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150 lines
5.9 KiB
Markdown
150 lines
5.9 KiB
Markdown
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
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[#]: publisher: (wxy)
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[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-11518-1.html)
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[#]: subject: (Building container images with the ansible-bender tool)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/10/building-container-images-ansible)
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[#]: author: (Tomas Tomecek https://opensource.com/users/tomastomecek)
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使用 ansible-bender 构建容器镜像
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======
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> 了解如何使用 Ansible 在容器中执行命令。
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容器和 [Ansible][2] 可以很好地融合在一起：从管理和编排到供应和构建。在本文中，我们将重点介绍构建部分。
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如果你熟悉 Ansible，就会知道你可以编写一系列任务，`ansible-playbook` 命令将为你执行这些任务。你知道吗，如果你编写 Dockerfile 并运行 `podman build`，你还可以在容器环境中执行此类命令，并获得相同的结果。
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这是一个例子：
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```
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- name: Serve our file using httpd
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hosts: all
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tasks:
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- name: Install httpd
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package:
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name: httpd
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state: installed
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- name: Copy our file to httpd’s webroot
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copy:
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src: our-file.txt
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dest: /var/www/html/
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```
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你可以在 Web 服务器本地或容器中执行这个剧本，并且只要你记得先创建 `our-file.txt`，它就可以工作。
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但是这里缺少了一些东西。你需要启动（并配置）httpd 以便提供文件。这是容器构建和基础架构供应之间的区别：构建镜像时，你只需准备内容；而运行容器是另一项任务。另一方面，你可以将元数据附加到容器镜像，它会默认运行命令。
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这有个工具可以帮助。试试看 `ansible-bender` 怎么样？
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```
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$ ansible-bender build the-playbook.yaml fedora:30 our-httpd
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```
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该脚本使用 `ansible-bender` 对 Fedora 30 容器镜像执行该剧本，并将生成的容器镜像命名为 `our-httpd`。
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但是，当你运行该容器时，它不会启动 httpd，因为它不知道如何操作。你可以通过向该剧本添加一些元数据来解决此问题：
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```
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- name: Serve our file using httpd
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hosts: all
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vars:
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ansible_bender:
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base_image: fedora:30
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target_image:
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name: our-httpd
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cmd: httpd -DFOREGROUND
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tasks:
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- name: Install httpd
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package:
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name: httpd
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state: installed
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- name: Listen on all network interfaces.
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lineinfile:
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path: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
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regexp: '^Listen '
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line: Listen 0.0.0.0:80
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- name: Copy our file to httpd’s webroot
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copy:
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src: our-file.txt
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dest: /var/www/html
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```
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现在你可以构建镜像（从这里开始，请以 root 用户身份运行所有命令。目前，Buildah 和 Podman 不会为无 root 容器创建专用网络）：
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```
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# ansible-bender build the-playbook.yaml
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PLAY [Serve our file using httpd] ****************************************************
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TASK [Gathering Facts] ***************************************************************
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ok: [our-httpd-20191004-131941266141-cont]
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TASK [Install httpd] *****************************************************************
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loaded from cache: 'f053578ed2d47581307e9ba3f64f4b4da945579a082c6f99bd797635e62befd0'
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skipping: [our-httpd-20191004-131941266141-cont]
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TASK [Listen on all network interfaces.] *********************************************
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changed: [our-httpd-20191004-131941266141-cont]
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TASK [Copy our file to httpd’s webroot] **********************************************
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changed: [our-httpd-20191004-131941266141-cont]
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PLAY RECAP ***************************************************************************
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our-httpd-20191004-131941266141-cont : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=1 rescued=0 ignored=0
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Getting image source signatures
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Copying blob sha256:4650c04b851c62897e9c02c6041a0e3127f8253fafa3a09642552a8e77c044c8
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Copying blob sha256:87b740bba596291af8e9d6d91e30a01d5eba9dd815b55895b8705a2acc3a825e
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Copying blob sha256:82c21252bd87532e93e77498e3767ac2617aa9e578e32e4de09e87156b9189a0
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Copying config sha256:44c6dc6dda1afe28892400c825de1c987c4641fd44fa5919a44cf0a94f58949f
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Writing manifest to image destination
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Storing signatures
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44c6dc6dda1afe28892400c825de1c987c4641fd44fa5919a44cf0a94f58949f
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Image 'our-httpd' was built successfully \o/
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```
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镜像构建完毕，可以运行容器了：
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```
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# podman run our-httpd
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AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 10.88.2.106. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
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```
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是否提供文件了？首先，找出你容器的 IP：
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```
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# podman inspect -f '{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}' 7418570ba5a0
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10.88.2.106
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```
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你现在可以检查了：
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```
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$ curl http://10.88.2.106/our-file.txt
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Ansible is ❤
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```
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你文件内容是什么？
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这只是使用 Ansible 构建容器镜像的介绍。如果你想了解有关 `ansible-bender` 可以做什么的更多信息，请查看它的 [GitHub][3] 页面。构建快乐！
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/19/10/building-container-images-ansible
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作者：[Tomas Tomecek][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/tomastomecek
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/blocks_building.png?itok=eMOT-ire (Blocks for building)
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[2]: https://www.ansible.com/
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[3]: https://github.com/ansible-community/ansible-bender
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