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173 lines
7.9 KiB
Markdown
BootISO:从 ISO 文件中创建一个可启动的 USB 设备
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======
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![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/201906/16/110109qq0b7atyaped3ij2.jpg)
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为了安装操作系统,我们中的大多数人(包括我)经常从 ISO 文件中创建一个可启动的 USB 设备。为达到这个目的,在 Linux 中有很多自由可用的应用程序。甚至在过去我们写了几篇介绍这种实用程序的文章。
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每个人使用不同的应用程序,每个应用程序有它们自己的特色和功能。在这些应用程序中,一些应用程序属于 CLI 程序,一些应用程序则是 GUI 的。
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今天,我们将讨论名为 BootISO 的实用程序类似工具。它是一个简单的 bash 脚本,允许用户来从 ISO 文件中创建一个可启动的 USB 设备。
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很多 Linux 管理员使用 `dd` 命令开创建可启动的 ISO ,它是一个著名的原生方法,但是与此同时,它也是一个非常危险的命令。因此,小心,当你用 `dd` 命令执行一些动作时。
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建议阅读:
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- [Etcher:从一个 ISO 镜像中创建一个可启动的 USB 驱动器 & SD 卡的简单方法][1]
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- [在 Linux 上使用 dd 命令来从一个 ISO 镜像中创建一个可启动的 USB 驱动器][2]
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### BootISO 是什么
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[BootISO][3] 是一个简单的 bash 脚本,允许用户来安全的从一个 ISO 文件中创建一个可启动的 USB 设备,它是用 bash 编写的。
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它不提供任何图形用户界面而是提供了大量的选项,可以让初学者顺利地在 Linux 上来创建一个可启动的 USB 设备。因为它是一个智能工具,能自动地选择连接到系统上的 USB 设备。
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当系统有多个 USB 设备连接,它将打印出列表。当你手动选择了另一个硬盘而不是 USB 时,在这种情况下,它将安全地退出,而不会在硬盘上写入任何东西。
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这个脚本也将检查依赖关系,并提示用户安装,它可以与所有的软件包管理器一起工作,例如 apt-get、yum、dnf、pacman 和 zypper。
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### BootISO 的功能
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* 它检查选择的 ISO 是否是正确的 mime 类型。如果不是,那么退出。
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* 如果你选择除 USB 设备以外的任何其它的磁盘(本地硬盘),BootISO 将自动地退出。
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* 当你有多个驱动器时,BootISO 允许用户选择想要使用的 USB 驱动器。
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* 在擦除和分区 USB 设备前,BootISO 会提示用户确认。
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* BootISO 将正确地处理来自一个命令的任何错误,并退出。
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* BootISO 在遇到问题退出时将调用一个清理例行程序。
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### 如何在 Linux 中安装 BootISO
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在 Linux 中安装 BootISO 有几个可用的方法,但是,我建议用户使用下面的方法安装。
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```
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$ curl -L https://git.io/bootiso -O
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$ chmod +x bootiso
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$ sudo mv bootiso /usr/local/bin/
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```
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一旦 BootISO 已经安装,运行下面的命令来列出可用的 USB 设备。
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```
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$ bootiso -l
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Listing USB drives available in your system:
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NAME HOTPLUG SIZE STATE TYPE
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sdd 1 32G running disk
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```
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如果你仅有一个 USB 设备,那么简单地运行下面的命令来从一个 ISO 文件中创建一个可启动的 USB 设备。
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```
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$ bootiso /path/to/iso file
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```
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```
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$ bootiso /opt/iso_images/archlinux-2018.05.01-x86_64.iso
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Granting root privileges for bootiso.
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Listing USB drives available in your system:
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NAME HOTPLUG SIZE STATE TYPE
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sdd 1 32G running disk
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Autoselecting `sdd' (only USB device candidate)
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The selected device `/dev/sdd' is connected through USB.
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Created ISO mount point at `/tmp/iso.vXo'
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`bootiso' is about to wipe out the content of device `/dev/sdd'.
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Are you sure you want to proceed? (y/n)>y
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Erasing contents of /dev/sdd...
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Creating FAT32 partition on `/dev/sdd1'...
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Created USB device mount point at `/tmp/usb.0j5'
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Copying files from ISO to USB device with `rsync'
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Synchronizing writes on device `/dev/sdd'
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`bootiso' took 250 seconds to write ISO to USB device with `rsync' method.
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ISO succesfully unmounted.
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USB device succesfully unmounted.
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USB device succesfully ejected.
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You can safely remove it !
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```
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当你有多个 USB 设备时,可以使用 `--device` 选项指明你的设备名称。
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```
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$ bootiso -d /dev/sde /opt/iso_images/archlinux-2018.05.01-x86_64.iso
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```
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默认情况下,BootISO 使用 `rsync` 命令来执行所有的动作,如果你想使用 `dd` 命令代替它,使用下面的格式。
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```
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$ bootiso --dd -d /dev/sde /opt/iso_images/archlinux-2018.05.01-x86_64.iso
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```
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如果你想跳过 mime 类型检查,BootISO 实用程序带有下面的选项。
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```
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$ bootiso --no-mime-check -d /dev/sde /opt/iso_images/archlinux-2018.05.01-x86_64.iso
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```
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为 BootISO 添加下面的选项来跳过在擦除和分区 USB 设备前的用户确认。
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```
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$ bootiso -y -d /dev/sde /opt/iso_images/archlinux-2018.05.01-x86_64.iso
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```
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连同 `-y` 选项一起,启用自动选择 USB 设备。
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```
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$ bootiso -y -a /opt/iso_images/archlinux-2018.05.01-x86_64.iso
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```
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为知道更多的 BootISO 选项,运行下面的命令。
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```
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$ bootiso -h
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Create a bootable USB from any ISO securely.
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Usage: bootiso [...]
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Options
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-h, --help, help Display this help message and exit.
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-v, --version Display version and exit.
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-d, --device Select block file as USB device.
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If is not connected through USB, `bootiso' will fail and exit.
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Device block files are usually situated in /dev/sXX or /dev/hXX.
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You will be prompted to select a device if you don't use this option.
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-b, --bootloader Install a bootloader with syslinux (safe mode) for non-hybrid ISOs. Does not work with `--dd' option.
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-y, --assume-yes `bootiso' won't prompt the user for confirmation before erasing and partitioning USB device.
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Use at your own risks.
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-a, --autoselect Enable autoselecting USB devices in conjunction with -y option.
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Autoselect will automatically select a USB drive device if there is exactly one connected to the system.
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Enabled by default when neither -d nor --no-usb-check options are given.
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-J, --no-eject Do not eject device after unmounting.
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-l, --list-usb-drives List available USB drives.
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-M, --no-mime-check `bootiso' won't assert that selected ISO file has the right mime-type.
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-s, --strict-mime-check Disallow loose application/octet-stream mime type in ISO file.
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-- POSIX end of options.
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--dd Use `dd' utility instead of mounting + `rsync'.
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Does not allow bootloader installation with syslinux.
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--no-usb-check `bootiso' won't assert that selected device is a USB (connected through USB bus).
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Use at your own risks.
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Readme
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Bootiso v2.5.2.
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Author: Jules Samuel Randolph
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Bugs and new features: https://github.com/jsamr/bootiso/issues
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If you like bootiso, please help the community by making it visible:
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* star the project at https://github.com/jsamr/bootiso
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* upvote those SE post: https://goo.gl/BNRmvm https://goo.gl/YDBvFe
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```
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.2daygeek.com/bootiso-a-simple-bash-script-to-securely-create-a-bootable-usb-device-in-linux-from-iso-file/
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作者:[Prakash Subramanian][a]
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选题:[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者:[robsean](https://github.com/robsean)
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校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.2daygeek.com/author/prakash/
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[1]:https://www.2daygeek.com/etcher-easy-way-to-create-a-bootable-usb-drive-sd-card-from-an-iso-image-on-linux/
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[2]:https://www.2daygeek.com/create-a-bootable-usb-drive-from-an-iso-image-using-dd-command-on-linux/
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[3]:https://github.com/jsamr/bootiso
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