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TranslateProject/published/201905/20190520 xsos - A Tool To Read SOSReport In Linux.md
Xingyu Wang ae1e0b5adc 归档 201905
2019-06-03 00:28:23 +08:00

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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (wxy)
[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
[#]: publisher: (wxy)
[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-10889-1.html)
[#]: subject: (xsos – A Tool To Read SOSReport In Linux)
[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/xsos-a-tool-to-read-sosreport-in-linux/)
[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/)
xsos：一个在 Linux 上阅读 SOSReport 的工具
======
![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/201905/23/133305accwpsvhk1epsisc.jpg)
我们都已经知道 [SOSReport][1]。它用来收集可用于诊断的系统信息。Redhat 的支持服务建议我们在提交案例时提供 SOSReport 来分析当前的系统状态。
它会收集全部类型的报告，以帮助用户找出问题的根本原因。我们可以轻松地提取和阅读 SOSReport，但它很难阅读。因为它的每个部分都是一个单独的文件。
那么，在 Linux 中使用语法高亮显示阅读所有这些内容的最佳方法是什么。是的，这可以通过 `xsos` 工具做到。
### sosreport
`sosreport` 命令是一个从运行中的系统（尤其是 RHEL 和 OEL 系统）收集大量配置细节、系统信息和诊断信息的工具。它可以帮助技术支持工程师在很多方面分析系统。
此报告包含有关系统的大量信息，例如引导信息、文件系统、内存、主机名、已安装的 RPM、系统 IP、网络详细信息、操作系统版本、已安装的内核、已加载的内核模块、打开的文件列表、PCI 设备列表、挂载点及其细节、运行中的进程信息、进程树输出、系统路由、位于 `/etc` 文件夹中的所有配置文件，以及位于 `/var` 文件夹中的所有日志文件。
这将需要一段时间来生成报告，这取决于你的系统安装和配置。
完成后，`sosreport` 将在 `/tmp` 目录下生成一个压缩的归档文件。
### xsos
[xsos][3] 是一个帮助用户轻松读取 Linux 系统上的 `sosreport` 的工具。另一方面，我们可以说它是 `sosreport` 考官。
它可以立即从 `sosreport` 或正在运行的系统中汇总系统信息。
`xsos` 将尝试简化、解析、计算并格式化来自数十个文件（和命令）的数据，以便为你提供有关系统的详细概述。
你可以通过运行以下命令立即汇总系统信息。
```
# curl -Lo ./xsos bit.ly/xsos-direct; chmod +x ./xsos; ./xsos -ya
```
![][5]
### 如何在 Linux 上安装 xsos
我们可以使用以下两种方法轻松安装 `xsos`。
如果你正在寻找最新的前沿版本。使用以下步骤：
```
# curl -Lo /usr/local/bin/xsos bit.ly/xsos-direct
# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/xsos
```
下面是安装 `xsos` 的推荐方法。它将从 rpm 文件安装 `xsos`。
```
# yum install http://people.redhat.com/rsawhill/rpms/latest-rsawaroha-release.rpm
# yum install xsos
```
### 如何在 Linux 上使用 xsos
一旦通过上述方法之一安装了 xsos。只需运行 `xsos` 命令，不带任何选项，它们会显示有关系统的基本信息。
```
# xsos
OS
Hostname: CentOS7.2daygeek.com
Distro: [redhat-release] CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
[centos-release] CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
[os-release] CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 7 (Core)
RHN: (missing)
RHSM: (missing)
YUM: 2 enabled plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Runlevel: N 5 (default graphical)
SELinux: enforcing (default enforcing)
Arch: mach=x86_64 cpu=x86_64 platform=x86_64
Kernel:
Booted kernel: 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
GRUB default: 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
Build version:
Linux version 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red
Hat 4.8.5-36) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Thu Nov 8 23:39:32 UTC 2018
Booted kernel cmdline:
root=/dev/mapper/centos-root ro crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
GRUB default kernel cmdline:
root=/dev/mapper/centos-root ro crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
Taint-check: 0 (kernel untainted)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sys time: Sun May 12 10:05:21 CDT 2019
Boot time: Sun May 12 09:50:20 CDT 2019 (epoch: 1557672620)
Time Zone: America/Chicago
Uptime: 15 min, 1 user
LoadAvg: [1 CPU] 0.00 (0%), 0.04 (4%), 0.09 (9%)
/proc/stat:
procs_running: 2 procs_blocked: 0 processes [Since boot]: 6423
cpu [Utilization since boot]:
us 1%, ni 0%, sys 1%, idle 99%, iowait 0%, irq 0%, sftirq 0%, steal 0%
```
### 如何使用 xsos 命令在 Linux 中查看生成的 SOSReport 输出？
我们需要份 SOSReport 以使用 `xsos` 命令进一步阅读。
是的，我已经生成了一个 SOSReport，文件如下。
```
# ls -lls -lh /var/tmp/sosreport-CentOS7-01-1005-2019-05-12-pomeqsa.tar.xz
9.8M -rw-------. 1 root root 9.8M May 12 10:13 /var/tmp/sosreport-CentOS7-01-1005-2019-05-12-pomeqsa.tar.xz
```
运行如下命令解开它。
```
# tar xf sosreport-CentOS7-01-1005-2019-05-12-pomeqsa.tar.xz
```
要查看全部信息，带上 `-a` 或 `--all` 开关运行 `xsos`：
```
# xsos --all /var/tmp/sosreport-CentOS7-01-1005-2019-05-12-pomeqsa
```
要查看 BIOS 信息，带上 `-b` 或 `--bios` 开关运行 `xsos`。
```
# xsos --bios /var/tmp/sosreport-CentOS7-01-1005-2019-05-12-pomeqsa
DMIDECODE
BIOS:
Vend: innotek GmbH
Vers: VirtualBox
Date: 12/01/2006
BIOS Rev:
FW Rev:
System:
Mfr: innotek GmbH
Prod: VirtualBox
Vers: 1.2
Ser: 0
UUID: 002f47b8-2af2-48f5-be1d-67b67e03514c
CPU:
0 of 0 CPU sockets populated, 0 cores/0 threads per CPU
0 total cores, 0 total threads
Mfr:
Fam:
Freq:
Vers:
Memory:
Total: 0 MiB (0 GiB)
DIMMs: 0 of 0 populated
MaxCapacity: 0 MiB (0 GiB / 0.00 TiB)
```
要查看系统基本信息，如主机名、发行版、SELinux、内核信息、正常运行时间等，请使用 `-o` 或 `--os` 开关运行 `xsos`。
```
# xsos --os /var/tmp/sosreport-CentOS7-01-1005-2019-05-12-pomeqsa
OS
Hostname: CentOS7.2daygeek.com
Distro: [redhat-release] CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
[centos-release] CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
[os-release] CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 7 (Core)
RHN: (missing)
RHSM: (missing)
YUM: 2 enabled plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
SELinux: enforcing (default enforcing)
Arch: mach=x86_64 cpu=x86_64 platform=x86_64
Kernel:
Booted kernel: 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
GRUB default: 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
Build version:
Linux version 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red
Hat 4.8.5-36) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Thu Nov 8 23:39:32 UTC 2018
Booted kernel cmdline:
root=/dev/mapper/centos-root ro crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
GRUB default kernel cmdline:
root=/dev/mapper/centos-root ro crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
Taint-check: 536870912 (see https://access.redhat.com/solutions/40594)
29 TECH_PREVIEW: Technology Preview code is loaded
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sys time: Sun May 12 10:12:22 CDT 2019
Boot time: Sun May 12 09:50:20 CDT 2019 (epoch: 1557672620)
Time Zone: America/Chicago
Uptime: 22 min, 1 user
LoadAvg: [1 CPU] 1.19 (119%), 0.27 (27%), 0.14 (14%)
/proc/stat:
procs_running: 8 procs_blocked: 2 processes [Since boot]: 9005
cpu [Utilization since boot]:
us 1%, ni 0%, sys 1%, idle 99%, iowait 0%, irq 0%, sftirq 0%, steal 0%
```
要查看 kdump 配置，请使用 `-k` 或 `--kdump` 开关运行 `xsos`。
```
# xsos --kdump /var/tmp/sosreport-CentOS7-01-1005-2019-05-12-pomeqsa
KDUMP CONFIG
kexec-tools rpm version:
kexec-tools-2.0.15-21.el7.x86_64
Service enablement:
UNIT STATE
kdump.service enabled
kdump initrd/initramfs:
13585734 Feb 19 05:51 initramfs-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64kdump.img
Memory reservation config:
/proc/cmdline { crashkernel=auto }
GRUB default { crashkernel=auto }
Actual memory reservation per /proc/iomem:
2a000000-340fffff : Crash kernel
kdump.conf:
path /var/crash
core_collector makedumpfile -l --message-level 1 -d 31
kdump.conf "path" available space:
System MemTotal (uncompressed core size) { 1.80 GiB }
Available free space on target path's fs { 22.68 GiB } (fs=/)
Panic sysctls:
kernel.sysrq [bitmask] = "16" (see proc man page)
kernel.panic [secs] = 0 (no autoreboot on panic)
kernel.hung_task_panic = 0
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
kernel.panic_on_io_nmi = 0
kernel.panic_on_unrecovered_nmi = 0
kernel.panic_on_stackoverflow = 0
kernel.softlockup_panic = 0
kernel.unknown_nmi_panic = 0
kernel.nmi_watchdog = 1
vm.panic_on_oom [0-2] = 0 (no panic)
```
要查看有关 CPU 的信息，请使用 `-c` 或 `--cpu` 开关运行 `xsos`。
```
# xsos --cpu /var/tmp/sosreport-CentOS7-01-1005-2019-05-12-pomeqsa
CPU
1 logical processors
1 Intel Core i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz (flags: aes,constant_tsc,ht,lm,nx,pae,rdrand)
```
要查看内存利用情况，请使用 `-m` 或 `--mem` 开关运行 `xsos`。
```
# xsos --mem /var/tmp/sosreport-CentOS7-01-1005-2019-05-12-pomeqsa
MEMORY
Stats graphed as percent of MemTotal:
MemUsed ▊▊▊▊▊▊▊▊▊▊▊▊▊▊▊▊▊▊▊▊▊▊▊▊▊▊▊▊▊..................... 58.8%
Buffers .................................................. 0.6%
Cached ▊▊▊▊▊▊▊▊▊▊▊▊▊▊▊................................... 29.9%
HugePages .................................................. 0.0%
Dirty .................................................. 0.7%
RAM:
1.8 GiB total ram
1.1 GiB (59%) used
0.5 GiB (28%) used excluding Buffers/Cached
0.01 GiB (1%) dirty
HugePages:
No ram pre-allocated to HugePages
LowMem/Slab/PageTables/Shmem:
0.09 GiB (5%) of total ram used for Slab
0.02 GiB (1%) of total ram used for PageTables
0.01 GiB (1%) of total ram used for Shmem
Swap:
0 GiB (0%) used of 2 GiB total
```
要查看添加的磁盘信息，请使用 `-d` 和 `-disks` 开关运行 `xsos`。
```
# xsos --disks /var/tmp/sosreport-CentOS7-01-1005-2019-05-12-pomeqsa
STORAGE
Whole Disks from /proc/partitions:
2 disks, totaling 40 GiB (0.04 TiB)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Disk Size in GiB
---- -----------
sda 30
sdb 10
```
要查看网络接口配置，请使用 `-e` 或 `--ethtool` 开关运行 `xsos`。
```
# xsos --ethtool /var/tmp/sosreport-CentOS7-01-1005-2019-05-12-pomeqsa
ETHTOOL
Interface Status:
enp0s10 0000:00:0a.0 link=up 1000Mb/s full (autoneg=Y) rx ring 256/4096 drv e1000 v7.3.21-k8-NAPI / fw UNKNOWN
enp0s9 0000:00:09.0 link=up 1000Mb/s full (autoneg=Y) rx ring 256/4096 drv e1000 v7.3.21-k8-NAPI / fw UNKNOWN
virbr0 N/A link=DOWN rx ring UNKNOWN drv bridge v2.3 / fw N/A
virbr0-nic tap link=DOWN rx ring UNKNOWN drv tun v1.6 / fw UNKNOWN
```
要查看有关 IP 地址的信息，请使用 `-i` 或 `--ip` 开关运行 `xsos`。
```
# xsos --ip /var/tmp/sosreport-CentOS7-01-1005-2019-05-12-pomeqsa
IP4
Interface Master IF MAC Address MTU State IPv4 Address
========= ========= ================= ====== ===== ==================
lo - - 65536 up 127.0.0.1/8
enp0s9 - 08:00:27:0b:bc:e9 1500 up 192.168.1.8/24
enp0s10 - 08:00:27:b2:08:91 1500 up 192.168.1.9/24
virbr0 - 52:54:00:ae:01:94 1500 up 192.168.122.1/24
virbr0-nic virbr0 52:54:00:ae:01:94 1500 DOWN -
IP6
Interface Master IF MAC Address MTU State IPv6 Address Scope
========= ========= ================= ====== ===== =========================================== =====
lo - - 65536 up ::1/128 host
enp0s9 - 08:00:27:0b:bc:e9 1500 up fe80::945b:8333:f4bc:9723/64 link
enp0s10 - 08:00:27:b2:08:91 1500 up fe80::7ed4:1fab:23c3:3790/64 link
virbr0 - 52:54:00:ae:01:94 1500 up - -
virbr0-nic virbr0 52:54:00:ae:01:94 1500 DOWN - -
```
要通过 `ps` 查看正在运行的进程，请使用 `-p` 或 `--ps` 开关运行 `xsos`。
```
# xsos --ps /var/tmp/sosreport-CentOS7-01-1005-2019-05-12-pomeqsa
PS CHECK
Total number of threads/processes:
501 / 171
Top users of CPU & MEM:
USER %CPU %MEM RSS
root 20.6% 14.1% 0.30 GiB
gdm 0.3% 16.8% 0.33 GiB
postfix 0.0% 0.6% 0.01 GiB
polkitd 0.0% 0.6% 0.01 GiB
daygeek 0.0% 0.2% 0.00 GiB
colord 0.0% 0.4% 0.01 GiB
Uninteruptible sleep threads/processes (0/0):
[None]
Defunct zombie threads/processes (0/0):
[None]
Top CPU-using processes:
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ-MiB RSS-MiB TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 6542 15.6 4.2 875 78 pts/0 Sl+ 10:11 0:07 /usr/bin/python /sbin/sosreport
root 7582 3.0 0.1 10 2 pts/0 S 10:12 0:00 /bin/bash /usr/sbin/dracut --print-cmdline
root 7969 0.7 0.1 95 4 ? Ss 10:12 0:00 /usr/sbin/certmonger -S -p
root 7889 0.4 0.2 24 4 ? Ss 10:12 0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-hostnamed
gdm 3866 0.3 7.1 2856 131 ? Sl 09:50 0:04 /usr/bin/gnome-shell
root 8553 0.2 0.1 47 3 ? S 10:12 0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd
root 6971 0.2 0.4 342 9 ? Sl 10:12 0:00 /usr/sbin/abrt-dbus -t133
root 3200 0.2 0.9 982 18 ? Ssl 09:50 0:02 /usr/sbin/libvirtd
root 2855 0.1 0.1 88 3 ? Ss 09:50 0:01 /sbin/rngd -f
rtkit 2826 0.0 0.0 194 2 ? SNsl 09:50 0:00 /usr/libexec/rtkit-daemon
Top MEM-using processes:
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ-MiB RSS-MiB TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
gdm 3866 0.3 7.1 2856 131 ? Sl 09:50 0:04 /usr/bin/gnome-shell
root 6542 15.6 4.2 875 78 pts/0 Sl+ 10:11 0:07 /usr/bin/python /sbin/sosreport
root 3264 0.0 1.2 271 23 tty1 Ssl+ 09:50 0:00 /usr/bin/X :0 -background
root 3200 0.2 0.9 982 18 ? Ssl 09:50 0:02 /usr/sbin/libvirtd
root 3189 0.0 0.9 560 17 ? Ssl 09:50 0:00 /usr/bin/python2 -Es /usr/sbin/tuned
gdm 4072 0.0 0.9 988 17 ? Sl 09:50 0:00 /usr/libexec/gsd-media-keys
gdm 4076 0.0 0.8 625 16 ? Sl 09:50 0:00 /usr/libexec/gsd-power
gdm 4056 0.0 0.8 697 16 ? Sl 09:50 0:00 /usr/libexec/gsd-color
root 2853 0.0 0.7 622 14 ? Ssl 09:50 0:00 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon
gdm 4110 0.0 0.7 544 14 ? Sl 09:50 0:00 /usr/libexec/gsd-wacom
Top thread-spawning processes:
# USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ-MiB RSS-MiB TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
17 root 3200 0.2 0.9 982 18 ? - 09:50 0:02 /usr/sbin/libvirtd
12 root 6542 16.1 4.5 876 83 pts/0 - 10:11 0:07 /usr/bin/python /sbin/sosreport
10 gdm 3866 0.3 7.1 2856 131 ? - 09:50 0:04 /usr/bin/gnome-shell
7 polkitd 2864 0.0 0.6 602 13 ? - 09:50 0:01 /usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd --no-debug
6 root 2865 0.0 0.0 203 1 ? - 09:50 0:00 /usr/sbin/gssproxy -D
5 root 3189 0.0 0.9 560 17 ? - 09:50 0:00 /usr/bin/python2 -Es /usr/sbin/tuned
5 root 2823 0.0 0.3 443 6 ? - 09:50 0:00 /usr/libexec/udisks2/udisksd
5 gdm 4102 0.0 0.2 461 5 ? - 09:50 0:00 /usr/libexec/gsd-smartcard
4 root 3215 0.0 0.2 470 4 ? - 09:50 0:00 /usr/sbin/gdm
4 gdm 4106 0.0 0.2 444 5 ? - 09:50 0:00 /usr/libexec/gsd-sound
```
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/xsos-a-tool-to-read-sosreport-in-linux/
作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-create-collect-sosreport-in-linux/
[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/oswbb-how-to-install-and-configure-oswatcher-black-box-for-system-diagnostics/
[3]: https://github.com/ryran/xsos
[4]: data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7
[5]: https://www.2daygeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/xsos-a-tool-to-read-sosreport-in-linux-1.jpg
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