document/TranslateProject
2
0
Fork 0
mirror of https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git synced 2024-12-23 21:20:42 +08:00
Code Issues Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity
master
TranslateProject/published/201911/20191030 How to Find Out Top Memory Consuming Processes in Linux.md
Xingyu Wang 875796e02d 归档 201911
2019-11-30 22:45:21 +08:00

199 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
Raw Permalink Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (lnrCoder)
[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
[#]: publisher: (wxy)
[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-11542-1.html)
[#]: subject: (How to Find Out Top Memory Consuming Processes in Linux)
[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-find-top-memory-consuming-processes/)
[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
如何在 Linux 中找出内存消耗最大的进程
======
![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/201911/06/110149r81efjx12afjat7f.jpg)
很多次，你可能遇见过系统消耗了过多的内存。如果是这种情况，那么最好的办法是识别出 Linux 机器上消耗过多内存的进程。我相信，你可能已经运行了下文中的命令以进行检查。如果没有，那你尝试过哪些其他的命令？我希望你可以在评论中更新这篇文章，它可能会帮助其他用户。
使用 [top 命令][1] 和 [ps 命令][2] 可以轻松的识别这种情况。我过去经常同时使用这两个命令，两个命令得到的结果是相同的。所以我建议你从中选择一个喜欢的使用就可以。
### 1) 如何使用 ps 命令在 Linux 中查找内存消耗最大的进程
`ps` 命令用于报告当前进程的快照。`ps` 命令的意思是“进程状态”。这是一个标准的 Linux 应用程序，用于查找有关在 Linux 系统上运行进程的信息。
它用于列出当前正在运行的进程及其进程 ID（PID）、进程所有者名称、进程优先级（PR）以及正在运行的命令的绝对路径等。
下面的 `ps` 命令格式为你提供有关内存消耗最大进程的更多信息。
```
# ps aux --sort -rss | head
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
mysql 1064 3.2 5.4 886076 209988 ? Ssl Oct25 62:40 /usr/sbin/mysqld
varnish 23396 0.0 2.9 286492 115616 ? SLl Oct25 0:42 /usr/sbin/varnishd -P /var/run/varnish.pid -f /etc/varnish/default.vcl -a :82 -T 127.0.0.1:6082 -S /etc/varnish/secret -s malloc,256M
named 1105 0.0 2.7 311712 108204 ? Ssl Oct25 0:16 /usr/sbin/named -u named -c /etc/named.conf
nobody 23377 0.2 2.3 153096 89432 ? S Oct25 4:35 nginx: worker process
nobody 23376 0.1 2.1 147096 83316 ? S Oct25 2:18 nginx: worker process
root 23375 0.0 1.7 131028 66764 ? Ss Oct25 0:01 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
nobody 23378 0.0 1.6 130988 64592 ? S Oct25 0:00 nginx: cache manager process
root 1135 0.0 0.9 86708 37572 ? S 05:37 0:20 cwpsrv: worker process
root 1133 0.0 0.9 86708 37544 ? S 05:37 0:05 cwpsrv: worker process
```
使用以下 `ps` 命令格式可在输出中仅展示有关内存消耗过程的特定信息。
```
# ps -eo pid,ppid,%mem,%cpu,cmd --sort=-%mem | head
PID PPID %MEM %CPU CMD
1064 1 5.4 3.2 /usr/sbin/mysqld
23396 23386 2.9 0.0 /usr/sbin/varnishd -P /var/run/varnish.pid -f /etc/varnish/default.vcl -a :82 -T 127.0.0.1:6082 -S /etc/varnish/secret -s malloc,256M
1105 1 2.7 0.0 /usr/sbin/named -u named -c /etc/named.conf
23377 23375 2.3 0.2 nginx: worker process
23376 23375 2.1 0.1 nginx: worker process
3625 977 1.9 0.0 /usr/local/bin/php-cgi /home/daygeekc/public_html/index.php
23375 1 1.7 0.0 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
23378 23375 1.6 0.0 nginx: cache manager process
1135 3034 0.9 0.0 cwpsrv: worker process
```
如果你只想查看命令名称而不是命令的绝对路径，请使用下面的 `ps` 命令格式。
```
# ps -eo pid,ppid,%mem,%cpu,comm --sort=-%mem | head
PID PPID %MEM %CPU COMMAND
1064 1 5.4 3.2 mysqld
23396 23386 2.9 0.0 cache-main
1105 1 2.7 0.0 named
23377 23375 2.3 0.2 nginx
23376 23375 2.1 0.1 nginx
23375 1 1.7 0.0 nginx
23378 23375 1.6 0.0 nginx
1135 3034 0.9 0.0 cwpsrv
1133 3034 0.9 0.0 cwpsrv
```
### 2) 如何使用 top 命令在 Linux 中查找内存消耗最大的进程
Linux 的 `top` 命令是用来监视 Linux 系统性能的最好和最知名的命令。它在交互界面上显示运行的系统进程的实时视图。但是，如果要查找内存消耗最大的进程，请 [在批处理模式下使用 top 命令][3]。
你应该正确地 [了解 top 命令输出][4] 以解决系统中的性能问题。
```
# top -c -b -o +%MEM | head -n 20 | tail -15
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
1064 mysql 20 0 886076 209740 8388 S 0.0 5.4 62:41.20 /usr/sbin/mysqld
23396 varnish 20 0 286492 115616 83572 S 0.0 3.0 0:42.24 /usr/sbin/varnishd -P /var/run/varnish.pid -f /etc/varnish/default.vcl -a :82 -T 127.0.0.1:6082 -S /etc/varnish/secret -s malloc,256M
1105 named 20 0 311712 108204 2424 S 0.0 2.8 0:16.41 /usr/sbin/named -u named -c /etc/named.conf
23377 nobody 20 0 153240 89432 2432 S 0.0 2.3 4:35.74 nginx: worker process
23376 nobody 20 0 147096 83316 2416 S 0.0 2.1 2:18.09 nginx: worker process
23375 root 20 0 131028 66764 1616 S 0.0 1.7 0:01.07 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
23378 nobody 20 0 130988 64592 592 S 0.0 1.7 0:00.51 nginx: cache manager process
1135 root 20 0 86708 37572 2252 S 0.0 1.0 0:20.18 cwpsrv: worker process
1133 root 20 0 86708 37544 2212 S 0.0 1.0 0:05.94 cwpsrv: worker process
3034 root 20 0 86704 36740 1452 S 0.0 0.9 0:00.09 cwpsrv: master process /usr/local/cwpsrv/bin/cwpsrv
1067 nobody 20 0 1356200 31588 2352 S 0.0 0.8 0:56.06 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
977 nobody 20 0 1356088 31268 2372 S 0.0 0.8 0:30.44 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
968 nobody 20 0 1356216 30544 2348 S 0.0 0.8 0:19.95 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
```
如果你只想查看命令名称而不是命令的绝对路径，请使用下面的 `top` 命令格式。
```
# top -b -o +%MEM | head -n 20 | tail -15
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
1064 mysql 20 0 886076 210340 8388 S 6.7 5.4 62:40.93 mysqld
23396 varnish 20 0 286492 115616 83572 S 0.0 3.0 0:42.24 cache-main
1105 named 20 0 311712 108204 2424 S 0.0 2.8 0:16.41 named
23377 nobody 20 0 153240 89432 2432 S 13.3 2.3 4:35.74 nginx
23376 nobody 20 0 147096 83316 2416 S 0.0 2.1 2:18.09 nginx
23375 root 20 0 131028 66764 1616 S 0.0 1.7 0:01.07 nginx
23378 nobody 20 0 130988 64592 592 S 0.0 1.7 0:00.51 nginx
1135 root 20 0 86708 37572 2252 S 0.0 1.0 0:20.18 cwpsrv
1133 root 20 0 86708 37544 2212 S 0.0 1.0 0:05.94 cwpsrv
3034 root 20 0 86704 36740 1452 S 0.0 0.9 0:00.09 cwpsrv
1067 nobody 20 0 1356200 31588 2352 S 0.0 0.8 0:56.04 httpd
977 nobody 20 0 1356088 31268 2372 S 0.0 0.8 0:30.44 httpd
968 nobody 20 0 1356216 30544 2348 S 0.0 0.8 0:19.95 httpd
```
### 3) 奖励技巧：如何使用 ps_mem 命令在 Linux 中查找内存消耗最大的进程
[ps_mem 程序][5] 用于显示每个程序（而不是每个进程）使用的核心内存。该程序允许你检查每个程序使用了多少内存。它根据程序计算私有和共享内存的数量，并以最合适的方式返回已使用的总内存。
它使用以下逻辑来计算内存使用量。总内存使用量 = sum(用于程序进程的专用内存使用量) + sum(用于程序进程的共享内存使用量)。
```
# ps_mem
Private + Shared = RAM used Program
128.0 KiB + 27.5 KiB = 155.5 KiB agetty
228.0 KiB + 47.0 KiB = 275.0 KiB atd
284.0 KiB + 53.0 KiB = 337.0 KiB irqbalance
380.0 KiB + 81.5 KiB = 461.5 KiB dovecot
364.0 KiB + 121.5 KiB = 485.5 KiB log
520.0 KiB + 65.5 KiB = 585.5 KiB auditd
556.0 KiB + 60.5 KiB = 616.5 KiB systemd-udevd
732.0 KiB + 48.0 KiB = 780.0 KiB crond
296.0 KiB + 524.0 KiB = 820.0 KiB avahi-daemon (2)
772.0 KiB + 51.5 KiB = 823.5 KiB systemd-logind
940.0 KiB + 162.5 KiB = 1.1 MiB dbus-daemon
1.1 MiB + 99.0 KiB = 1.2 MiB pure-ftpd
1.2 MiB + 100.5 KiB = 1.3 MiB master
1.3 MiB + 198.5 KiB = 1.5 MiB pickup
1.3 MiB + 198.5 KiB = 1.5 MiB bounce
1.3 MiB + 198.5 KiB = 1.5 MiB pipe
1.3 MiB + 207.5 KiB = 1.5 MiB qmgr
1.4 MiB + 198.5 KiB = 1.6 MiB cleanup
1.3 MiB + 299.5 KiB = 1.6 MiB trivial-rewrite
1.5 MiB + 145.0 KiB = 1.6 MiB config
1.4 MiB + 291.5 KiB = 1.6 MiB tlsmgr
1.4 MiB + 308.5 KiB = 1.7 MiB local
1.4 MiB + 323.0 KiB = 1.8 MiB anvil (2)
1.3 MiB + 559.0 KiB = 1.9 MiB systemd-journald
1.8 MiB + 240.5 KiB = 2.1 MiB proxymap
1.9 MiB + 322.5 KiB = 2.2 MiB auth
2.4 MiB + 88.5 KiB = 2.5 MiB systemd
2.8 MiB + 458.5 KiB = 3.2 MiB smtpd
2.9 MiB + 892.0 KiB = 3.8 MiB bash (2)
3.3 MiB + 555.5 KiB = 3.8 MiB NetworkManager
4.1 MiB + 233.5 KiB = 4.3 MiB varnishd
4.0 MiB + 662.0 KiB = 4.7 MiB dhclient (2)
4.3 MiB + 623.5 KiB = 4.9 MiB rsyslogd
3.6 MiB + 1.8 MiB = 5.5 MiB sshd (3)
5.6 MiB + 431.0 KiB = 6.0 MiB polkitd
13.0 MiB + 546.5 KiB = 13.6 MiB tuned
22.5 MiB + 76.0 KiB = 22.6 MiB lfd - sleeping
30.0 MiB + 6.2 MiB = 36.2 MiB php-fpm (6)
5.7 MiB + 33.5 MiB = 39.2 MiB cwpsrv (3)
20.1 MiB + 25.3 MiB = 45.4 MiB httpd (5)
104.7 MiB + 156.0 KiB = 104.9 MiB named
112.2 MiB + 479.5 KiB = 112.7 MiB cache-main
69.4 MiB + 58.6 MiB = 128.0 MiB nginx (4)
203.4 MiB + 309.5 KiB = 203.7 MiB mysqld
---------------------------------
775.8 MiB
=================================
```
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-find-top-memory-consuming-processes/
作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[lnrCoder](https://github.com/lnrCoder)
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-top-command-linux-system-performance-monitoring-tool/
[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-ps-command-find-running-process-monitoring/
[3]: https://linux.cn/article-11491-1.html
[4]: https://www.2daygeek.com/understanding-linux-top-command-output-usage/
[5]: https://www.2daygeek.com/ps_mem-report-core-memory-usage-accurately-in-linux/
Reference in New Issue View Git Blame Copy Permalink