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122 lines
3.7 KiB
Markdown
122 lines
3.7 KiB
Markdown
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
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[#]: publisher: (wxy)
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[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-10780-1.html)
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[#]: subject: (Getting started with Mercurial for version control)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/4/getting-started-mercurial)
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[#]: author: (Moshe Zadka https://opensource.com/users/moshez)
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Mercurial 版本控制入门
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======
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> 了解 Mercurial 的基础知识,它是一个用 Python 写的分布式版本控制系统。
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![][1]
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[Mercurial][2] 是一个用 Python 编写的分布式版本控制系统。因为它是用高级语言编写的,所以你可以用 Python 函数编写一个 Mercurial 扩展。
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在[官方文档中][3]说明了几种安装 Mercurial 的方法。我最喜欢的一种方法不在里面:使用 `pip`。这是开发本地扩展的最合适方式!
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目前,Mercurial 仅支持 Python 2.7,因此你需要创建一个 Python 2.7 虚拟环境:
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```
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python2 -m virtualenv mercurial-env
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./mercurial-env/bin/pip install mercurial
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```
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为了让命令简短一些,以及满足人们对化学幽默的渴望,该命令称之为 `hg`。
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```
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$ source mercurial-env/bin/activate
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(mercurial-env)$ mkdir test-dir
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(mercurial-env)$ cd test-dir
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(mercurial-env)$ hg init
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(mercurial-env)$ hg status
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(mercurial-env)$
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```
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由于还没有任何文件,因此状态为空。添加几个文件:
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```
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(mercurial-env)$ echo 1 > one
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(mercurial-env)$ echo 2 > two
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(mercurial-env)$ hg status
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? one
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? two
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(mercurial-env)$ hg addremove
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adding one
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adding two
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(mercurial-env)$ hg commit -m 'Adding stuff'
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(mercurial-env)$ hg log
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changeset: 0:1f1befb5d1e9
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tag: tip
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user: Moshe Zadka <[moshez@zadka.club][4]>
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date: Fri Mar 29 12:42:43 2019 -0700
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summary: Adding stuff
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```
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`addremove` 命令很有用:它将任何未被忽略的新文件添加到托管文件列表中,并移除任何已删除的文件。
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如我所说,Mercurial 扩展用 Python 写成,它们只是常规的 Python 模块。
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这是一个简短的 Mercurial 扩展示例:
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```
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from mercurial import registrar
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from mercurial.i18n import _
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cmdtable = {}
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command = registrar.command(cmdtable)
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@command('say-hello',
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[('w', 'whom', '', _('Whom to greet'))])
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def say_hello(ui, repo, `opts):
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ui.write("hello ", opts['whom'], "\n")
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```
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简单的测试方法是将它手动加入虚拟环境中的文件中:
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```
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`$ vi ../mercurial-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/hello_ext.py`
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```
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然后你需要*启用*扩展。你可以仅在当前仓库中启用它:
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```
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$ cat >> .hg/hgrc
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[extensions]
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hello_ext =
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```
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现在,问候有了:
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```
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(mercurial-env)$ hg say-hello --whom world
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hello world
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```
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大多数扩展会做更多有用的东西,甚至可能与 Mercurial 有关。 `repo` 对象是 `mercurial.hg.repository` 的对象。
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有关 Mercurial API 的更多信息,请参阅[官方文档][5]。并访问[官方仓库][6]获取更多示例和灵感。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/getting-started-mercurial
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作者:[Moshe Zadka][a]
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选题:[lujun9972][b]
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译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/moshez
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/rh_003499_01_cloud21x_cc.png?itok=5UwC92dO
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[2]: https://www.mercurial-scm.org/
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[3]: https://www.mercurial-scm.org/wiki/UnixInstall
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[4]: mailto:moshez@zadka.club
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[5]: https://www.mercurial-scm.org/wiki/MercurialApi#Repositories
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[6]: https://www.mercurial-scm.org/repo/hg/file/tip/hgext
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