 (例如 1K 234M 2G)
|
||
* `-s` – 仅显示每个参数的总数
|
||
* `--max-depth=N` – 目录的打印深度
|
||
|
||
### 2) 在 Linux 上如何获取每个目录的大小
|
||
|
||
使用以下 `du` 命令格式获取每个目录（包括子目录）的总大小。
|
||
|
||
在该示例中，我们将获得每个 `/home/daygeek/Documents` 目录及其子目录的总大小。
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ du -h /home/daygeek/Documents/ | sort -rh | head -20
|
||
|
||
20G /home/daygeek/Documents/
|
||
9.6G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek
|
||
6.3G /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos
|
||
5.3G /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/Camera
|
||
5.3G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-videos
|
||
3.2G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm
|
||
2.3G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-Photos
|
||
2.2G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month
|
||
916M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm/Tanisha
|
||
454M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm/2g-backup
|
||
415M /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Video
|
||
300M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Jan-2017
|
||
288M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Oct-2017
|
||
226M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Sep-2017
|
||
219M /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Documents
|
||
213M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm/photos
|
||
163M /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Video/Sent
|
||
161M /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Images
|
||
154M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/June-2017
|
||
150M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Nov-2016
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 3) 在 Linux 上如何获取每个目录的摘要
|
||
|
||
使用如下 `du` 命令格式仅获取每个目录的摘要。
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ du -hs /home/daygeek/Documents/* | sort -rh | head -10
|
||
|
||
9.6G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek
|
||
6.3G /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos
|
||
3.2G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm
|
||
756K /home/daygeek/Documents/Bank_Details
|
||
272K /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-TouchInterface1.png
|
||
172K /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-NightLight.png
|
||
164K /home/daygeek/Documents/ConfigServer Security and Firewall (csf) Cheat Sheet.pdf
|
||
132K /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-Todo.png
|
||
112K /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-ZorinAutoTheme.png
|
||
96K /home/daygeek/Documents/distro-info.xlsx
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 4) 在 Linux 上如何获取每个目录的不含子目录的大小
|
||
|
||
使用如下 `du` 命令格式来展示每个目录的总大小，不包括子目录。
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ du -hS /home/daygeek/Documents/ | sort -rh | head -20
|
||
|
||
5.3G /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/Camera
|
||
5.3G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-videos
|
||
2.3G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-Photos
|
||
1.5G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm
|
||
831M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm/Tanisha
|
||
454M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm/2g-backup
|
||
300M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Jan-2017
|
||
288M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Oct-2017
|
||
253M /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Video
|
||
226M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Sep-2017
|
||
219M /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Documents
|
||
213M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm/photos
|
||
163M /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Video/Sent
|
||
154M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/June-2017
|
||
150M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Nov-2016
|
||
127M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Dec-2016
|
||
100M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Oct-2016
|
||
94M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Nov-2017
|
||
92M /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos/WhatsApp Images
|
||
90M /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek/Thanu-photos-by-month/Dec-2017
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 5) 在 Linux 上如何仅获取一级子目录的大小
|
||
|
||
如果要获取 Linux 上给定目录的一级子目录（包括其子目录）的大小，请使用以下命令格式。
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ du -h --max-depth=1 /home/daygeek/Documents/
|
||
|
||
3.2G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm
|
||
4.0K /home/daygeek/Documents/daygeek
|
||
756K /home/daygeek/Documents/Bank_Details
|
||
9.6G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek
|
||
6.3G /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos
|
||
20G /home/daygeek/Documents/
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 6) 如何在 du 命令输出中获得总计
|
||
|
||
如果要在 `du` 命令输出中获得总计，请使用以下 `du` 命令格式。
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
$ du -hsc /home/daygeek/Documents/* | sort -rh | head -10
|
||
|
||
20G total
|
||
9.6G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-2daygeek
|
||
6.3G /home/daygeek/Documents/Thanu_Photos
|
||
3.2G /home/daygeek/Documents/drive-mageshm
|
||
756K /home/daygeek/Documents/Bank_Details
|
||
272K /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-TouchInterface1.png
|
||
172K /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-NightLight.png
|
||
164K /home/daygeek/Documents/ConfigServer Security and Firewall (csf) Cheat Sheet.pdf
|
||
132K /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-Todo.png
|
||
112K /home/daygeek/Documents/user-friendly-zorin-os-15-has-been-released-ZorinAutoTheme.png
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/find-get-size-of-directory-folder-linux-disk-usage-du-command/
|
||
|
||
作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
|
||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||
译者：[lnrCoder](https://github.com/lnrCoder)
|
||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||
|
||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||
|
||
[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
|
||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||
[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-unix-ls-command-display-directory-contents/
|
||
[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-get-find-size-of-directory-folder-linux/
|
||
[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-check-disk-usage-files-directories-size-du-command/
|