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176 lines
6.5 KiB
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176 lines
6.5 KiB
Markdown
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (stevenzdg988)
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[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
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[#]: publisher: (wxy)
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[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-13012-1.html)
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[#]: subject: (Printing from the Linux command line)
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[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3373502/printing-from-the-linux-command-line.html)
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[#]: author: (Sandra Henry-Stocker https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/)
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从 Linux 命令行进行打印
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======
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> 在 Linux 命令行进行打印的内容比单单一个 `lp` 命令多得多，让我们来看一些可用选项。
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![Sherry \(CC BY 2.0\)][1]
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Linux 命令行打印很容易。你可以使用 `lp` 命令来请求打印，并使用 `lpq` 命令来查看队列中有哪些打印作业，但是当你要双面打印或使用纵向模式时，这些会变得有些复杂。你可能还需要做很多其他事情，例如打印多份文档副本或取消打印作业。让我们来看看一些选项，当你从命令行打印时，如何让你的打印输出看起来如你所愿。
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### 显示打印机配置
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要从命令行查看打印机设置，请使用 `lpoptions` 命令。 输出应如下所示：
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```
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$ lpoptions
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copies=1 device-uri=dnssd://HP%20Color%20LaserJet%20CP2025dn%20(F47468)._pdl-datastream._tcp.local/ finishings=3 job-cancel-after=10800 job-hold-until=no-hold job-priority=50 job-sheets=none,none marker-change-time=1553023232 marker-colors=#000000,#00FFFF,#FF00FF,#FFFF00 marker-levels=18,62,62,63 marker-names='Black\ Cartridge\ HP\ CC530A,Cyan\ Cartridge\ HP\ CC531A,Magenta\ Cartridge\ HP\ CC533A,Yellow\ Cartridge\ HP\ CC532A' marker-types=toner,toner,toner,toner number-up=1 printer-commands=none printer-info='HP Color LaserJet CP2025dn (F47468)' printer-is-accepting-jobs=true printer-is-shared=true printer-is-temporary=false printer-location printer-make-and-model='HP Color LaserJet cp2025dn pcl3, hpcups 3.18.7' printer-state=3 printer-state-change-time=1553023232 printer-state-reasons=none printer-type=167964 printer-uri-supported=ipp://localhost/printers/Color-LaserJet-CP2025dn sides=one-sided
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```
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如果将其空格转换为回车符，输出可能会更人性化，请注意列出了多少设置选项。
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注意：在下面的输出中，一些行被重新链接，以使输出更具可读性。
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```
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$ lpoptions | tr " " '\n'
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copies=1
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device-uri=dnssd://HP%20Color%20LaserJet%20CP2025dn%20(F47468)._pdl-datastream._tcp.local/
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finishings=3
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job-cancel-after=10800
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job-hold-until=no-hold
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job-priority=50
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job-sheets=none,none
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marker-change-time=1553023232
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marker-colors=#000000,#00FFFF,#FF00FF,#FFFF00
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marker-levels=18,62,62,63
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marker-names='Black\ Cartridge\ HP\ CC530A,
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Cyan\ Cartridge\ HP\ CC531A,
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Magenta\ Cartridge\ HP\ CC533A,
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Yellow\ Cartridge\ HP\ CC532A'
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marker-types=toner,toner,toner,toner
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number-up=1
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printer-commands=none
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printer-info='HP Color LaserJet CP2025dn (F47468)'
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printer-is-accepting-jobs=true
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printer-is-shared=true
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printer-is-temporary=false
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printer-location
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printer-make-and-model='HP Color LaserJet cp2025dn pcl3, hpcups 3.18.7'
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printer-state=3
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printer-state-change-time=1553023232
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printer-state-reasons=none
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printer-type=167964
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printer-uri-supported=ipp://localhost/printers/Color-LaserJet-CP2025dn
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sides=one-sided
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```
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使用 `-v` 选项时，`lpinfo` 命令将列出驱动程序和相关信息：
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```
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$ lpinfo -v
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network ipp
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network https
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network socket
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network beh
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direct hp
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network lpd
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file cups-brf:/
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network ipps
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network http
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direct hpfax
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network dnssd://HP%20Color%20LaserJet%20CP2025dn%20(F47468)._pdl-datastream._tcp.local/ <== printer
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network socket://192.168.0.23 <== printer IP
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```
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`lpoptions` 命令将显示默认打印机的设置。使用 `-p` 选项指定其中一个可用打印机代号：
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```
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$ lpoptions -p LaserJet
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```
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`lpstat -p` 命令显示打印机的状态，而 `lpstat -p -d` 列出可用打印机列表。
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```
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$ lpstat -p -d
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printer Color-LaserJet-CP2025dn is idle. enabled since Tue 19 Mar 2019 05:07:45 PM EDT
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system default destination: Color-LaserJet-CP2025dn
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```
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### 非常有用的命令
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要在默认打印机上打印文档，只需使用 `lp` 命令，后跟要打印的文件名即可。 如果文件名包含空格（在 Linux 系统上很少见），请将该名称放在引号中或开始输入文件名并按 `Tab` 键调用空格的转义标志（如下面的第二个示例所示）。
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```
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$ lp "never leave home angry"
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$ lp never\ leave\ home\ angry
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```
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`lpq` 命令显示打印队列：
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```
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$ lpq
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Color-LaserJet-CP2025dn is ready and printing
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Rank Owner Job File(s) Total Size
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active shs 234 agenda 2048 bytes
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```
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使用 `-n` 选项时，`lp` 命令可用来指定所需打印输出的份数：
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```
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$ lp -n 11 agenda
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```
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要取消打印作业，可以使用 `cancel` 或 `lprm` 命令。如果没来得及执行，则可能会看到以下信息：
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```
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$ cancel 229
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cancel: cancel-job failed: Job #229 is already completed - can't cancel.
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```
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### 双面打印
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要以双面模式打印，你可以在 `lp` 命令中使用 `sides` 选项，该选项不但表示了在纸张的正反面进行打印，还表示了从纸张的哪个边开始打印。这个设置代表了你期望以双面纵向文档的正常方式打印。
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```
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$ lp -o sides=two-sided-long-edge Notes.pdf
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```
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如果要所有文档以双面模式打印，则可以使用 `lpoptions` 命令更改 `sides` 设置以修改 `lp` 的设置。
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```
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$ lpoptions -o sides=two-sided-short-edge
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```
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要恢复为单面打印，可以使用如下命令：
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```
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$ lpoptions -o sides=one-sided
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```
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#### 横向打印
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要以横向模式打印，可以在 `lp` 命令中使用 `landscape` 选项。
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```
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$ lp -o landscape penguin.jpg
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```
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### CUPS（Unix 通用打印系统）
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Linux 系统上使用的打印系统是基于标准的开源打印系统，称为 **CUPS**，原意是<ruby>Unix 通用打印系统<rt>Common Unix Printing System</rt></ruby>。 它允许计算机充当打印服务器。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3373502/printing-from-the-linux-command-line.html
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作者：[Sandra Henry-Stocker][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[stevenzdg988](https://github.com/stevenzdg988)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://images.idgesg.net/images/article/2019/03/printouts-paper-100791390-large.jpg
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[2]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
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[3]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world
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