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140 lines
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140 lines
5.0 KiB
Markdown
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (qianmingtian)
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[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
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[#]: publisher: (wxy)
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[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-11781-1.html)
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[#]: subject: (Bash Script to Send eMail With a List of User Accounts Expiring in “X” Days)
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[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/bash-script-to-check-user-account-password-expiry-linux/)
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[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
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使用 Bash 脚本发送包含几天内到期的用户账号列表的电子邮件
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======
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![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202001/13/232047vfxkrr47mn7eapda.jpg)
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密码强制策略对所有操作系统和应用程序都是通用的。如果要[在 Linux 上实现密码强制策略][1],请参阅以下文章。
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默认情况下,大多数公司都会强制执行密码强制策略,但根据公司的要求,密码的时间周期会有所不同。通常每个人都使用 90 天的密码周期。用户只会在他们使用的一些服务器上[更改密码][2],而不会在他们不经常使用的服务器上更改密码。
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特别地,大多数团队忘记更改服务帐户密码,这可能导致日常工作的中断,即使他们配置有[基于 SSH 密钥的身份验证][3]。如果用户帐户密码过期,基于SSH密钥的身份验证和 [cronjob][4] 将不起作用。
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为了避免这种情况,我们创建了一个 [shell 脚本][5]来向你发送 10 天内到期的用户帐户列表。
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本教程中包含两个 [bash 脚本][6]可以帮助你收集系统中用户到期天数的信息。
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### 1) 检查 10 天后到期的用户帐户列表
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此脚本将帮助你在终端上检查 10 天内到期的用户帐户列表。
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```
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# vi /opt/script/user-password-expiry.sh
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```
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```
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#!/bin/sh
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/tmp/user-expiry-1.txt
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/tmp/user-expiry.txt
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echo "-------------------------------------------------"
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echo "UserName The number of days the password expires"
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echo "-------------------------------------------------"
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for usern in u1 u2 u3 u4
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do
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today=$(date +%s)
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userexpdate=$(chage -l $usern | grep 'Password expires' |cut -d: -f2)
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passexp=$(date -d "$userexpdate" "+%s")
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exp=`expr \( $passexp - $today \)`
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expday=`expr \( $exp / 86400 \)`
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echo "$usern $expday" >> /tmp/user-expiry.txt
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done
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cat /tmp/user-expiry.txt | awk '$2 <= 10' > /tmp/user-expiry-1.txt
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cat /tmp/user-expiry-1.txt | column -t
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```
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将文件 `user-password-expiry.sh` 设置为可执行的 Linux 文件权限。
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```
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# chmod +x /opt/script/user-password-expiry.sh
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```
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你将得到如下输出,但用户与天数可能不同。
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```
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# sh /opt/script/user-password-expiry.sh
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-------------------------------------------------
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UserName The number of days the password expires
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-------------------------------------------------
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u1 -25
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u2 9
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u3 3
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u4 5
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```
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### 2) 发送包含 10 天内到期的用户帐户列表的电子邮件
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此脚本将发送一封包含 10 天内到期的用户帐户列表的邮件。
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```
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# vi /opt/script/user-password-expiry-mail.sh
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```
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```
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#!/bin/sh
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SUBJECT="Information About User Password Expiration on "`date`""
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MESSAGE="/tmp/user-expiry.txt"
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MESSAGE1="/tmp/user-expiry-1.txt"
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TO="magesh.m@rentacenter.com"
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echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> $MESSAGE1
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echo "UserName The number of days the password expires" >> $MESSAGE1
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echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> $MESSAGE1
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for usern in u1 u2 u3 u4
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do
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today=$(date +%s)
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userexpdate=$(chage -l $usern | grep 'Password expires' |cut -d: -f2)
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passexp=$(date -d "$userexpdate" "+%s")
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exp=`expr \( $passexp - $today \)`
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expday=`expr \( $exp / 86400 \)`
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echo "$usern $expday" >> $MESSAGE
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done
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cat $MESSAGE | awk '$2 <= 10' >> $MESSAGE1
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mail -s "$SUBJECT" "$TO" < $MESSAGE1
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rm $MESSAGE
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rm $MESSAGE1
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```
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将文件 `user-password-expiry-mail.sh` 设置为可执行的 Linux 文件权限。
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```
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# chmod +x /opt/script/user-password-expiry-mail.sh
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```
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最后,添加一个 [cronjob][4] 去自动执行脚本。每天早上 8 点运行一次。
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```
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# crontab -e
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0 8 * * * /bin/bash /opt/script/user-password-expiry-mail.sh
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```
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你将收到一封与第一个脚本输出类似的电子邮件。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.2daygeek.com/bash-script-to-check-user-account-password-expiry-linux/
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作者:[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
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选题:[lujun9972][b]
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译者:[qianmingtian][c]
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校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[c]: https://github.com/qianmingtian
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[1]: https://linux.cn/article-11709-1.html
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[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-passwd-chpasswd-command-set-update-change-users-password-in-linux-using-shell-script/
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[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/configure-setup-passwordless-ssh-key-based-authentication-linux/
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[4]: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-crontab-cron-job-to-schedule-jobs-task/
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[5]: https://www.2daygeek.com/category/shell-script/
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[6]: https://www.2daygeek.com/category/bash-script/
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